Fort Sauerkraut: North Dakota’s Strange, Ill-Planned Origin Story

Summary

Ridiculous History – “Fort Sauerkraut: North Dakota’s Strange, Ill-Planned Origin Story”

Podcast: Ridiculous History (iHeartPodcasts)
Hosts: Ben Bowlin & Noel Brown
Episode Date: April 9, 2026

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Episode Overview

This episode dives into the bizarre, little-known, and frankly, “ridiculous” tale of Fort Sauerkraut—a makeshift defensive structure hastily built by panicked German homesteaders in late-19th century Hebron, North Dakota, stocked with barrels of sauerkraut. Through humor, banter, and sharp historical insight, hosts Ben and Noel explore North Dakota’s overlooked history, a moral panic triggered by the Ghost Dance movement, and the odd legacy of fear that led to Fort Sauerkraut’s creation.

“We are so close to doing one episode… about every state in the United States of America. This is our penultimate one. This is second to last: North Dakota.”
— Ben Bowlin, [02:01]

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Key Discussion Points & Insights

Setting the Stage: North Dakota Primer

• Sparsely Populated Frontier
  • North Dakota is highlighted as one of the least visited, most sparsely populated states in the US (under 800,000 people as of 2024). [05:30]
  • Fargo, its largest city, is specifically called out but debunked as inaccurately depicted in pop culture (notably the film/series “Fargo”). [05:49]

“People don’t really talk like that in North Dakota.”
— Noel Brown, [06:09]

• Early Inhabitants and Colonization

  • Long history of Indigenous peoples (Mandan, Hidatsa, Arikara, Ojibwa/Chippewa, Cree, Sioux, Assinibon, and more), already living along the Missouri River before Europeans arrived. [08:21]
  • Only in the mid-1700s did European traders (French Canadians, later Lewis & Clark) reach the area. [08:21]

• History of Settlement and Displacement

  • Introduction of traders brought unfamiliar goods and devastating diseases, such as smallpox (Mandan tribe population plummeted from 1,800 to 125 in 1837). [14:43]
  • Settlers “favored” by the new government arrived en masse after the Homestead Act (1862), displacing Native populations and sparking the “Dakota Boom” in wheat farming and railway construction. [17:49]

“They were invaders who called themselves settlers, if that sounds familiar.”
— Ben Bowlin, [12:39]

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The Ghost Dance Panic & Fort Sauerkraut

Ghost Dance Movement and Settler Panic

• After the defeat and forced surrender of leaders like Sitting Bull (1875), tribes were pushed onto reservations, often on undesirable and depleted land. [25:44]
• In the late 1880s, a spiritual revival—the Ghost Dance—swept through tribes in the Dakotas, promising hope and a return to old ways via peaceful ritual. [26:33]
• Settlers’ paranoia and sensationalist press, however, warped these peaceful gatherings into “evidence” of an impending uprising, triggering a regional panic. [28:17]

“It’s very troublingly similar in some ways to the great discrimination against people of the Islamic faith post-9/11… Very similar here.”
— Ben Bowlin, [29:37]

Fort Sauerkraut: Ridiculous Defense

• In November 1890, German homesteaders in Hebron, North Dakota, gripped by fear over the rumored uprising, sent women and children to Bismarck and scrambled to build a fort. [32:53]
• Lacking traditional resources, settlers improvised: sod walls, railroad tie roof, and, notably, barrels of sauerkraut—preserved cabbage, a staple from necessity—stocked the fort. [33:10]

“Their fort is 100 ft. long, 7 ft. high, and it is stocked with the other stuff that they have in abundance—frankly, kegs of sauerkraut.”
— Ben Bowlin, [33:43]

• Dr. Coe, a contemporary visitor, described their defense: wires to trip “sneaky” invaders, barbed wire, rifle pits, and tunnels—much more about panic than practicality. [41:09]
• The townspeople waited for an attack that never came. The “threat” was a misunderstanding; friendly Indigenous people proved to be allies, not invaders. The panic, and the fort full of sauerkraut, eventually fizzled out with embarrassed relief. [43:37]

“At night, the townspeople hunkered down inside the local church. But the attacks that they were convinced were on the way never actually happened…they spent months and months in fear. And eventually they realized they’d been hoaxed.”
— Ben Bowlin, [44:34]

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Historical Reflection & Contemporary Echoes

• The story of Fort Sauerkraut is not just about a funny oddity, but also about how fear, misinformation, and racism fueled pointless panic and wasteful actions (and how “history repeats itself”). [13:29], [32:09]
• The episode draws clear analogies to modern-day moral panics and the persistent problem of “information asymmetry.”

