ATM Scam Summer School

Summary

Slate Money – “ATM Scam Summer School” (August 23, 2025)

Host: Felix Salmon
Guests: Elizabeth Spiers (NYT), Emily Peck (Axios)
Main Theme:
A deep dive into a summer ATM scam in New York involving youth employment debit cards, a discussion of the risks and realities of alternative private market investments for regular people, and a critical look at the culture of sleepless hustle and thought leadership.

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ATM Glitch in New York: The Infinite Money Machine

Overview:
Felix introduces a wild story out of the Bronx: A technical glitch allowed young recipients of a city-sponsored debit card to withdraw unlimited money from certain bodegas’ ATMs, sparking chaos, debt, and an impromptu lesson in "financial literacy."

Key Points:

• The Setup ([02:11]):

  • NYC’s Summer Youth Employment Program gives 30,000 kids either direct deposit or a prepaid debit card for their wages.
  • In July, many found these debit cards allowed unlimited ATM withdrawals at bodega machines due to a software glitch.

• How the Scam Spread ([03:10]):

  • "There's always one patient zero, right?...one kid who puts their card in the ATM...takes out $100...goes back...their balance hasn't gone down..." — Felix Salmon [03:10]
  • The exploit spreads rapidly via social media—especially TikTok—enabling hundreds to join in within days ([07:50]).

• Who Actually Lost the Money? ([08:50]):

  • The real losers: small independent ATM operators who stock machines with their own cash and recoup it through network settlement.
  • While city officials claimed “no taxpayer funds lost,” insurance claims and legal blame games are expected as the dust settles.

• Are the Kids on the Hook? ([05:22]):

  • Debate about the legal culpability of minors (most under 18), since prepaid debit cards typically don’t allow negative balances nor require kids to sign for loans.
  • "The idea that these kids actually owe all of this money, I think, is a little bit legally dubious." — Felix Salmon [05:22]

• A Brutal Lesson in Financial Literacy ([06:57]):

  • Emily: “What an awful introduction…here’s how things work in the real world, kids. It’s a mess. There’s scammers everywhere. Trust no one.” [07:05]
  • Elizabeth: “Congratulations, you succeeded on that front.” [06:57]

Memorable Moment:

• Felix, wryly, on the outcome: “In the first instance, the ATM operators are the owners of the cash...and they've literally lost that money. So it's these sort of people that people don't think about very much...” [08:50]

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The Independent ATM Business: How It Works & Why It’s Dying

• Operators own the cash and machines in small stores, not banks ([10:22]).
  • For each withdrawal, they recoup funds plus a fee from user’s banks.
• As cash use plummets, ATM usage and profits decline ([12:33]):
  • Felix: “Cash is dirty. It breeds criminals. It's a pain in the ass. It gets stolen much more easily than most other forms of money...as demand for ATMs goes down, they're going to start raising the prices…” [12:51]

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Should Regular People Buy "Alternative Assets"? The Yieldstreet & Fundrise Question

Overview:
Discussion turns to private investments—think real estate, ships, art—pitched to “the little guy” via platforms like Fundrise or YieldStreet. Are these truly democratizing, or a way for amateurs to get fleeced?

Key Points:

• The Pitch ([20:28]):

  • Emily: “Their whole pitch was democratizing assets...invest like the 1%.”
  • YieldStreet pooled small investors into singular, risky projects; Fundrise diversified across many.

• Risks & Realities ([21:13]–[23:15]):

  • Horror stories: One YieldStreet investor lost $400,000, even lost ships ("Gotta know where the ship is," Emily chuckles [21:17]).
  • Diversification is critical; single-project bets are more likely to go to zero.

• Liquidity and Adverse Selection ([24:04]–[25:31]):

  • Private assets are illiquid; lack transparency; when you need cash, you can’t always sell.
  • Elizabeth: "Whatever YieldStreet is getting is kind of the bottom of the barrel to begin with." [24:04]
  • Felix: “If something is being sold to retail, then one can assume it’s something that the smart money has passed on.” [24:26]

• Alternative Asset Marketing ([27:31]):

  • Why people are drawn in: desire to “invest like the 1%”—but the true advantage of the rich is never needing to sell low.
  • Felix: “The first rule of making money is buy low, sell high. … Poor people don’t have that luxury.” [27:31]

• The Public–Private Market Blurring ([33:19]):

  • Emily: “If your goal as a company is to offer private market assets to more people, that...makes them more public.” [33:38]
  • Regulators may soon crack down as the space grows and problems multiply.

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Hustle Culture & Thought Leadership: The “Sacrifice Your 20s” Fantasy

Overview:
A recent op-ed by 22-year-old multimillionaire Emil Barr extolled forsaking sleep, friends, and fun in your 20s to "get rich," spawning both derision and a discussion of the cult of entrepreneurial “thought leadership.”

Key Points:

• Wild Tips from Emil Barr ([40:56]):

  • Sleep 3.5 hours/night, only network, outsource all chores, optimize transportation by...using helicopters.
  • Emily: “This one, he admits, is unconventional, but it involves using helicopters to cut travel time between meetings.” [41:41]

• Reality Check ([42:13]–[44:04]):

  • Felix: “None of the young people I know…would be willing to sleep three and a half hours a night...” [42:13]
  • Elizabeth: “A 22-year-old living on three and a half hours of sleep a night consistently for a year is going to suffer cognitive damage from it. Nobody can do that.” [42:33]

• Thought Leadership as Status ([46:00]):

  • Many entrepreneurs pursue it not just for business, but for personal validation and recognition.
  • Elizabeth: “Part of the fun for them is just that it gives them respect from their peers and they feel like people now have to listen to them in a way that they didn't before. And so it's a huge status thing.” [46:00]

• Downside to Business Celebrity ([48:20]):

  • Emily: “A great example of how the marketing of an entrepreneur and how I did it and I'm so successful works fabulously…Do I even have to say it? … The President of the United States.” [48:32]
  • Distorted perceptions of competence through media narratives.

