Podcast
Rubbish Talk
Hosted by Alasdair Meldrum and Jane Bond from Albion Environmental Ltd · EN
The Rubbish Talk podcast is brought to you by staff from Albion Environmental, to widen the conversation about managing waste and resources in the UK. Each episode will interview a new guest who plays an important role within the waste and resource management industry. We will discuss everything from career journeys, balancing work and personal life, and generally just talk some rubbish.
Get in touch by emailing hello@rubbishtalk.co.uk
Episodes released Thu. 4pm fortnightly.
LinkedIn: Albion Environmental
Latest industry news: www.industrynews.albion-environmental.co.uk
30episodes
Episodes
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Episode 110: Tina Jackson, Founder of Comply Digital, Jackson Consultants & the Technically Competent Managers Forum
3d ago00:45:59Tap to summarizeThis week on Rubbish Talk, Alasdair is joined by Tina Jackson, founder of Comply Digital, Jackson Consultants, and the Technically Competent Managers (TCM) Forum, for a fascinating conversation about compliance, confidence, and building better collaboration across the waste sector. Tina shares how she originally entered the industry through a commercial role in landfill and recycling after working in construction materials sales. Following a redundancy several years later, she unexpectedly found herself setting up her own consultancy business — something she admits was initially terrifying after spending 20 years employed. Five years on, the business has grown significantly, with Tina now supporting operators across the country through consultancy, TCM services and digital compliance systems.A big focus of the episode is the development of Comply Digital, a platform designed to help operators and TCMs manage compliance, site inspections and environmental responsibilities all in one place. Tina explains how the idea originally started as a way to streamline TCM reporting, but quickly evolved into a wider operational tool that gives businesses better visibility across multiple sites — from compliance actions and complaints to monitoring schedules and training records.The conversation also explores the growth of the TCM Forum, which Tina created after recognising a lack of shared knowledge and support within the sector. What started as an informal idea has grown into a network of more than 50 members, bringing together TCMs, environmental managers and operators to discuss legislation changes, consultations and industry challenges. Through the forum, members have even contributed feedback directly into discussions with the Environment Agency on permit and regulatory changes.A key theme throughout the episode is the importance of collaboration and confidence. Tina reflects on how many people in the sector feel isolated or worry they should know everything, when in reality sharing knowledge and asking questions is one of the biggest strengths the industry can have. She also discusses the value of networking, site visits and creating spaces where people can openly discuss challenges without judgement.The discussion naturally turns to some of the wider frustrations within waste management, particularly around inconsistency in regulation and enforcement. Tina and Alasdair both highlight how different interpretations and approaches across sites and regulators can create confusion, while poor enforcement of existing legislation continues to drive waste crime and bad practice.Towards the end of the episode, Tina shares her advice for anyone entering the waste sector: jump in, learn as much as you can, and don’t be afraid to ask questions. As she explains, waste management is far more innovative and complex than many people realise — and once you’re in the industry, it’s very hard to leave.A brilliant conversation covering compliance, collaboration, technology and confidence — and a reminder that the waste sector works best when knowledge is shared, not siloed. Useful Links:Jackson Consultants WebsiteCompli Digital Website
Transcribe →Episode 109: Henrik Webster, CEO, Aspect Labs Ltd
1w ago00:52:12Tap to summarizeThis week on Rubbish Talk, Alasdair is joined by Henrik Webster, CEO of Aspect Labs Ltd, to explore the often-overlooked relationship between the waste sector and insurance — particularly the growing challenges around fires, lithium-ion batteries, and risk management. Henrik shares his journey into insurance, starting in reinsurance back in 2013 before moving into the recycling insurance space. After seeing the challenges operators were facing firsthand, he co-founded his own Managing General Agent (MGA), eventually launching Aspect Labs in 2023. Today, the business specialises in property insurance for higher-risk sectors, including waste and recycling, while also developing its own technology and surveying services.A major focus of the conversation is how the waste sector has changed over the last decade — particularly with the rise of lithium-ion battery fires. Henrik explains how insurers increasingly pulled away from the recycling sector as claims and losses mounted, resulting in fewer providers, rising premiums, and stricter conditions for operators. While he acknowledges the insurance industry hasn’t always handled these changes well, he also highlights the scale of the challenge, with waste fires