“They did not, again, think of indigenous or native peoples as people. They thought of them as somehow monstrous or subhuman, despite the fact that clearly the Europeans were the aggressors.”
— Ben Bowlin, [32:53]

• Today, Hebron is a small, quiet town, its “Brick City” nickname replacing the old “Fort Sauerkraut” infamy. The “fort” has been reconstructed as a local historic curiosity (visit and BYO sauerkraut!). [49:13]

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Notable Quotes & Memorable Moments

• “One guy was in such haste that he went several miles before he discovered his family bounced out of the wagon.” – Ben Bowlin (from Father Faller’s accounts), [32:09]
• “Sauerkraut… is a bit of a struggle food itself.” – Ben Bowlin, [44:58]
• “This is darker than maybe one might expect an episode about a delightful condiment, maybe.” – Noel Brown, [45:11]

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Timestamps for Key Segments

| Segment | Timestamps | |--------------------------------------------|----------------| | Fargo and North Dakota Primer | 05:30–08:08 | | Early European/Native Encounters | 08:21–13:29 | | Homestead Act, Settlement, Wheat Boom | 16:10–19:52 | | Native Dispossession & Reservations | 25:44–28:17 | | Ghost Dance Movement & Moral Panic | 28:17–32:09 | | Hebron's Panic / Building Fort Sauerkraut | 32:09–34:22 | | Contemporary Reports (Dr. Coe, Father Faller) | 41:09–43:37 | | Fort Sauerkraut’s Anti-Climax | 44:34–44:58 | | Legacy and Present-Day Hebron | 49:13–50:51 |

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Closing Thoughts

Ridiculous History’s treatment of “Fort Sauerkraut” is both comic and sobering—a tale of how bigotry, wild rumor, and cultural misunderstanding literally built walls (of sod and pickled cabbage) that never needed to exist. It’s a profound, occasionally absurd reminder that what seems ridiculous in hindsight was often rooted in very real, very human anxieties.

“Thanks to everybody who’s snarfing some sauerkraut right now. And thanks to you, Noel, all you crowd snarfers out there.”
— Ben Bowlin, [50:54]

Recommendation: For history fans who enjoy quirky stories with real substance—and anyone who likes their lessons with a side of kraut.

Transcript

[Ben Bullen]

Ridiculous History is a production of iHeartradio. Welcome back to the show, fellow ridiculous historians. Thank you as always, so much for tuning, tuning in. Let's hear it for the man, the myth, the demigod, our super producer, Mr. Max Williams.

[Noel Brown]

Max Krautman. Williams. Max Krautrock Williams.

[Ben Bullen]

There we go. And those puns are coming to us from none other than the one and only Mr. Noel Brown. Right.

[Noel Brown]

Noel Krautrock Brown.

[Ben Bullen]

Right. They call me Ben Bullen for tax purposes.

[Alex Williams]

Kraut rock.

[Noel Brown]

Unless anybody think I'm being slurry. Kraut rock is a widely accepted genre of music. It's a real thing. It's a real thing. Like the band can or noy. A lot of they use what Alex Williams often loves to refer to as motoric beats. Very repetitive and kind of trancy. Really, really great stuff. Huge Cannes fan.

[Ben Bullen]

Yeah. They encounter what I would call similar to semantic satiation, a kind of rhythmic satiation where you start to get lost in the beat. We're not talking about kraut rock today. We are talking about sauerkraut, but perhaps not in the way you imagine. This is one. In our continuing conversation with Sufjohn Stevens, we are so close to doing one episode of least one episode about every state in the United States of America.

[Noel Brown]

I thought we'd done done that. Ok, I guess we're not. Not yet.

[Ben Bullen]

We're very first.

[Noel Brown]

We're first for North Dakota.

[Ben Bullen]

This penultimates one. This is second to last.

[Alex Williams]

We have one left.

[Noel Brown]

We have one left after this and what is it?

[Ben Bullen]

Spoil it.

[Noel Brown]

Oh, we're not okay. Yeah, I don't know the answer, so it'll be. We'll be surprised together, y'.

[Ben Bullen]

All.

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[Noel Brown]

Ben, I think you know that our bags aren't quite packed yet, but our brains sure are because we've got this incredible trip planned to Baha Mar in Nassau.

[Ben Bullen]

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Yeah, you've got a massive casino, live music, a 15 acre water park.

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There's excited and then there's Baja Mar. Excited.

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[Ben Bullen]

So our second to last one is North Dakota. Most of us in the audience tonight, statistically speaking, have not visited North Dakota. It is one of the most sparsely populated states in the Union Counting Alaska.

[Noel Brown]

Is that where Fargo is?

[Ben Bullen]

Fargo is in North Dakota.