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Numbers Round: Standout Stories & Data

• Elizabeth: 400,000 TikTok followers for Olivia Fernie, a luxury travel agent who caters to the whims of the wealthy (like overnighting Birkin bags or investigating “allergic” reactions to margarita limes) — [49:54–51:16].
• Felix: $500—the current difference in GDP per capita between the UK and Italy, with the UK’s relative decline post-Brexit: “Italy and Britain now have the same GDP per capita...Pre Brexit, there was like a $4,000 difference.” [52:57]
• Emily: 88%—of companies filing for IPOs in early August had only one or no women on their boards; 93% had similarly low representation in their C-suites (reflecting a rollback of prior diversity efforts). [54:27]

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Notable Quotes

• “This is meant to be a debit card...there is no overdraft facility. There is no such thing as a negative balance. These kids are under 18...so the idea that these kids actually owe all of this money, I think, is a little bit legally dubious.” — Felix [05:22]
• “Without social media, this would have been in five kids. With social media, it was 500 kids.” — Felix [07:50]
• “Cash...is a pain in the ass. It gets stolen much more easily than most other forms of money.” — Felix [12:51]
• “There is an argument to be made like, well, we are giving you an opportunity that wealthier people have, which is to invest in these startups, these early stage companies. And that might be appealing to people.” — Emily [28:21]
• “The rich people make all their money doing this one thing that you can't do, but here's the back door. That's a really appealing narrative.” — Elizabeth [30:45]
• “It’s a huge status thing. And maybe it does help their business. I think most of the time it doesn’t. It helps build their personal brand.” — Elizabeth [46:00]

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Tone and Takeaways

• Candid, occasionally sardonic. Felix’s running asides and Elizabeth’s pointed, humorous observations keep the mood lively even as they pull apart financial grift and business culture clichés.
• Cautionary on “democratized” investing: The show is skeptical of the "invest like a tycoon" pitch—private markets are opaque for a reason.
• Critical of hustle culture and the pursuit of "thought leadership" for status rather than substance.
• **Empathetic to young people caught up in systemic glitches but still tough on unrealistic stories of financial bootstrapping and online success.

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Timestamps of Key Segments

• [02:11] The Bronx ATM glitch: what happened and why
• [08:50] Who actually loses money in ATM scams?
• [12:33] Cashless society and the decline of the ATM business
• [20:28] Should ordinary people invest in asset platforms like YieldStreet and Fundrise?
• [24:04] Structural problems in retail alternative investing
• [33:19] Merging of private and public markets—regulatory implications
• [40:36] Hustle culture: The Emil Barr "sleep 3.5 hours" millionaire story
• [46:00] The rise of entrepreneurial “thought leadership”
• [49:54] Numbers Round: TikTok travel agents and gender equity in IPOs

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For Listeners

This episode offers a thoughtful, skeptical, and deeply informed look at the intersection of financial technology, investment fads, and cultural narratives of wealth. It challenges the “quick win” mentality, underscores the perils of market democratization, and reminds listeners of who really bears the costs—and who really gets the rewards—of both financial glitches and private asset bets.

Transcript

[A]

Foreign Hello. Welcome to Slate Money, your guide to the business and finance news of the week. I'm Felix Salmon with Elizabeth Spires of the New York Times.

[B]

Hello.

[A]

And with Emily Peck of Axios.

[C]

Hello.

[A]

And we are going to talk about ATM glitches and what happens when you can withdraw unlimited amounts of money from an atm. We are going to talk about alternative assets and whether normal folks should be able to invest in them. We are going to talk about thought leadership and whether you should give up your sleep and your social life in your 20s to become rich. We have a sleep plus segment on beef and the price thereof. It's all coming up on SLEEPD Money.

[C]

This podcast is brought to you by Progressive Insurance. Do you ever think about switching insurance companies to see if you could save some cash? Progressive makes it easy to see if you could save when you bundle your home and auto policies. Try [e-mail], progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates. Potential savings will vary. Not available in all states.

[A]

This message is brought to you by Apple Card. Apple Card takes privacy seriously. It's your card, your info, your business. So if your credit card isn't Apple Card, maybe it should be subject to credit approval. Apple Card issued by Goldman Sachs Bank USA Salt Lake City Branch terms and more@apple applecard.com so I'd like to start with a story that I've been low key, obsessed with for a few weeks and slowly we're getting enough details that we can begin to talk about it, which is an infinite money ATM glitch or that's basically what it looks like. Emily, you want to bring us up to speed on what happened up in the Bronx?

[C]

So this is a New York City story. There is a program in the city called Summer Youth Employment where city kids get jobs with the help of New York City and they can sign up to get paid through direct deposit is usually minimum wage. Or they can, if they don't have bank accounts, they can get a debit card, ATM card and get their money that way. And so about 30,000 of these kids got these cards in July and they went to get their money from the ATM and they found that there was no limit on how much money they could take out from said atm. Other crooks cottoned on to what was happening and started offering these kids like a lot of money or cool stuff in exchange for said ATM cards, debit cards. And a lot of money was then lost because a lot of money was then taken out from ATMs by crooks and, or kids and, or kids.