now seen as a major and ongoing risk.The discussion dives into the realities of insurance policies and why operators should pay closer attention to what they’re actually covered for. Henrik stresses the importance of reading policy wording carefully, understanding exclusions, and engaging with insurers earlier in the renewal process — rather than leaving it until the last minute. He explains that many policies are still based heavily on statistics and assumptions, but building relationships and allowing insurers to properly understand a site can help create more tailored and practical solutions.AI and technology are another big theme throughout the episode. Henrik believes that while regulation and public awareness are important, technology may ultimately provide the biggest breakthroughs in reducing fires — from AI systems capable of detecting lithium-ion batteries and off-gassing, to smarter risk management and monitoring tools. Aspect is already investing heavily in this area, both internally and through its own technology company.The conversation also explores wider business lessons, with Henrik reflecting on entrepreneurship, long-term thinking, and managing “existential risks” — major events like catastrophic fires that could shut down a business entirely. He also discusses emerging challenges for the sector, including solar panels on waste facility roofs, increasingly complex waste streams, and how modern legislation has transformed waste management into a far more technical and higher-risk industry.Towards the end of the episode, Henrik encourages younger people entering either insurance or waste to focus on relationships, communication and understanding the bigger picture. As AI automates more routine work, he believes the ability to collaborate, build trust, and solve problems across industries will become even more valuable.A fascinating episode that offers a rare insight into the insurance side of the waste industry — and highlights just how connected risk, regulation, technology and operations have become in the modern waste sector.Useful Links:Aspect Labs Ltd WebsiteHenrik Webster LinkedIn
Transcribe →Episode 108: Aaron McIntyre, Managing Director, AWD Environmental Ltd
2w ago00:34:27Tap to summarizeThis week on Rubbish Talk, Alasdair is joined by Aaron McIntyre, Managing Director of AWD Environmental Ltd, to dive into the world of hazardous waste, entrepreneurship, and building a business in the waste sector. Aaron shares his journey into waste, which began in a somewhat unexpected way. Starting out in a science role working with chemicals in a lab, he moved into hazardous waste during a period of uncertainty — and quickly realised it was an industry he genuinely enjoyed. From there, he built up extensive experience across transfer stations, treatment facilities, landfill operations and major projects, including decommissioning work and site set-ups, before eventually taking the leap to start his own company.Now nearly three years into running AWD Environmental, Aaron explains how the business has naturally evolved into two key areas: hazardous waste services and consultancy support for other operators. What started as a cautious step into self-employment has grown steadily, supported by industry relationships and a strong technical background.A key focus of the episode is hazardous waste — an area not often covered on the podcast. Aaron breaks down what it actually means in practice, explaining that anything with hazardous properties requires a far more controlled and regulated approach. Unlike general waste, hazardous materials can’t simply be collected and taken away — they require detailed pre-acceptance checks, documentation, and confirmed disposal routes before they even leave site. This can often come as a surprise to customers, particularly when dealing with unknown or poorly labelled materials.Aaron also reflects on his career path, from hands-on technical roles to site management and eventually running his own business. He shares honest insights into the realities of the industry — including learning from mistakes (sometimes the hard way!) and how taking on responsibility for others fundamentally changes your approach to safety.Looking ahead, Aaron is focused on growing the business further, with plans to expand both the operational and consultancy sides. He’s also exploring opportunities around technology and AI, looking at how systems and innovation could improve processes within the waste sector.The episode also touches on wider industry perceptions, with Aaron highlighting the frustration around misinformation — particularly the idea that “nothing gets recycled.” Having worked on sites that do genuinely good work, he emphasises the importance of helping people better understand what the industry can and can’t do, rather than oversimplifying or misrepresenting it.To wrap up, Aaron shares advice for those entering the sector: get involved, ask questions, and understand the “why” behind what you’re doing. Waste is far more complex than it appears, and taking the time to understand the bigger picture can make a huge difference in developing a career.A great episode that combines technical insight, real-world experience and honest reflections on building a business in the waste sector — and a fascinating look into the often unseen world of hazardous waste.