[Noel Brown]

Okay. Okay. Famously depicted in the Coen brothers film of the same name, where everyone talks like they're from Minnesota because it was the closest accent, most recognizable and quirky accent they could. They could come up with. Yeah, it works great.

[Ben Bullen]

Yeah.

[Noel Brown]

People don't really talk like that in North Dakota.

[Ben Bullen]

Phenomenal. Phenomenal series. Yeah. For the. For the few.

[Noel Brown]

Ceres is great, too.

[Ben Bullen]

Living North Dakotans in the crowd tonight. You already know Fargo is by far the most populous city in North Dakota. And just to give us. And I have been Just to give us all a sense of how few people we're talking about, the population of Fargo was estimated to be a little bit north of 136,000 in 2024.

[Noel Brown]

Okay. Watch out for wood chippers. That's all I'll say about that.

[Ben Bullen]

Yeah. And watch out for, you know, if in the. If you're in a Fargo series and you meet anybody who looks remotely like Billy Bob Thornton, do not trust them.

[Noel Brown]

Chaos.

[Ben Bullen]

Right?

[Noel Brown]

Man, what a show.

[Ben Bullen]

North Dakota. So we said what we say a little bit. A little bit south of 140,000 for Fargo. This is the thing I almost say country. It is a land to itself. The population of the state entire as of last year, was still less than 800,000 people. And it's a very big place. It's a place that often gets ignored in a lot of conversations. Here's how we get to today's episode, our North Dakota episode, courtesy of our research associate, Max Williams. Because of racism, paranoia, and, as Max puts it, an able supply of fermented cabbage, which we'll get to. Or the German originated homesteaders of Hebron, North Dakota, have brought us this episode of about the 39th state in the country.

[Noel Brown]

They brought it to us in a series of mason jars.

[Ben Bullen]

Right. Just like Alex Williams and his infamous homage to George Washington's nog. All right.

[Noel Brown]

Noggin Kraut.

[Ben Bullen]

Noggin Kraut. Classic, Alex. So if we go to our friends at Britannica, we'll see that Europeans are largely acknowledged to have reached the territory of what we call present day North Dakota in the mid-1700s. That might surprise some people because it's pretty far west, but when they went there, this place was already around. It was already well populated by various indigenous or tribes or first peoples. The Mandan, the Hidassah, the Arakawa were settled along the Missouri River.

[Noel Brown]

The Ojibwa, who were locally referred to as the Chippewa or Anishinaabe, as well, as the Kree. Not to be confused with the adversarial race of aliens from the Marvel Universe.

[Ben Bullen]

Right, yeah. And are they adversarial or are they looking out for themselves?

[Noel Brown]

Ooh, good call. Aren't they the ones from the secret war? The Kree?

[Ben Bullen]

The Kree. The Kree are a famous cosmic empire in the Marvel Universe.

[Noel Brown]

I just remember them from the Guardians of the Galaxy.

[Ben Bullen]

Yes, yeah. And there they were sort of coded as fundamentalist or religious extremist like Borg.

[Noel Brown]

They were one to assimilate. They were very aggressive conquerors, kind of. Right.

[Ben Bullen]

Well, the thing that bothered me about the way the Kree are represent. I did not intend for this to happen today.

[Noel Brown]

It's okay. This is how we roll.

[Ben Bullen]

The way the Kree are represented in the Guardians of the Galaxy is problematic because one of the prime antagon as the guy named Ronan the Accuser, you'll

[Noel Brown]

see played by Lee Pace.

[Ben Bullen]

Yes, amazing actor. You'll see him being prepared for his day as a villain in a way that is very similar to the way royalty in Gulf countries are dressed up for the day. He has attendants who are perfuming him

[Noel Brown]

and putting that war paint on him.

[Ben Bullen]

Yeah, yeah, yeah, they are. They are for. There's a better word for it. But they are baptizing him a little bit in precious oils and sprayed aromatics and powders upon him. Anyway, the Kree are the Kree in Marvel comicdom. Is not what we're talking about there to.

[Noel Brown]

No, it's not. But that was a very respectable aside. If I.

[Ben Bullen]

If I may say, it's a phenomenal franchise too. Please check it out. If you haven't had a chance to watch. Alongside these groups we've named earlier, there were other civilizations. Groups of Sioux, the Assinibon, the Yangton, the Wapaton, the Teton. They inhabited areas in the north, southeast and west of this region. Again, we're getting that from Britannica. The first encounters were largely meet and greets, mercantile things. French Canadian fur traders and then folks like Lewis and Clark. They pass through what would become Dakota in 1804. Ooh.

[Noel Brown]

And I think we mentioned before, if you want a fun sci fi spin on that, do check out Manifest Destiny, the comic book series.