[A]

So yeah. So basically what happened, and it all happened over one weekend, is that, well, there's always one patient zero, right? Someone who like, discovers this, someone who like, you know, eats the mushroom and goes, that's delicious. And they haven't died. So there's one kid who puts their card in the atm. And as far as I can make out, the only ATMs that we used were like bodega ATMs. People weren't using their local ATMs of all Citibanks or chasers or whatever, but kid goes into bodega, takes out 100 bucks and then goes back to the bodega to take out more money and discovers that their balance hasn't gone down and that you can take out like the $200 maximum as many times as you like and your balance doesn't go down, which is kind of amazing. And if you're 16, who isn't going to, you know, take advantage of that and. Or once the story spreads, who isn't like, if someone comes up to you and says, I'll buy your card for a thousand bucks, you'll be like, great, that's money that I'm going to make all summer on this youth employment program. I'll give you my card, here's a thousand bucks. And then a bunch of adults take your card, take it to a machine and empty the machine of cash. And the first thing is, obviously there was some kind of a computer glitch. And this really was a glitch. This wasn't like the infinite money glitch that hit Chase a while back, which wasn't a glitch, it was just people kiting checks. This really was a glitch that when you took money out of the atmosphere, the computer didn't decrement the balance. But the other thing that fascinates me about this is basically who lost money and the way in which this is a good old fashioned theft of banknotes. You know, people hit ATMs because they're these steel boxes with a bunch of banknotes in them. And for at least 20 years, 15, 20 years now, there's been this thing called jackpotting, where normally it's some kind of a computer hacker tries to come up with some way of hacking into the ATM and getting it to spit out all of its money. Because cash money is the most incredibly awesome form of cash there is. It's untraceable, yada yada. Most of these ATMs don't have cameras, and so people didn't even need to hack Anything? They just found this glitch on this one card. It seems to have been one particular sort code for one particular bank was broken that weekend. And then come Monday morning, all of the transactions finally register on the accounts. The kids log into their accounts and they're showing massive negative balances. And now everyone is worried that these kids are going to face all manner of debt and judgments and stuff because they owe 15, 20, $30,000 on their account. And the first thing I want to say here is this is meant to be a debit card. This is like the way that prepaid debit cards work is they cannot go below zero. If you try and buy something for more than the amount of money in your account, your card is just declined. There is no overdraft facility. There is no such thing as a negative balance. These kids are under 18, they're adults. It's really hard to even make the case that they're legally capable of, of signing a contract saying that they will repay money if they borrow it. But even if they are legally capable of signing that contract, they didn't. Right. So the idea that these kids actually owe all of this money, I think is a little bit legally dubious.

[B]

There are also two other factors here. According to the program, most of the kids who did this were the younger kids. They were, you know, 16, they were minors. But also the program is actually designed in part to teach financial literacy.

[A]

Well, it did that, arguably. Congratulations, you succeeded on that front.

[B]

Real world lesson for them.

[C]

I thought that was the kind of the saddest part of the whole thing. This is a program meant to keep kids out of trouble in the summer and give them jobs and introduce them to, like, for lack of a better term, the real world and the finance industry. And like, what an awful introduction. Like, here's how things work in the real world, kids. It's a mess. There's scammers everywhere. Trust no one. You might get in big trouble for things that are out of your control in a lot of ways. Like, it's rough out there.

[B]

It did start a little bit like the check kiting scheme, though, because one kid somewhere realized that his balance wasn't going down or her balance wasn't going down. And eventually it ended up on social media, which then created a giant market for this.

[A]

Exactly. Like, without social media, this would have been in five kids. With social media, it was 500 kids. And it reminds me a little bit of the Silicon Valley bank run in that case, you know, everything just got incredibly accelerated. There was these massive networks of ATMs especially in the Bronx, that all got hit. And the idea, the coordination mechanism of being able to hit all of these ATMs in one weekend is something that would have been really hard before TikTok. When everyone's like seeing these tiktoks of kids, you know, fanning out their $100 bills, it's obvious that it's going to happen quickly. And I think a lot of people are going to be like, we need to jump on this before Monday morning. Because, you know, somewhere deep in their hearts they knew this wasn't going to last longer than the weekend.

[C]

Some of the reporting seem to suggest that the ATM operators have insurance that would wind up covering this because they're the ones who have lost out. Right. It's like there are people who own the ATMs that are placed in bodegas in New York City. They'll own like a thousand of them or a hundred of them or whatever, and they're.

[A]

They rent the space from the bodega. Exactly. This is a really interesting question, is who actually loses the money? New York City came out with statements saying no taxpayer funds have been lost. It's like, well, not yet. Until you start paying out, the kids may or may not be found liable. It does seem that in the first instance the ATM operators are the owners of the cash and they used to have the cash and that was an asset on their balance sheet and now they don't have the cash and that's not an asset on their balance sheet and they've literally lost that money. So it's these sort of people that people don't think about very much, which is ATM operators who are really out and they're the people who are quoted in the piece, in the New York magazine piece, just like freaking out and making all of these phone calls and trying to shut this thing down because they were losing money. But yes, one imagines that many if not all of them have some kind of insurance against this. So there'll be a deductible and then there will be an insurance company that pays out some amount of money and then the insurance company will presumably start going after New York City because they know that trying to go after a bunch of 16 year olds is a.

[B]

Non starter or maybe Visa Dashpay, which is the company that administers the cards.

[C]

They messed up.

[A]

They definitely seem to have messed up.

[B]

That's where the hack might have happened.

[C]

Was it a hack?

[A]

So that was. Yeah, there was one piece of reporting. There was like one. One person was quoted saying it was Probably a hack. And I not sure I buy it. I think it was more of a cock up than a conspiracy.

[C]

Can we talk about the ATM business? I'd never gave it any thought. Just like you said, Felix. So if you own ATM machines that are put in these like little delis all over the place, you buy the money. It's not the bank's money in the atm, it's your money in the atm.

[A]

Your business's money. It's a wonderful business. And by the way, can I just say for the record, this is going to be my nerdiest detour of the day for sure. It is perfectly fine to say ATM machine. I'm just going to say that.

[C]

Thank you.

[A]

I have no problem with ATM machine.

[C]

What is it? Automated teller machine. Machine. Yeah, that's what ATM machine is. Okay. And you're okay with that?