Transcribe →Episode 107: Kirstie MacDougall, Office & Training VQ Administrator, Albion Environmental
3w ago00:28:00Tap to summarizeThis week on Rubbish Talk, we do something long overdue — shining a spotlight on one of our own. Alasdair is joined by Kirstie MacDougall, Office & Training / VQ Administrator at Albion Environmental, to explore the world of waste training, qualifications, and what really goes on behind the scenes. Kirstie shares her journey into the sector, having joined Albion over seven years ago from a financial compliance background. Like many in waste, it wasn’t a career she initially planned — but the opportunity to make a real impact through training and development quickly drew her in. Her role now spans everything from organising site-based training courses to supporting individuals through qualifications, including the all-important Certificate of Technical Competence (COTC).A big focus of the episode is the launch of Albion’s “Smarter Pathway” — a new approach to helping candidates complete their qualifications. Developed in response to client feedback, the programme breaks learning down into manageable modules, combining short videos, workbooks and ongoing support. As Kirstie explains, many candidates struggle to balance their day-to-day roles with studying, so this new format allows them to learn in smaller chunks, at their own pace, while still building the knowledge needed for formal qualifications.The conversation also reflects on one of Albion’s standout recent projects — delivering Sustainable Resource Management training to Glasgow City Council staff. Working with a diverse group of candidates, from new starters to experienced operatives, the project highlighted both the challenges and the importance of building confidence and recognising the value of frontline roles. As Kirstie notes, one of the most common phrases was “I’m just a binman” — something the training worked hard to challenge, reinforcing the critical role these individuals play in keeping cities running.There’s also an honest look at the realities of training in the waste sector. From candidates who are nervous about returning to a classroom environment, to the practical challenges of fitting learning around busy site operations, Kirstie highlights the importance of flexibility, support and understanding individual needs.Beyond the day job, the episode offers a lighter insight into Kirstie’s life outside work — from strength training – with some seriously impressive weights! To playing in a brass band in the Salvation Army. It’s a reminder that the people behind the waste industry bring a wide range of skills and passions to the table.Looking ahead, the focus is on continuing to grow the Albion Academy, expanding training opportunities, and improving how knowledge is delivered across the sector. Kirstie also shares a simple but important message for anyone considering a career in waste: keep an open mind. The industry is far broader and more complex than many people realise, with huge opportunities to learn and develop.A great episode that lifts the lid on training, qualifications and the people supporting the sector behind the scenes — and a reminder that building knowledge is just as important as managing waste itself. Useful Links:Kirstie MacDougall LinkedInSmarter Pathway to CIWM (WAMITAB) CoTC
Transcribe →Episode 106: Henry Mathias, Tranent Wombles
Apr 1600:31:35Tap to summarizeThis week on Rubbish Talk, Alasdair is joined by Henry Mathias, Chair of the Tranent Wombles — a volunteer-led litter picking group set up during lockdown that has gone on to make a huge impact in their local community. Henry shares how the group began in 2020, when people were looking for safe ways to get outside and do something positive. What started as a simple Facebook group quickly grew into a network of volunteers, with over 1,000 members online and a core group regularly out litter picking. Since then, the Tranent Wombles have collected an incredible 7,000+ bags of litter, tackling both everyday waste and long-standing fly-tipping issues.The conversation highlights how the group operates — from community litter picks to individuals taking responsibility for their own local patch. Equipment is funded through donations, local fundraising and support from organisations like East Lothian Council, but as Henry explains, the real challenge isn’t funding — it’s maintaining momentum and volunteer engagement over time.What sets the Tranent Wombles apart is their focus on going beyond litter picking. Alongside clearing waste, they’ve started enhancing their local environment through planting, community gardens and biodiversity projects, including creating a wildlife corridor through the town. It’s about giving their area a bit of “TLC” — making it a nicer place for both people and wildlife.Of course, the reality of litter picking isn’t always positive. Henry speaks honestly about the frustration of returning to areas that have been cleaned, only to find them littered again weeks later. Despite this, the strong community support — from people stopping to say thank you to wider local backing — helps keep the group motivated.A key theme throughout the episode is the lack of enforcement. Henry