[Ben Bullen]

Oh yes. Man, I love that. Have you checked that one out?

[Noel Brown]

I've only read the first handful of issues, but I need to get back to it. It's very, very cool.

[Ben Bullen]

It's so cool. Do check it out and remember it's a work of fiction, but it is very loosely based on Fact.

[Noel Brown]

Anyway, it's commenting on a lot of the things that we're talking about right here in terms of the, like, the ick of it all.

[Ben Bullen]

Very much so. And as. As the story goes, our pals Lewis and Clark are really impressed with how friendly the locals are. They end up constructing Fort Mandan M a n D a n. Pardon any accidental mandarin on my part. And there they spent the winter of 1804-1805. But Manifest Destiny, to your point, Noel, was very much a priority of the American experiment. So these newly minted Americans started getting more and more into the territory. They were. They were invaders who called themselves settlers, if that sounds familiar.

[Noel Brown]

Yep, it does. And we're not here to rag on the conquering Europeans too, too much. But I mean, it's hard to talk about it without at least giving it a mention. I know people give us flack sometimes for being like, oh, back in the day, things were so problematic. Well, they were, they were, but that's not where you're.

[Ben Bullen]

Everybody smelled bad, disease was rampant, people went hungry. Your favorite beat me here, Max. Your favorite world leaders got punked by groups of rabbits. Okay. That's how history is.

[Noel Brown]

I know. And, and, and I know how history repeats itself.

[Public Investing Representative]

Yeah.

[Alex Williams]

To jump in here, future historians are probably going to be talking about these current times like that as well.

[Noel Brown]

Oh, yeah.

[Alex Williams]

That pissed somebody off, me saying that.

[Ben Bullen]

I don't know. I don't know. I. I mean, I hear that people have feelings, but I'm not familiar with that on a personal level. We know that. Look, we know that. Again, as you were saying, old tale as old as time. These new invasions or these new encroaching populations bring in new culture. They bring in unfamiliar technology, unfamiliar diseases and vices. So in the 1820s and the 1830s, these American traders, T R A D E R s are bringing in guns, kettles, manufactured goods like axes, blankets. They're also bringing manufactured goods like liquor. And they' accidentally bringing things like disease.

[Noel Brown]

Yeah, yeah, accidentally for sure. But also, you know, the old conspiracy theory. There's that for sure, but at the very least, not really given to flips about who would get hurt by their presence and behavior. Right.

[Ben Bullen]

Because for the most part, outside of a few missionaries, these folks aren't thinking of the existing population as fellow human beings. And there's an economic sea change, a paradigm shift. Native Americans become dependent upon these traders and their trade networks for supplies. And in the process of exposure to disease, exposure to hard alcohol, things like that, a lot of people who are totally innocent Die the smallpox epidemic in 1837. Just this initial exposure reduced the Mandan population of North Dakota from about 1800 to 125 in less than a year, in just a few months. And these folks who were previously, you know, had lived there for thousands of years, these folks previously welcomed newcomers, but they began to grow more hostile when they said, hey, maybe the new guys don't have have our best interest at heart. Maybe their vibe is fake or manufactured. And steamboat traffic increases because gold is discovered in Montana in 1862. And so the U.S. army, again, still kind of newly minted, starts building forts along the river to protect these resources.

[Noel Brown]

That's right. And in 1876, Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer, who you may have heard of, along with the 7th Cavalry, set out from Fort Abraham Lincoln, just a little bit south of present day Mandan. And this is again coming from our pals over at Britannica. I'm paraphrasing loosely here. So in order to set out for a very, very, very fortuitous encounter with the Sioux and the Cheyenne at a pretty famous altercation called the Battle of Little Bighorn. One of my favorite oxymorons, by the way, which was fought in present day Montana.

[Ben Bullen]

Yeah. And as we know, things didn't work out for George. But one dead colonel doesn't stop the show, and it definitely never stopped Uncle Sam. So the westward expansion continues. The fur trade is starting to decline by the 1860s, well before the fateful days of Custer. And Anglo's settlement begins in earnest in 1871, partially due to the fact that railroads have reached the red river from St. Paul and Duluth, Minnesota. So we get a bunch of pioneers who are not rich people, but they have been favored by this new growing government under something called the Homestead act of 1862. So they show up en masse and they say, hey, you know, the folks back east said that this land is my land. This land, a bit of a land grab your land.

[Noel Brown]

No, Right, exactly.

[Ben Bullen]

We're farming wheat here. And this is where we go to something historians call the Dakota boom. From 1878 to 1886, giant farms are running across the land. North Dakota wheat became the primary mover for the milling industry of Minneapolis, Minnesota.