[A]

Redundant. I'm okay with an automated teller machine. Machine. Automated teller machine squared. I hate it when people do like, dollar sign $300, I'm like, no, that's dollar squared. There's no such thing as dollar squared. Can do it. ATM machine also fine. It's part of the vernacular. No problem. Anyway, back to the question. Yeah, I build a metal box that you can take money out of using your debit card. I own the metal box. I go along to my bank or take, you know, use my money and turn it into $20 bills and put it in the metal box. That is my money. That belongs to me, Felix. Right. Then you put your card in, take $100 out. And I have an agreement with the banking networks that basically I will get $100 from the bank into my bank account in return for the hundred dollars that was taken out in cash. So you, Emily, come to my metal box with your card, you take out $100 in cash. You get the $100 in cash, $100 leaves your bank account and enters my bank account. Actually, given the way American ATMs work, $104 leaves your bank account and I get $104 and I'm out $100. So that's my profit. And out of that $4, I need to do a bunch of stuff like, you know, ensure the cash, pay rent, you know, pay taxes and all the rest of it.

[C]

Is the business in decline now? Because, like, I don't know about you, like, I was all over the ATMs of New York City in the 2000s. I'm hitting the ATMs all the time. I knew which ones offered $5 bills, which ones had the lowest fees, et cetera, et cetera. Now in 2025, I go to an ATM maybe twice a year, maybe to.

[A]

Get cash 100% as society transitions away from cash for a bunch of reasons, many of which are quite good. And by the way, let's be clear about this. Cash transactions, by convention, like, clear at par. People think of cash as being cost free. But if you're a merchant who's dealing in a lot of cash, it is not cost free. If you are a restaurant, say, and you are cash only, and you make thousands of dollars a night in revenues, all in cash, and then you put that all in a box and you take it to the bank and you put it in a night deposit box at the bank. The bank will charge you for accepting that cash. There are fees associated with that. There are fees associated with everything. Cash is dirty. It breeds criminals. It's a pain in the ass. It gets stolen much more easily than most other forms of money. So there are lots of good reasons why the decline of cash is a good thing. But you're absolutely right. The decline of cash means a decline in demand for ATMs, and it kind of stands to reason that as demand for ATMs goes down, they're going to start raising the prices because that's the only way they can keep making any money. It's also super interesting to me that this program that was designed to teach financial literacy and encouraged kids to open up a bank account so they could get paid, which is a great way to learn financial literacy, ultimately said, well, yeah, okay, you don't have to open up a bank account. If you don't, we'll give you one of these debit cards instead. A lot of online bank accounts are effectively indistinguishable from prepaid debit cards.

[C]

I have an online bank account. It's much more than that.

[A]

Okay, what does it do that you can't do with a reloadable prepaid debit card?

[C]

I write checks.

[A]

You have physical checks?

[C]

Physical checks. I have like a savings and a checking and buckets in your savings account.

[A]

Most of those things you can do with a reloadable debit card if you have like an online access to it, but not the physical check grant you.

[C]

That they pay interest on the savings.

[A]

And also having a savings account. Most of these things don't come with savings accounts. Yeah.

[C]

Yes. So I win.

[A]

But in any case, I just do need to tell this story because it's a wonderful story and I spent about a week fact checking this story once a couple years ago. And so I need to just get a return on my time investment here. So I'm going to tell the story here. There was a financial literacy class in I think it was down in like Maryland or Delaware or somewhere around that one of those like D.C. ish states. And the teacher of the class basically said so in order to learn about money and managing money, all of us are going to open up an account at this friendly local bank. And the bank manager of the friendly local bank came into the class and they all filled out a form and opened up a bank account and they put in $5 into their bank account and they had a bank statement and then they could put more money in and it would go up and they could take money out and it would go down. And now you're learning what it's like to have a bank account. Financial literacy. Yay. Then they disappear off on their summer holidays. The small local bank gets taken over by like Fleet or City or some big national bank. The big national bank converts all of the small local banks bank accounts to their bank account. And for the big national bank accounts, if you're balance is below a certain amount, they will charge you a monthly fee. By the time the kids come back from summer holidays, the monthly fee has wiped out all of their money and they all have no money.

[C]

Financial literacy.

[A]

Financial literacy. That's. That is how you learn financial literacy.

[B]

Rule number one.

[A]

This message is brought to you by Apple Card. Did you know Apple Card is designed to help you pay off your balance faster with smart payment suggestions? And because fees don't help you, Apple Card doesn't have any. So if your credit card isn't Apple Card, maybe it should be subject to credit appropriate approval. Apple Card issued by Goldman Sachs Bank USA Salt Lake City Branch Variable APRs range from 18.24% to 28.49% based on creditworthiness rates as of July 1, 2025 Terms and more at applecard.com Slate Money is sponsored this week by Monarch Money. You might not be able to even name all of your financial accounts, let alone what the balance is in them. And if you don't know what's going on in your financial life, then that means you can wind up leaving money on the table. If you are looking to organize your life a little bit and feel confident that you have some control or at least knowledge of your finances, you might want to check out Monarch Money. Monarch Money is an all in one personal finance tool that brings your entire financial life together in one clean interface. On Your laptop or your phone. And right now, since you're a sleep money listener and you are awesome, Monarch is offering 50% off your first year. Monarch will aggregate your crypto, your checking, your savings, your credit cards, your foreign 401k. Like, whatever you have going on, you probably have money in like PayPal or Venmo or something you totally don't even know about. Monarch can bring it all together and it can keep track of your spending. It will look back over the past year or two of what you spent. It'll be like, I kind of know how much you're spending. And then it will give you an alert on your phone. It'll be, hey, you're spending way more than usual on travel right now because you're between jobs. And spending a lot of time in Europe like this might not come as a surprise, but it's good to know these things and it's kind of good to know that you have a robot looking out for you. If you've been putting off organizing your finances, which is, let's be honest about this, one of the most boring and thankless things that anyone has ever done, then just let Monarch do the heavy lifting. You can link all of your accounts in minutes. You get clear data visuals, you get smart categorization of your spending, and you start getting control over your money. So don't let financial opportunities slip through the cracks. Use code [e-mail] in your browser for half off your first year. That's 50% off your first [e-mail] with code slate. This is such a great topic to talk to Emily Peck about, because Emily Peck is not just one of the finest journalists of her generation. She also, as long time Slate Money listeners will know, was briefly an employee of a company called fundrise and Yield street and Fundrise. And I was briefly on a platform called Lending Club. And anyway, there's a bunch of these companies online that basically say, we will allow the little guy to invest in the kind of investments that are normally available only to the very rich. And Emily, is it a good idea to be sold on this? Because what happened to Yield Street?