shares his surprise at how little data exists on littering fines and prosecutions, and how few penalties are actually issued. Both he and Alasdair reflect on the gap between policy and reality — with plenty of strategies in place, but limited action on the ground to prevent littering at source.The discussion also touches on wider systemic issues, from the impact of drive-through restaurants on roadside litter, to missed opportunities to use technology and enforcement more effectively. While volunteer groups are doing incredible work, there’s a shared frustration that they are often left to deal with the consequences rather than the causes.Looking ahead, the Tranent Wombles plan to continue their work — combining litter picking with environmental improvements and building stronger links with other local groups. There’s also a growing push to have a louder voice on issues like planning decisions and litter prevention.Henry’s message is simple: you might not be able to change national policy overnight, but you can make a visible difference in your own community. And sometimes, that’s where real change begins.A really inspiring episode that highlights the power of community action — and the need for stronger support and systems to back it up. Useful Links:Henry Mathias | LinkedInTranent Forrest GardenTranent Wombles Facebook
Transcribe →Episode 105: News Roundup
Apr 900:26:22Tap to summarizeAfter a run of guest episodes and milestone celebrations,Jane and Alasdair are back together for a packed news round-up — and there’s plenty to get through. News RoundupTaxpayers to fund clear-up of huge illegal waste dumpsHuge illegal waste sites across England — including Kidlington and others — are set to cost millions to clear, all funded by the public. Jane highlights the frustration that taxpayers are footing the bill, while Alasdair questions whether a portion of landfill tax should be ringfenced to deal with these “orphan” sites.Corby quarry contamination fearsConcerns are growing that contaminated waste from a former steelworks quarry in Corby could be leaching into waterways. Both reflect on how historic waste decisions can resurface decades later — a reminder that landfill is never truly “done.”Petition to reinstate fortnightly bin collectionsA petition has been launched opposing changes to bin collection frequency. Jane points out that with food waste and recycling services now widely available, less frequent residual collections should be manageable — while Alasdair argues it’s more about behaviour change than burden.Teamwork lets bacteria consume plastic wasteScientists have discovered that three types of bacteria working together can break down plastics that individual species cannot. Alasdair sees this as a fascinating step forward, though still very early in terms of real-world application.Cockroaches may help turn plastic into fuelYes… cockroaches. Jane explains how microbes in their gut can break down polystyrene, though not completely — leaving smaller plastic fragments behind. Interesting, but not quite the silver bullet.Student invents microplastic filter removing 96% from waterA teenager has developed a method using magnetic fluid to remove microplastics from water. Both are impressed — and it’s a great example of innovation coming from unexpected places.Tool developed to detect recycled plastic contentNew technology can now identify how much recycled content is actually in plastic packaging. Jane notes this could be a game changer for accountability, while Alasdair highlights its potential to support EPR and compliance.Scientists realise microplastic tests contaminated by lab glovesIn a slightly ironic twist, researchers found some microplastic readings may have come from their own lab gloves. Raises questions about how accurate current data is — and how complex measuring the problem really is.Germany to reuse 220,000 tonnes of window glassRather than crushing glass, researchers are exploring how to reuse window panes directly. Both agree this is exactly the kind of thinking needed — moving further up the waste hierarchy.Squirrel filmed vaping in London parkA bizarre but sad story — a squirrel seen vaping after mistaking it for food. A reminder of how litter (and vapes) can impact wildlife.Villagers plagued by sauvignon blanc fly-tippingDozens of identical wine bottles dumped repeatedly in one village. Jane jokes about recognising the brand, but both agree it highlights ongoing issues with small-scale fly-tipping — and perhaps a mystery worth solving. Rubbish RantThis week’s rant covers a mix of frustrations.First up, Simpler Recycling, which came into force on1st April 2026 — with both noting that while the system makes sense, the narrative around it being “too difficult” for households is wearing thin.Then there’s the “Exchange for Change” branding for theUK Deposit Return Scheme:Alasdair isn’t convinced it hits the mark, questioningwhether it will really engage the public — while Jane is slightly less bothered, but not exactly inspired either.And finally… a brief diversion into electric cars,with Jane sharing the stress of range anxiety and charging — highlighting that while the transition is important, the practicalities still aren’t quite there for everyone.