[Noel Brown]

I'm picturing one of those progress montages from movies where it's just like a fast motion animation of like, just popping up all over the landscape. You know, farms and wheat fields.

[Ben Bullen]

I'm picturing. Yeah, I'm picturing similar to that. When you make a world wonder in the Civilization game series, you get that quick montage of people building the pyramid or whatever.

[Noel Brown]

Nice.

[Ben Bullen]

Yeah. But now it's just people farming in North Dakota and railways, of course, being built. The railways are government supported private interests with a lot of corruption, but they are not friends. So the Northern Pacific and the Great Northern Railway, for instance, they're Pepsi and Coke. They're two companies that are very similar but hate each other. So they were fighting with one another to lay track toward the richest grain centers. The farmers were united by their dependence on the wheat crop. And this led to, just a side note here, what we call the populist movement. It's not until 1861 that the Dakota territory is established. And then it gets divided in 1889 to north and South Dakota. In that same year, this former territory that is now two states gets official recognition and becomes part of the Union. It's November 2, 1889. Congratulations to you guys.

[Noel Brown]

Good job. Good hustle.

[Ben Bullen]

You did it. You did something.

[Noel Brown]

That's right. You did do something. And it was something. All right.

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[Public Investing Representative]

the show comes from Public, the investing platform for those who take it seriously. On public, you can build a multi asset portfolio of stocks, bonds, options, crypto and now generated assets which allow you to turn any idea into an investable index. With AI, it all starts with your prompt. From renewable energy companies with high free cash flow to semiconductor suppliers growing revenue over 20% year over year. You can literally type any prompt and put the AI to work. It screens thousands of stocks, builds a one of a kind index and lets you back test it against the S&P 500. Then you can invest in a few clicks. Generated assets are like ETFs with infinite possibilities. Possibilities completely customizable and based on your thesis, not someone else's. Go to public.com podcast and earn an uncapped 1% bonus when you transfer your portfolio. That's public.com podcast paid for by Public Investing Brokerage Services by Open to the Public Investing Inc. Member FINRA and SIPC Advisory Services by Public Advisors, llc. SEC Registered Advisor Generated Assets is an interactive analysis tool. Output is for informational purposes only and is not an investment recommendation or advice. Complete disclosures available at public.com disclosures this

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[Noel Brown]

So now that we've set the scene, let's talk a little bit about the panic. You know we love a moral panic, Ben, that led to the Kraut.

[Ben Bullen]

Ah yes. And to to get to this part of the story, we're going to lean on our pal Mary Helm from Prairie Public Newsroom, a subsidiary of pbs. I don't know about you guys, but I'm a fan of public broadcasting, also

[Noel Brown]

known as Prairie Mary.

[Ben Bullen]

That's right, Prairie Mary Helm. It's fun.

[Noel Brown]

Yeah. No, huge, huge PBS fans over here. And I think didn't we just discuss that there was a court decision that overturned the defunding?

[Ben Bullen]

We haven't talked about it, but yes, the news just came out.

[Noel Brown]

I would say that's it's a win. We talked about it on stuff they don't want you to know. Strange news last time we reported.

[Ben Bullen]

Ah, you gotta take the win where you can get them.

[Noel Brown]

You truly do, Ben. You truly do. So the Dakota Territory Indian wars ended when Sitting bull surrendered at Fort Beaufort in 1875. And that is when the tribes were essentially kicked off their land officially and placed in reservations, which was basically the also ran land, the land that the settlers didn't want. Also areas where wild game that they relied on, of course for their of life as hunter gatherers had been hunted to near extinction. Not good.

[Ben Bullen]

Yeah, this did not end well.

[Noel Brown]

Obviously the this is Trail of Tears, Right.

[Ben Bullen]

This is similar to those systemic extermination programs. There's no reason to call them anything else. The US Government promised these again, innocent people rations and supplies, but the Bureau of Indian affairs was Russian level corrupt. So we don't know if these items actually made it to the reservations. If they did, they were remnants because so many people were taking their little vigorous on the path from east to West. By 1890, as a result of this, there was. I get a little choked up talking about this. There was a human created famine. This did not have to happen. But due to Uncle Sam's actions, there was widespread starvation on reservations where again, as you said, the Native American populations were pushed under threat of torture and death. This is where we see folks like the Paiute Wovoka who proclaimed that, hey, we were here first. We can arise, we can lean on our old traditions. We have been here for thousands of years. We can conduct a great ritual called the Ghost Dance. And people traveled from Indian communities in the Dakota Territory to learn more. This movement is peaceful, to be clear. It's not like a religious fundamentalist thing. The idea is that the Ghost Dance promises a messiah and a return of the buffalo through songs, dances and visions. This did get politically weaponized. And we also have to keep in mind that the buffalo was almost driven extinct by the European powers at the

[Noel Brown]

time over hunting and without any sense of the continuum of the ecosystem. And of course, the First Nation folks were very aware of and were just. The conservation was sort of part of the equation as far as they were concerned. But then you have these forces coming in from outside, not thinking about the big picture at all. Surprise, surprise, and just kind of willy nilly, you know, hunting as they saw fit without any forward thinking, you know, plans for how that would affect others or even themselves.