[C]

Yield Street? Well, Yield street, which is different from Fundrise? Basically their whole pitch was democratizing assets, just like you said, invest like the 1%. They let people invest in different real estate projects, buildings, ships, even. And a lot of those investments went to zero. And CNBC did a big piece on it and talked to a bunch of people who invested. One fellow invested $400,000 in two real estate projects. And his investments went to zero. He lost all his money. And Yield street, you know, has been in trouble before. Apparently, they. There was an investment in ships and Yield street lost track of the ships at some point and was sued over it. So it's sort of been a long time coming.

[A]

If you own a ship, it's kind of a good idea to know where the ship is.

[C]

Gotta know where the ship is. And, you know, I guess you can take what I say with a grain of salt because I did work at Fundrise. Yield Street's business model in the broadest sense, Felix, you're right. It's one of these companies that say, like, you can invest like the millionaires. You can have access to investing in these private market assets that will lead you more money that the rich people invest in. But the way Yield street operates is different than Fundrise. Yield street let people invest in one real estate project. You put all your money into it. That is riskier than what fundrise is offering, which is like a fund in which there are like 40 real estate projects that you're investing across the whole fund. So even if one of those buildings falls apart and goes to zero, you still have the, you know, 29 other. So the likelihood of your, I think, of your investment going to zero is. Is less. And so.

[A]

So the first lesson here is diversification is good.

[C]

Diversification is good. And fundrise operates like they manage their investments. They pick the projects like their fortunes rise and fall with the fortune of those investments. Whereas my understanding is with Yield street, they're like, operating as, like a middleman where, like, you give them money and then they give the money to some other person and they take a cut of the money, but they don't have a stake in the long term.

[A]

They're like a sales channel for people who want to sell equity stakes in chips, buildings or something.

[C]

Yeah, exactly. So it is different, but the broader question of should regular people invest in illiquid assets? Like in Fundrise's case, you can get your money back quarterly, but not daily. It's not like when I go to Vanguard, I see how much I have in my IRA or whatever, and it's all stocks. And I can be like, sell it today. And I know how much I'm going to get because stocks are trading all day long and, you know, there's price discovery, you know, what's happening. But with these illiquid markets, and this is where I need maybe help understanding even more. But, like, there is a model that sort of estimates the value of your investment you don't really know what it is. I think until you liquidate or whatever, take the money out. Like it's harder to have real price.

[A]

Discovery or if it's an illiquid asset and it hasn't been sold, then ultimately if you're going up to fundraise, they're going to do a sort of conservative estimate of what the shares are worth and they'll pay you that conservative estimate out of their own balance sheet and then they'll try and sell those shares to someone else at a higher price or just hold that investment on their own balance sheet because they think they've bought it at below market rates or whatever. But you're not selling it at market. And if you want to hold that investment to maturity, that's going to be a five to ten year time horizon. And if it's a fund, then it might actually just roll over and you'll never. It's hard to know when these illiquid assets, or even whether these illiquid assets are ever going to mature and pay you back. And for most human beings, you kind of want to know when you're going to get your money back.

[B]

Well, There are also two other structural problems with this. One is that if YieldStreet is allowed to participate in these deals, they're getting the worst deals on the market because you have an entire commercial and residential real estate investment industry of people who are getting these deals largely through high touch transactional stuff. So whatever YieldStreet is getting is kind of the bottom of the barrel to begin with.

[A]

So let me stop you there because this is something which I've read a bunch of times about yieldstreet. Emily, would you agree with that? Because Mutatis mutandis, this applies to fundraisers as well. If something is being sold to retail, then one can assume that it's something that the smart money has passed on.

[C]

I don't know if I would agree with that just based on the fundrise example. I can't speak to.

[B]

Well, fundrise has hired, presumably people who are experienced commercial real estate investors. That's not the case with Yield street though. And you know, one of my prior jobs I managed, among other things, at commercial real estate trade. And it's just a very small industry. It's high touch and I don't know how a company like yieldstreet, that's just really is a middleman, would be able to evaluate those deals. It's not the kind of thing where you can just sort of take everybody's valuation model at word. These are private markets. There's not a lot of transparency. So it's an area where the average investor probably should not be putting money in the first place. But I'm conservative on that front. I think, honestly, people shouldn't be picking individual stocks if they don't know how to evaluate a security.

[A]

Right. But at least with the individual stock, if it goes sideways, you know, and you can, you know, sell it if it goes down. But yeah, no, I agree. In this day and age, there's not a lot of good reason to be buying individual stocks. The other one I should mention, masterworks in this context, too, because that's another classic one where people are like, invest in alternative assets. Rich people buy paintings. You can buy a fraction of a painting. And sometimes rich people make money buying paintings. And maybe if the painting goes up, you'll. And then your brain explodes. Like, not like the reason rich people buy paintings is because they want to buy. Live with the painting, and it's a beautiful painting, you know, not because it's a speculative asset. But, yeah, there is this. So there's this liquidity problem that we've talked about. There's the adverse selection problem that Elizabeth has talked about, and then there's just this. I'm interested in the marketing side of it. And Emily, you can probably shed some light on this. Is invest the 1%? Is that a message that resonates? And if so, why is there this feeling among a large chunk of the population that the 1% is getting better investment returns? And I think my answer to that question is probably the. There is that feeling. The feeling is based in reality, but the reality is not based on the fact that the 1% have access to certain investments that normal people don't. And it's more based on the fact that rich people never need to sell low. If you are rich and you have a bunch of investments, including illiquid investments, fine, whatever. Jean Michel Basquiat or whatever, then if you need some cash and a whole bunch of your investments are doing well and a whole bunch of your investments are doing badly, you will never sell the ones that are doing badly. If they're all doing badly, you will still not sell any of them. You'll just borrow against them. And so, like, the first rule of making money is buy low, sell high.

