Rewilding Earth Podcast: Episode 152 – Wild Cat Rewilding in Pakistan

Host: Jack Humphrey
Guest: Zafir Ahmed Shaikh
Release Date: August 8, 2025

Introduction

In Episode 152 of the Rewilding Earth podcast, host Jack Humphrey welcomes Zafir Ahmed Shaikh, a passionate conservationist dedicated to the preservation of Pakistan's small wild cats. Shaikh shares his insights from the Indus Fishing Cat Project, shedding light on the challenges and successes in rewilding efforts within Pakistan’s diverse ecosystems.

The Indus Fishing Cat Project: Unveiling Hidden Populations

Shaikh begins by explaining the origins and objectives of the Indus Fishing Cat Project, established in early 2021. The project focuses on the survival of fishing cats in Pakistan, specifically in the provinces of Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Prior to their efforts, the global consensus was that fishing cats were nearly extinct in Pakistan, supported only by a solitary camera trap record and outdated information from the 1990 publication Mammals of Pakistan by T.J. Roberts.

"We started collecting records from anywhere and everywhere we could find them. In just one year, we confirmed that fishing cats were much more widespread in the country than previously thought," Shaikh explains (01:46).

Through extensive mapping and data collection, the team discovered that fishing cats were not confined to isolated pockets but were thriving across expansive irrigated canal networks. This revelation extended their range into previously unsuspected areas like the rugged Balochistan coast, highlighting the adaptability of these elusive felines.

Identifying and Mitigating Threats

With the confirmation of their presence, the project turned its focus to identifying and mitigating threats to the fishing cats. Shaikh outlines the primary challenges:

1. Habitat Loss: The degradation and loss of wetlands due to urbanization and agricultural expansion pose significant threats.

2. Human-Wildlife Conflict: As fishing cats venture closer to human settlements to hunt easier prey like poultry and small livestock, conflicts arise. Shaikh notes, "Most of the time, it's poultry with houses near wetlands. Providing proper chicken coops has been an effective solution," (09:30).

3. Pet Trade: Despite being larger and more aquatic than typical house cats, fishing cats are captured for the pet trade. Shaikh emphasizes the need for awareness to curb this practice.

To address these issues, the project collaborates with local communities, implementing practical solutions like secure poultry housing and raising awareness about the ecological importance of fishing cats. This grassroots approach not only reduces conflict but also fosters a sense of pride and responsibility towards local wildlife.

Expanding to Other Small Wildcats

While the project's name centers on fishing cats, Shaikh reveals a broader mission encompassing eight species of small wildcats in Pakistan, including jungle cats, caracals, sand cats, and Eurasian lynxes. Pakistan's diverse habitats—from coastal regions and deserts to riverine forests and Himalayan glaciers—support a remarkable variety of these elusive predators.

"We have eight species of small wildcats, and we suspect a ninth. Each requires targeted conservation efforts to ensure their survival," Shaikh states (08:30).

By dedicating resources to each species, the project aims to create a comprehensive conservation framework that addresses the unique needs and threats faced by each wildcat, thereby enhancing overall biodiversity.

Community Engagement and Local Empowerment

A pivotal aspect of Shaikh's strategy is empowering local researchers and communities. Recognizing the challenges posed by Pakistan's political instability and difficult terrains, especially in regions like the Kharan Desert, the project leverages local knowledge and dedication.

"Local researchers can navigate and monitor these remote areas more effectively than outsiders. Their unobtrusive presence allows for better data collection and minimizes disturbance to the wildlife," Shaikh explains (14:21).

This approach not only ensures safer and more efficient research but also builds local capacity for ongoing conservation efforts. By fostering local ownership, the project cultivates a sustainable model of wildlife protection that transcends individual initiatives.

Collaborations and Support from Conservation Organizations

Shaikh acknowledges the vital role of international organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in supporting their work. These collaborations have provided valuable guidance, resources, and advocacy strategies.

"WWF Pakistan was instrumental in our initial camera trapping efforts, helping us identify key regions for fishing cat populations," he notes (24:27).

Additionally, IUCN has assisted in advocacy for habitat protection, enabling the project to utilize their data effectively to influence local wildlife policies and the enforcement of environmental laws.

Challenges in the Conservation Landscape of Pakistan

Despite growing awareness and research efforts, Shaikh paints a sobering picture of the current state of conservation in Pakistan. He highlights the discrepancy between increasing knowledge and stagnant conservation actions.

"While research and awareness are on the rise, tangible conservation actions and protected area expansions are lagging," he states (25:56).

The establishment of protected areas is often hampered by bureaucratic inefficiencies and inadequate enforcement. Shaikh laments the lack of infrastructure and active management in existing national parks, which suffer from encroachment, illegal mining, and poor maintenance.

This disconnect between policy and practice underscores the urgent need for stronger political will and grassroots initiatives to translate research into meaningful conservation outcomes.

Future Directions and How to Support

Looking ahead, Shaikh emphasizes the importance of continued awareness-raising and community involvement. He encourages global listeners to support their efforts by spreading the word about the existence and plight of Pakistan's wildcats.

"Talking and sharing about these species helps us immensely. Raising awareness is just as crucial as our on-the-ground conservation actions," Shaikh urges (32:27).

Listeners are invited to engage with the project through donations, sharing information, and following their updates on social media platforms and the podcast's website. By fostering a global network of support, the project aims to amplify its impact and secure a future for Pakistan’s small wildcats.

Conclusion

Episode 152 of the Rewilding Earth podcast offers a compelling glimpse into the Indus Fishing Cat Project and the broader efforts to protect Pakistan's small wildcats. Zafir Ahmed Shaikh’s dedication exemplifies the critical intersection of research, community engagement, and advocacy in successful conservation initiatives. As the project continues to uncover and protect Pakistan’s hidden biodiversity, it serves as a beacon of hope for rewilding efforts worldwide.

Notable Quotes:

• "We started collecting records from anywhere and everywhere we could find them. In just one year, we confirmed that fishing cats were much more widespread in the country than previously thought." – Zafir Ahmed Shaikh (01:46)

• "Most of the time, it's poultry with houses near wetlands. Providing proper chicken coops has been an effective solution." – Zafir Ahmed Shaikh (09:30)

• "We have eight species of small wildcats, and we suspect a ninth. Each requires targeted conservation efforts to ensure their survival." – Zafir Ahmed Shaikh (08:30)

• "Local researchers can navigate and monitor these remote areas more effectively than outsiders. Their unobtrusive presence allows for better data collection and minimizes disturbance to the wildlife." – Zafir Ahmed Shaikh (14:21)

• "While research and awareness are on the rise, tangible conservation actions and protected area expansions are lagging." – Zafir Ahmed Shaikh (25:56)

• "Talking and sharing about these species helps us immensely. Raising awareness is just as crucial as our on-the-ground conservation actions." – Zafir Ahmed Shaikh (32:27)

For a deeper dive into the fascinating work of Zafir Ahmed Shaikh and the Indus Fishing Cat Project, visit rewilding.org/pod and explore the episode's additional resources.