[Ben Bullen]

Yeah, and some of the, we could call them activists, some of the people were a little bit more militant and saw the Ghost Dance as a threat to the increasingly normalized European culture. Right. A threat to take back all those lands that were, we'll be honest, stolen from them. And as a result, journalists latch onto this European journalist and they say the Ghost Dance is reaching Standing Rock. There's a Standing Rock agent named James McLachlan who assures settlers everything's under control. These newspaper stories are rumors. But by November 15, rumors had Mandan, which at this point was a town 60 miles east of, of Erban, North Dakota, where a story takes place. The rumors in November 15 had people in a widespread panic. We're talking Women and children fleeing across the river to Bismarck. Volunteer militias springing up to fight for our land. And news spreads to other towns in the areas. People who are in political office or people who are good faith authorities of law are trying to protect friendly tribes from random violence. It's very troublingly similar in some ways to the great discrimination against people of the Islamic faith post 9 11, where we saw people getting beat up and assaulted just because they go to a mosque.

[Noel Brown]

Right. Or even for praying in public or what have you. That very innocuous and sacred activity was associated with violence because of, you know, bad faith reporting, frankly, you know, and folks that were going out of their way to connect that type of thing, like the idea of Allah Akbar, with terrorist activities. Very similar here. This is a religious. A peaceful religious practice, this Ghost Dance. And it seems that it was painted as some sort of of warring ritual or something like that. Right, right.

[Ben Bullen]

It was propagandized. Yeah. We can see this in books like the Indian Scare of 1890 by Father Lewis Faller, who writes, quote, one of the most unique of the stories coming out of the scare was that of Hebron and its famous Fort Sauerkraut. So as soon as Hebron starts to panic around November 17, thanks to Telegraph warnings about the Ghost Dance movement and passage, a bunch of young guys in the area jump on their horses, they ride across the prairie. In their minds, they're like Paul Revere. They're warning settlers. But this time it's the Indians, not the British, who are coming. And Fuller says, look, these wagons rattle over rough terrain toward Hebron. One guy was in such haste that he went several miles before he discovered his family bounced out of the wagon. Great, great setup.

[Noel Brown]

Okay, Bounce right on out of the wagon. I think I heard mention of Fort Sauerkraut.

[Ben Bullen]

Ah, yes. Yeah, let's explain that. All right, let's go to Atlas Obscura, courtesy of the journalist Ian Lefkowitz.

[Noel Brown]

Lefkowitz writes, in late November 1890, the town of Hebron, North Dakota, was not yet a decade old, and yet it was seized by fear. Rumors had been spreading across the region that a group of hostile Lakota people had fled the Standing Rock Reservation to the south and were attacking towns on their way. When the mostly German homesteaders who lived in Hebron received telegram warnings of an impending attack, they were gripped with terror.

[Ben Bullen]

Right, yeah. Because they were functioning under what we call information asymmetry. They did not, again, think of indigenous or native peoples as people. They thought of them as somehow monstrous or subhuman despite the fact that clearly the Europeans were the aggressors in all these conflicts. So these German homesteaders send women and children to Bismarck and they rush to build a fort to protect themselves. However, these are generally going to be agrarian populations, right? These are not military populations. So they don't have a ton of the supplies that you would ordinarily need when constructing a fort. They have to get creative with their fort construction. They have to MacGyver it a little bit. So what they do is since they don't have lumber and they don't have guns, they create essentially a makeshift shelter on the tallest hilltop they can find. And they use sod for walls. They use railroad ties for a roof. They shelter in place. They bunker down. This fort is 100ft long, 7ft high, and it is stocked with the other stuff that they have in abundance, which is, frankly, kegs of sauerkraut. This episode of ridiculous history is brought to you by Pesti Ben.

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This episode of Ridiculous History is brought to you by Baja Mar.

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[Noel Brown]

Yeah, I mean, it's, it's a similar story to what we hear. Oftentimes the way kind of culturally significant food st are created is usually out of necessity fermenting things to keep them from going bad, stuff like that. And that's exactly what's going on here. Cause we have these barrels of sauerkraut, which is a way of preserving the copious amounts of cabbage that they had and keep them from spoiling.