[C]

Oh, I thought it was have a.

[B]

Lot of money, be born rich.

[A]

No, it's just buy low, sell high rate, don't sell low, sell high. And so you just sit on everything you own until it goes up, and then you can sell it and poor people don't have that luxury. When they need money, they need to sell and that's why their returns are lower.

[B]

I have another theory about that, which is that if you look at the big kind of outsized high return stories, they're almost always in early stage venture capital and average people don't have access to that. And so they see these stories of Facebook millionaires and people who got in on the ground floor of these early stage tech companies and they realize that they don't have access to those deals. So in a way the pitch for Yield street or maybe fundrise sounds like that's what you're getting offered access to on some level. It's like, well, the elites do have these opportunities that I don't have.

[C]

I was going to mention that, yeah, because Fundrise, a few years ago they launched basically like it's like a VC fund. You can go to fundrise and invest in startups. They have anthropic canva, OpenAI stripe. I was just talking to someone there the other day, like you can invest in those companies and I think a lot of people do, like Elizabeth saying, you read about OpenAI doing so well and sky high valuation or these other startups doing so well, sky high valuations. Fewer companies are going public now. So there is an argument to be made like, well, we are giving you an opportunity that wealthier people have, which is to invest in these like startups, these early stage companies. And that might be appealing to people.

[A]

Although I think I will push back just a tiny bit on Elizabeth's assertion that normal people don't get to invest in early stage startups. Because I think that was true until the whole crypto thing came along. And I think that the huge amount of enthusiasm that you see among normies for a certain type of normie for crypto is precisely this idea, which is not 100% true, but it's not 100% false either. The crypto does kind of level the playing field and the people can make money there. You can get in early on the project or coin or whatever. Sure.

[B]

But that's not investment in early stage company. If you have a real startup that's being, you know, invested in by real institutional investors, there is a usually a requirement that you have to be an accredited investor. So you have to have a minimum net worth 100%.

[A]

If you're setting up, you know, an S corporate, an LLC or you know, something and raising venture capital, you know, yes, 100%. I'm just saying that there's a Whole bunch of companies that are funding themselves not by raising equity from venture capitalists, but rather by selling some kind of a crypto token. And if you're raising equity by selling some kind of a crypto token, you know, then it's more democratic. It's not entirely democratic. It's more democratic. It's definitely out there. You know, be sharks and dragons and don't be. Beware those waters.

[C]

But yeah, I guess to get back to what you were saying before, the idea of invest like the 1%, it's really a way of saying you can be like a rich person. It's not so much like a chance to get in on the deals, but it's more like a feeling of being in a more exclusive class.

[B]

Well, it's an attractive story. The rich people make all their money doing this one thing that you can't do, but here's the back door. That's a really appealing narrative.

[A]

And I think it is also appealing to be able to say, yeah, I own a bunch of warehouses in Alameda and they're cash flowing a bunch of money. You feel like you're more of an active investor than like a passive buyer of fund. You know, like, I own a ship, I own this piece of property.

[B]

I own a ship, but I don't know where it is.

[A]

But no, but like, I can actually get in the car and drive to this, you know, to a McDonald's in the suburbs somewhere and say, I own that building, or at least, you know, a significant percentage of it. And you feel like this is a real world brick and mortar investment that feels more real. When you look at all of those buildings and all of those, you know, cities and on the side of the road, you're like, rich people own those buildings. If I own one of those buildings, I would be rich. And then someone like Beale street comes along and says, you can own one of these buildings, or if not all of it, you can own a decent percentage. You put up $100,000, you can own 15% of this building. And then you're like, oh, cool. I can see why that's cool.

[B]

One of the crazier yield street deals, though, they made a deal with a company and this is a shipping deal that they made, where basically the company would disassemble old chips and make money off of it. And so they would use existing ships that they owned as collateral, but then they lost 13 of them. And so this, this company was basically some middleman and I think Abu Dhabi or somewhere, and they just disappeared. And some of the investors for Yield street sort of said, well, Yield street could have probably tried to find these ships using publicly available data, but it sort of just didn't bother because they.

[A]

Didn'T have any skin in the game. Right, Exactly. And you get, you do get this kind of collective action problem that if most of the investors in these ships or the claims on these ships, I guess because they were collateral, are held by a bunch of small investors, then it's hard to coordinate those investors to do the kind of tracking and suing and all the rest of it that you need to do in order to seize the collateral and get your money back. Having collateral is only useful if you have the ability to seize the collateral or go to court and get a judgment against someone who owns the collateral. And if you don't have that ability, if you don't have an agent who has that ability, then there's not much point in having collateral at all.

[C]

Can we pull out and talk a little bit about private market, public market? And I think Mary Childs who was on the other week talked about this. There is a merging happening right now. So if your goal as a company is to offer private market assets to more people, that makes them that necessary.

[A]

Makes them more public.

[C]

Yeah, more public. And that usually you raise the attention, maybe not in today's environment, but you raise the attention of regulators who are going to be more concerned and more attuned once something is more widely available to more regular people. They're going to be more like on your butt to make sure you're not, you know, ripping your customers off. You would assume there'd be more regulation. And we're not just seeing like companies like your Yield Streets, your fundraises make public more private market assets. We're seeing like the White House now saying we can have private market assets and in 401ks and there's more ways people can get in the private market. I mean, at some point there is no private market is that good or bad? It seems like there's an argument to be made that it is bad because the reason the private market exists is to like, get away from all the chains of regulation and like to do more things more nimbly and not have to worry as much about disclosures and blah, blah, blah, have more sophisticated investors, yada yada. So like, it's bad if private stuff becomes more public. On the flip side, maybe it's good because being private and operating secretly, sometimes that stuff blows up and we wind up paying for it anyway. You know, so shruggy I don't know.