Transcribe →Episode 104: Heather McLaughlin, Campaigns & Social Innovation Manager, Keep Scotland Beautiful
Apr 200:57:10Tap to summarizeThis week on Rubbish Talk, Alasdair is joined by Heather McLaughlin, Campaigns and Social Innovation Manager at Keep Scotland Beautiful (KSB) — a long overdue guest given how often litter and fly-tipping come up on the podcast! Heather shares her journey into the sector, starting with a background in biology before finding her way into waste through a short-term project knocking on doors to understand recycling behaviours. Like many in the industry, it wasn’t a planned career path — but one that grew through hands-on experience and curiosity. She reflects on how valuable those early roles were in understanding how councils operate and how people actually behave when it comes to waste.The conversation explores the role of Keep Scotland Beautiful as a national environmental charity, working across communities to improve local environments — from tackling litter and fly-tipping to supporting climate and biodiversity initiatives. Heather explains how KSB plays a key role in delivering actions under Scotland’s National Litter and Fly-Tipping Strategy, as well as administering the LEAMS (Local Environmental Audit and Management System), which provides long-term data on litter and environmental quality across the country.A key theme throughout the episode is the gap between monitoring and action. While Scotland has strong data showing that litter is a growing problem, Heather highlights the need to better use that data in real time to target services and drive change. The discussion also touches on practical challenges, particularly around roadside litter, where responsibilities between councils and road operating companies can be unclear — leading to inefficiencies and frustration.Behaviour change is at the heart of the conversation. Heather emphasises that while infrastructure and services are important, public behaviour remains the biggest challenge. From littering out of car windows to leaving waste beside bins, there is a clear need for stronger education, clearer messaging, and ultimately more effective enforcement. As discussed, if people don’t think they’ll get caught, behaviours are unlikely to change.The episode also covers some of the wider work KSB is involved in, including the Spring Clean campaign, which engages tens of thousands of volunteers across Scotland each year, and the connection between land-based litter and marine pollution. Heather highlights the importance of linking these issues, showing how litter dropped inland can ultimately end up on beaches and in the sea.Looking ahead, there is cautious optimism. With upcoming measures like the Deposit Return Scheme, potential charges on single-use items, and extended producer responsibility, there are opportunities to shift behaviour and reduce litter. However, Heather is clear that these changes need to be backed by stronger enforcement and continued public engagement.To wrap up, Heather shares her advice for anyone looking to enter the sector: take opportunities, try different roles, and don’t be put off by the fact that waste and litter might not seem glamorous — it’s a space where you can make a real impact.A really insightful episode that highlights both the scale of the litter challenge and the importance of collaboration, behaviour change, and persistence in tackling it. Useful Links:Your charity inspiring action for our environmentSpring Clean Scotland | Keep Scotland BeautifulRoadside litter campaignTackling litter and waste | Keep Scotland BeautifulOur reports and publications | Keep Scotland BeautifulThe National Litter and Flytipping Strategy for Scotland | Keep Scotland BeautifulCommunity Litter Hub
Transcribe →Episode 103: Victoria Taylor, CEO, Probe Industries Ltd