[Ben Bullen]

Yeah. And brief aside about sauerkraut, for anybody who's not aware, sauerkraut is the German word for sour cabbage. It is, as you said, nol, fermented finely cut raw white cabbage. It has a couple of different spins you can put on it, but the sour flavor is due to the fermenting bacteria and the lactic acid that it forms. Side note, if you want to cook cabbage for yourself at home, folks, make sure to get some caraway seeds. That's going to help with the smell.

[Noel Brown]

Is that right?

[Ben Bullen]

Yeah.

[Noel Brown]

Oh wow. What a cool kitchen hack. I didn't know about that Ben, I've never messed with a caraway seed before.

[Ben Bullen]

Ah, well, have you messed with the sauerkraut?

[Noel Brown]

I do. You know, it's not my favorite thing in the whole wide world. I do like it on a dog.

[Ben Bullen]

It's like a relish.

[Noel Brown]

It's like a relish. I like it as a condiment. I certainly wouldn't, like, eat it on its own, but I think of it as a bit of a condiment. Our buddy Frank, friend of the show when we used to live together back in the day, he would make his own craft. He was a huge fan of the kraut, and he would just eat that stuff, you know, by the fist.

[Ben Bullen]

I could tell. Yeah, it's something in the eyes. So. All right, so the Mandan Pioneer publishes this account on November 30th of the same year about a guy named Dr. Coe visiting the fort. And he says, look, these folks are showing a vast amount of pluck and energy, preparing against the possible danger from an attack. Fort Sauerkraut, as we're calling it. Their first line of defense was a bunch of wires they were strung to trip enemies who might be sneaking around in the dark during a new moon. And inside that, there was a five strand barbed wire fence. And then there were rifle pits, which are kind of like the underground version of siege windows on a castle, where it's narrow enough that you can shoot an arrow without maybe getting shot yourself. So these rifle pits connect to underground tunnels that lead to the inside of the fort. And the sod walls are, you know, stretching hundreds of feet across. Inside there, we have the actual fortification, 100ft long, 8ft deep. This is to house the women and children who didn't. Didn't get away.

[Noel Brown]

Yeah. And as our buddy Max points out, history, it often leaves some things up to the imagination because it's not always 100% accurate. And typically, the version of events that we get are, you know, reported by the victors or, you know, folks in power, often with political motivations.

[Ben Bullen]

Right. Like, weren't all the women and children sent to Bismarck? Why are we. Why do we have this fortification? To protect them, for sure.

[Noel Brown]

And speaking of figures of authority telling the tale, we've got this religious figure, Father Faller, who is writing. One day, the scouts were aroused by an ominous cloud of dust which sent the people scurrying to the fort. Alarm grew when they could see the cloud raisers were Indians bedecked in feathers. Fortunately, Swen Swenson, which is a fantastic name, recognized them as friendly Indians from the Fort Berthold Reservation, probably Gross Ventress. Under Sitting Owl, the visiting Indians put the beleaguered settlers at ease by volunteering to help them fight the Sioux and mingled freely with the fort builders.

[Ben Bullen]

Right, which is a great observation from old Father Fowler there because a lot of people got caught up in this anti native propaganda and they forgot that these are very complex, very long lived communities who are not monolithic thick. They don't all like each other. So maybe our pals who are under Sitting Owl already were looking for a reason to hate the Sioux. You know what I mean? An enemy of my enemy is my friend. At least temporarily. And so for weeks on end, these groups were preparing for this supposedly impending doom, this inescapable danger. At night, in the evening, the townspeople hunkered down inside the local church. But the attacks that they were convinced were on the way never actually happened. Instead, they spent months and months in fear. And eventually they realized that they had been hoaxed.

[Noel Brown]

So the Ghost Dance movement that created this satanic panic was officially and tragically announced, annihilated at the Wounded Knee massacre.

[Ben Bullen]

Yeah, yeah. And as, as our pal Max points out, this is dark, but also sauerkraut, which I would, I would argue in response is a bit of a struggle. Food itself.

[Noel Brown]

No, it's true. It's a little darker than maybe one might expect an episode about a delightful condiment, maybe.

[Alex Williams]

Yeah, that, that statement right there was more me just stating out loud how I'm like, oh, Fort Sauerkraut. This sounds interesting.

[Ben Bullen]

Are you a sauerkraut eye?

[Alex Williams]

Precondition.

[Ben Bullen]

Yes, precondition. You can't have sauerkraut because of the condition.

[Alex Williams]

Oh yeah, it's the, the whole aging and brining it. No, that, that's.

[Ben Bullen]

No, one day we're going to do an episode on like the three things you can eat.

[Alex Williams]

Max, my brother wants to do a chronic hives podcast.