[A]

Most of the time private just means too small to be public now. Not always. Right. Sometimes you can have a massive company like Stripe where the equity is private not because it's too small, but just because the founders don't want it to be public. And that's fine.

[C]

And that seems increasingly a thing. That's increasingly something that's happening in.

[A]

Right. But like it doesn' need to be like a hot young tech company. It can be Mars Chocolate. You know, they like, there's lots of big private companies out there which are owned by billionaire families and just aren't public. They often have public debt, by the way. Like you can still see some of their financials. But yeah, like the classic example of a private asset is just a personal loan from the bank. You know, I just want to borrow money from the bank for whatever reason. So I go along to the bank and they look at my income and stuff and they say, okay, here's $5,000. And I'm like, okay, now I owe the bank $5,000. And that is a naturally private asset. It kind of makes no sense for the bank to then turn around and securitize that loan to a bunch of individuals and say, like, you can buy 100th of Felix's loan for 50 bucks. It's like, what is the upside on that? But you know, that is something that people used to do. This is what Prosper and Lending Club used to do back in the day, which, you know, worked until it didn't. There's always a movement to make private things a little bit more public, a little bit more accessible. And then there's a counter movement to create something which is more private. And right now there's this thing called private debt, which is really hard to define, which is all the hotness. And people are talking about putting private debt into 401ks and investing in private debt. And there's any number of Yell street like companies saying like, you too can get into private debt. And it's like, what is private debt? Well, it's definitely not bonds and it's not really syndicated loans, but it kind of a syndicated loan. But it's a particularly illiquids indicated loan that doesn't involve banks, except for it can involve banks because some of the banks own the private debt companies. And your brain starts melting and you're like, none of this makes any sense.

[B]

Some of this new interest in making things like private credit accessible to people really is sort of rooted in the current political environment and the assumption that you know, normally under normal circumstances, if you start making a lot of these private options accessible to regular people, you would expect a lot more regulation. But in the current political environment, I think there are a lot of people who are just assuming that that additional layer of regulation is not going to happen.

[A]

Yeah, and to be clear, as I think Teresa Ghiarducci, who has been on the show, mentioned in one of the articles in the show notes, like, you don't want that kind of private asset in your 401k even. Because a 401k is a pool of money that is designed to be spent in the foreseeable future, you're going to need to spend this money in your retirement. And so you need to have some kind of an idea when that asset is going to mature so that it will be available to you to spend. Because a 401k with money you can't spend is pointless. And when you have no idea when this stuff is going to mature, it just, yeah, don't do it. People just say no to alternative assets.

[C]

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[A]

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Spend $250 on your first campaign and get a free $250 credit for the next one. Get started [e-mail] campaign terms and conditions apply. Wrap up by talking about Emil Barr. Emil Barr is a young millionaire who wrote an article in the Wall Street Journal opinion section. Bless it, saying I am a millionaire and the way I got to become a millionaire. So I went to Miami University in Ohio and I slept three and a half hours a night and I gained 80 pounds and I lived on Red Bull and I struggled with anxiety. But this was my peak cognitive years and I knew that if I wanted to get rich, then the smart way to do it was to do so in my peak cognitive years. And guess what? It worked. I built a company and I sold my company for $1 million. And now I'm a millionaire and I'm going to become a billionaire and I'm going to do it all before I'm 30. And then I never need to worry about money again. And losing all those friends and not partying and getting three and a half hours sleep is obviously I'm not going to show you code it. It's not easy, but it's a great way of like front loading all of the stress of life into when you are physically and mentally most capable of dealing with it. And then you can just enjoy life for the rest of your life.

[B]

My favorite part of this op ed was that it was framed as everyone should spend their 20s, you know, grinding incessantly so that you can become, you know, a bajillionaire before you're 30. And then maybe like the first line of the second paragraph says, I'm 22. And so this guy's a fifth of the way through his 20s.

[C]

He had some wild tips. So in addition to not sleeping and only socializing, if it, like, furthers your networking goals in college. And another tip was, you know, outsource everything, get a cleaning lady, have someone cook for you, get your groceries delivered, whatever. My favorite of his tips was optimized transportation. And you're wondering, what does he mean by optimize transportation? Does he mean just like, use Uber, don't drive, something like that, something that kind of makes sense? No. This one, he admits, is unconventional, but it involves using helicopters to cut travel time between meetings. A three hour drive versus a 20 minute flight frees up time, he says. That is one of his tips. Use helicopters.

[A]

To be clear, he does not say, per Elizabeth, everyone should do this. He is saying quite explicitly that building wealth this way requires sacrifices most people aren't willing to make. And he says this is not for everyone, but just, quote, for ambitious young people who want to build wealth. And I kind of like, I know a bunch of young people. I am now old enough that my friend's kids are roughly. Emil, we know young people.

[B]

Some of us have young people in our house.

[A]

But I'm just saying, like, none of the young people I know are ambitious young people who want to build wealth and who would be willing to sleep three and a half hours a night in order to do so and who are like, this is clearly not like words of advice for young people generally, right? This is words of advice for people on Reddit who are Completely insane.

[B]

There's also some self mythology in this piece. You know, the sort of thing you can't fact check. Like any, even a 22 year old living on three and a half hours of sleep a night consistently for a year is going to suffer cognitive damage from it. Nobody can do that.

[A]

It's true, like for 99% of people, that's true. There is 1% of people who genuinely only need four hours of sleep a night. You know, like Margaret Thatcher was famously one of them. And it is actually interesting if you look at stories of super successful entrepreneurs, a surprisingly large percentage of them do seem to fall into that category of people who just don't need a lot.

[B]

Of sleep reported though. You know, like it's sort of like, wow, Elon Musk insists that he works 25 hours a day and then you see him tweeting at all hours of the day.