Mar 2600:38:43Tap to summarizeThis week on Rubbish Talk, Alasdair is joined by Victoria Taylor, Chief Executive Officer of Probe Industries Ltd — a family-run business specialising in odour and dust control across the waste and water sectors. Victoria shares her journey into the industry, which started unexpectedly when she stepped in to help the family business before university. What began as a short-term role quickly turned into a career, as she gained hands-on experience across waste sites and built her knowledge from the ground up. She went on to take over the business in 2011 and today leads a company with three generations of family involvement.A key focus of the episode is the challenge of odour control in waste management. Victoria explains that effective solutions go far beyond masking smells — instead targeting and breaking down odour compounds at a molecular level. This is particularly important on complex sites where traditional containment or extraction systems aren’t always practical.Innovation runs throughout the conversation, with Probe taking a strong R&D-led approach, developing new technologies and exploring smarter systems that can detect and respond to odour issues in real time. The discussion also highlights the human side of waste operations, with Victoria emphasising how site conditions — including odour and dust — can impact staff wellbeing, morale and productivity.Victoria also reflects openly on the realities of running a business, from securing major contracts to navigating setbacks like international fraud. Her message is clear: resilience, learning from mistakes, and adaptability are key to long-term success.Looking ahead, Probe is focused on international growth, with expanding markets across Europe, North America and the Middle East. The episode also touches on wider industry challenges, particularly regulation, with Victoria calling for a more joined-up and supportive approach between regulators and operators.Finally, Victoria shares her thoughts on careers in the sector — encouraging more people, especially young people, to consider waste and resources as an exciting and rewarding field. With growing opportunities across science, engineering, and sustainability, it’s an industry that offers far more than many expect.A fascinating conversation that blends innovation, business insight, and real-world experience — and a reminder of the important role that specialist technologies and passionate people play in keeping our waste systems running.
Transcribe →Episode 102: News Round-Up
Mar 1900:41:36Tap to summarizeAfter a run of brilliant student episodes and celebratingour 100th milestone, the news has been quietly piling up… so this week, Jane and Alasdair dive into a much-needed news special. NewsGovernment urges councils to seize and crush fly-tippers’vehiclesWith 1.26 million incidents recorded, this feels like a step in the right direction. Jane highlights the huge cost to councils, while Alasdair questions whether stronger enforcement like vehicle seizure might finally make people think twice.Mother fined £11,500 for binning batteriesA tough one — Jane notes the scale (23 batteries!), while Alasdair points out the rules were clear. It raises the bigger question: how far should enforcement go to change behaviour?Laughing gas canisters causing explosions at waste sitesHundreds of explosions a week — both are baffled these are still ending up in bins. Alasdair questions why products are sold without factoring in safe disposal, while Jane compares it to the ongoing battery and vape issue.Criminals stealing used cooking oil from chip shopsA sign of the times — waste becoming valuable. Jane links it back to rising fuel prices, while Alasdair notes it’s a familiar pattern: materials left out for collection being intercepted before they reach legitimate processors.Man trains dog to fly-tip rubbishAs bizarre as it is frustrating — both agree it shows the lengths people go to avoid doing the right thing. As the police said: clever, but still wrong.'Your balloon releases aren’t going to heaven'A refreshing positive — Jane gives this a “gold star,” while both highlight it as a great example of businesses taking responsibility and saying no for environmental reasons.Landfill gas used to grow food in giant domeA great example of circular thinking. Alasdair sees real potential in using waste heat and CO₂ locally, while Jane notes it’s a practical way to turn landfill into something positive.Plastic wet wipes ban proposed in ScotlandA long time coming. Both highlight the impact on fatbergs and beaches — and agree this is one of those changes that should simply be standard everywhere.Returnable glass bottles making a comebackA reminder that reuse isn’t new. Alasdair reflects that we may have gone too far towards recycling, while Jane notes the practicality challenge — but agreesthe principle is strong.75% of UK waste tyre exports untrackedA worrying statistic. Both point to the need for tighter