[Noel Brown]

It's pretty niche.

[Ben Bullen]

That is Alex Williams, our composer for, for this, for this show. Show. We do want to take it to the present because it is informed by the past. If you go to the town that we're mentioning here, you'll see it is still alive and well. If you go to hebronnd.org, and again, pardon my pronunciation, you'll see it is calling itself the Brick City. A perfect typical small town, usa, Rich in amenities, a location convenient to larger cities like Bismarck and Dickinson. So they're fine. It's rural. It's about two miles from Interstate 94. It's on the Old Red 10 Old 10 Scenic Byway.

[Noel Brown]

Love it.

[Ben Bullen]

Know it well, know it well. Yeah. Where would we be without it? The original fort is obviously not there anymore, but you can visit a recreation of the fort today. And we love seeing recreations of things. They're very big throughout the Southeast. I love going to the recreation. They recreated like old famous guy's home and old fort and so on. Noel, did you ever go to one of those reenactment villages?

[Noel Brown]

You know, I never have been, but I did go to, I want to say it was Woodrow Wilson's house in New York City, his apartment. And it was, you know, qu. Realistically recreated like it was the actual building. But I think it was actually a lot of it was damaged in a fire. So some really eagle eyed historians used all the historical context clues they could to make it as accurate as possible. And you can totally take a walk through it and it really is like, you know, going traveling back in time.

[Ben Bullen]

Nice. I also want to give a special shout out to our pal Mark Kendall, who years and years ago, before he became as famous as he is now, Mark had a gig as a reenactor at an old school Georgia plantation. And Mark is a black man. He's hung out with us on several different shows and so on. And to hear his story of his experience as a reenactor there, it's worth a listen. So check out Eddie's show that you see his name attached to. We also know know if you find yourself in North Dakota, this recreation of the fort is family friendly, self guided tours, free admission. You can just rock up and check out a little bit of history for yourself. You do have to byos bring your own sauerkraut for sure.

[Noel Brown]

Yeah, exactly.

[Ben Bullen]

With that. Big, big thanks to you fellow ridiculous historians, most importantly and most eternal for tuning in. Big thanks to our super producer and research associate for this episode, Mr. Max Williams. And big thanks to kraut rock fan Alex Williams.

[Noel Brown]

100%.

[Ben Bullen]

Do you think Jonathan Strickland, aka the Quizzter eats sauerkraut, Noel?

[Noel Brown]

Oh, surely not. Or surely so I'm not sure which one is more villainous.

[Ben Bullen]

How does he fit into. How does sauerkraut fit into our meme profile? Love it.

[Noel Brown]

Tbd. Tbd. I know a lot of people like sauerkraut, but it also, you know, is often depicted as sort of like a funky food that might yield some bad breath or like, you know, a Dickensian character who eats raw onions or something like that. That's how I'm using it in this, in this context.

[Ben Bullen]

Well, we could definitely say that Jonathan Strickland, AKA the Quizzer, is nothing more than awesome dude, but very much a sauerkraut.

[Noel Brown]

Oh, and also real quick, y', all, when I mentioned the presidential historic home that I visited in New York City wasn't Woodrow Wilson, got myself confused there. It was Theodore Roosevelt's birthplace National Historic Site. And it was recreated, you know, again, to be completely period accurate as much as they possibly could. And it is a really cool hang and it is under. Gosh, who knows if that's the case anymore or how that works, but when I went, it was under the. The National Parks Service. So you literally had a park ranger in a New York City kind of brownstone giving you a tour, which I thought was kind of neat.

[Ben Bullen]

I'm a huge fan of mps. Also, if you happen to find yourself in Georgia looking for something to do, take a day trip with us to Warm Springs, Georgia. That's. That's a pretty fascinating bit of presidential history as well. Big thanks to AJ Bahamas Jacobs, aka the Bahamas. Big thanks to Dr. Rachel Big Spinach Lance, of course, the rude dudes of ridiculous crime. If you dig us, you'll love them. Who else? Christopher Haciotes.

[Noel Brown]

Gosh, yes. Eve Jeffcoats here in spirit.

[Ben Bullen]

And thanks also to everybody who's snarfing some sauerkraut right now. And thanks to you, Noel, all you

[Noel Brown]

crowd snarfers out there. Thanks to you as well, Ben. We'll see you next time, folks. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. Ben, I think you know that our bags aren't quite packed yet, but our brains sure are because we've got this incredible trip planned to Baja Mar in Nassau.

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We're talking incredible food. Get this, over 45 restaurants and bars, folks. Plus beach days that turn into pool afternoons and nights that don't need a plan because they, yeah, you've got a

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There's excited and then there's Baha Mar. Excited.

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