controls, with comparisons to Australia’s shred-only approach showing there are workable alternatives.Legacy landfill risks under reviewA key reminder — landfill hasn’t gone away. Alasdair stresses the importance of long-term management and expertise, while Jane notes its ongoing role when other infrastructure isn’t available.Coffee grounds could strengthen concreteInnovation at its best — turning waste into a resource. Both are impressed, though Jane questions the processing cost, while Alasdair highlights reduced reliance on natural materials.Plastic from the 1960s washing up in OrkneyA stark reminder of plastic’s longevity. Jane is struck by how far it’s travelled, while both reflect on the long-term legacy of today’s waste. Rant of the Week: “Too Icky” for Food Waste?This week’s rant is sparked by a news article that foodwaste bins are “too icky” for households. Jane and Alasdair question how something so essential —reducing emissions, saving costs, and recovering energy — can be dismissed so easily. Food waste collections are a key part of modern waste systems, yet participation is still far from where it needs to be.The frustration isn’t just with the perception, but with howit’s communicated. The benefits — environmental and financial — aren’t always clearly explained, and without that, it’s no surprise people don’t engage.The message is simple: Use the system as it’s designed — it works, but only if people actually use it.
Transcribe →Episode 101: 100 Years of Waste in Scotland (Part 2)
Mar 1200:58:44Tap to summarizeLast week we explored the early history of waste management in Scotland, from the early 1900s through to the 1970s. In Episode 101, Jane and Alasdair pick up the story from the 1980s onwards, looking at how regulation, technology and policy shaped the modern waste sector we know today.The 1980s marked a period of major change. The sector was still heavily reliant on landfill, but environmental awareness and legislation were beginning to grow. The introduction of wheelie bins increased household waste capacity, while early recycling initiatives such as bottle banks started appearing. At the same time, wider policy shifts like compulsory competitive tendering began changing how local authority waste services were delivered. The groundwork was also being laid for what would become one of the most important pieces of legislation in the sector — the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Moving into the 1990s, waste management began to professionalise rapidly. The introduction of waste management licensing regulations, the creation of the Environment Agency and SEPA in 1996, and the introduction of landfill tax fundamentally reshaped how waste was handled and regulated. Landfill sites became more engineered and regulated, and landfill tax provided one of the first strong financial drivers pushing waste away from disposal and towards recycling. The early 2000s saw major investment in recycling infrastructure. Scotland’s National Waste Strategy and the Strategic Waste Fund led to large expansions in kerbside recycling schemes and significant increases in recycling rates — rising from around 5% in 2000 to roughly 45% within a few years. This period also saw increased collaboration between local authorities, regulators and researchers to develop best practice in waste management. In the 2010s and beyond, the focus shifted again — from simply managing waste safely to thinking about resources, circular economy principles and climate impacts. Policies such as net zero commitments, circular economy strategies and changes in global recycling markets (including China’s National Sword policy) reshaped how waste materials were managed internationally. Looking back across the last century, Jane summarises the journey simply:Early regulation focused on protecting public health,Later legislation aimed to protect the environment,More recent policy focuses on protecting resources and reducing carbon.It’s been a century of huge change — but as Jane and Alasdair reflect, the real challenge now is turning strategies and policies into practical implementation that delivers results on the ground.As always, we’d love to hear your thoughts. If you’ve worked in the sector or have memories of how waste management has changed over the years, get in touch or share them with us on social media.
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