[A]

Well, exactly. He's not asleep if he's tweeting, he's awake. Elizabeth.

[C]

But I mean also the title of the piece, I mean the Journal's like really going for the troll there.

[A]

Yeah, they were trolling.

[C]

Work life balance will keep you mediocre. And the whole, the whole frame of like the most important thing is to make a lot of money and not to cultivate a family or like any kind of like real world relationships or connections that will like nourish you emotionally throughout your life. And the primary thing this guy wants to do is become a billionaire. Like that is his number one priority, number one goal. Like yeah, I don't know if that's, if that tracks with most people.

[B]

His brain isn't fully developed yet.

[C]

He doesn't know anything.

[B]

But also what he says really contradicts what Gen Z reports they want categorically, which is that they prefer Work life balance.

[A]

Yeah, he's definitely an outlier. But one of the things he has done, like now that he has achieved millionaire status and he's an aspiring billionaire.

[C]

According to this story.

[A]

According to this story. But you know, as we have mentioned in the past on this show, like a millionaire is everyone's a millionaire now.

[C]

But it's not true.

[A]

The thing that he clearly wants, like reading between the lines here, this op ed was obviously pitched to the Wall Street Journal by some kind of a flack that he hired with the intention of doing the thing that everyone seemed, well, not everyone, but everyone on LinkedIn seems to want to do these days, which is become a thought leader. This is Emil Baas attempt to ensconce himself in the rarefied world of Entrepreneurial thought leaders. And we here at Slate Money Towers every day, without exception, get pitches from PR people pitching an entrepreneur and saying, this is a very successful entrepreneur and we think that this entrepreneur would be wonderful for Slate money. Why they think this, given that we've never had a fucking entrepreneur show on in the past decade of slate Money, I have no idea. But they keep on pitching it. And I'm super interested in this whole phenomenon of why do entrepreneurs want to become thought leaders? And also why does there seem to be an unlimited amount of appetite from normal folks to listen to entrepreneurs talking about how they got rich on some kind of implicit assumption that if you do what they do, then you are more likely to get rich.

[B]

I can answer the first question because sometimes I have people who come to me because I write op EDS for help with their thought leadership. And a lot of them are executives. And for the most part they usually are doing it. The sort of top level reason is they think it helps their business. But I think the real reason is, you know, when people have professional success, whether either because they're making a lot of money or they're respecting their fields, part of the fun for them is just that it gives them respect from their peers and they feel like people now have to listen to them in a way that they didn't before. And so it's a huge status thing. And maybe it does help their business. I think most of the time it doesn't. It helps build their personal brand. But a lot of people care about that.

[C]

I think it does help their business. I think getting your name out there as the leader of a company and getting the company's name out there is almost always valuable to your business. It's, it's marketing 101. Like, to get your name known as a leader of a company is almost always good, unless you're the guy who went to the Coldplay concert or whatever. But actually, even in that case, the company I think benefited. It got name recognition that it wouldn't have had before.

[A]

Just no one heard an astronomer before that.

[C]

Astronomer? Yeah. And like they wouldn't have had Gwyneth Paltrow doing a commercial for them.

[A]

Exactly. Now they have Gwyneth Paltrow doing PR for them. It's getting a million views and still no one knows what they do, but they've heard of him.

[C]

But like, if you're in whatever, whatever it is their due and you're choosing amongst companies that do what they do, which we don't still know, you would be like, oh, that company and you might have a propensity to choose it. And the same thing is like I've read that CEO's post on LinkedIn or something. And then choose that company over competitors you haven't heard of. Because once you've heard of something, it's like you, you think it's real or legitimate.

[A]

You know who the first thought leader was?

[C]

I think Andrew Carnegie. Who?

[A]

Yeah, I don't. I, I'm going to say. Well, at least in the modern era, the first thought leader was Richard Branson. He was super early to this game and he was surprisingly good at it. And it made him famous in ways that he wasn't famous and made him admired in ways that he wasn't previously admired. And then everyone else was like, I want to be like Richard Branson. And if it wasn't for Richard Branson, like half of this, it probably would have happened eventually, but it wouldn't have happened quite as early and quite as relentlessly.

[C]

A great example of how the marketing of an entrepreneur and how I did it and I'm so successful works fabulously. Do I even have to say it? Have we all reached the conclusion? Do you know who I'm going to talk about?

[A]

Jim Vanderhay.

[C]

No. Our president. The President of the United States. Right. He had a show, the Apprentice, sold the idea that he was a successful entrepreneur, whatever. Real estate.

[B]

Yeah.

[A]

He wrote a million books saying like, this is how I got rich.

[C]

Yes, he get rich lightning. I'm a deal maker and now more than half of voters in the country were like, this is what I want. He is a successful deal making person. I know this because I've heard about his thought leadership. It's a real.

[A]

You heard it here first, folks. In 25 years when Emil Barr is president of the United States. You can say it was called by Emily Peck.

[C]

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[A]

Let's have a numbers round. Elizabeth, you have a number.

[B]

So 400,000. That's the number of followers a woman named Olivia Fernie has on TikTok and her job is that she's a high end travel agent to the rich and famous.

[A]

Livvy.

[C]

Love her.

[A]

Oh my God. We need to Talk about Livvy and whether she's real or not.

[B]

So she works for a company that charges $2,500 to $8,500 a month to provide high end travel services to clients. And some of these services have included things like overnighting a $75,000 Birkin bag to Capri, calling a luxury hotel to figure out where the limes for their margaritas are sourced, because her client was convinced that she had some kind of allergic reaction to limes from specific countries.

[C]

But wait, Elizabeth, the allergic reaction was like, it didn't manifest in any way, right? Didn't.

[B]

Yeah. She said she just knew internally that it was doing something bad to her body. Like, this is not a diagnosis.

[C]

There was no reaction in any way. It was just a feeling.

[B]

Yes. And one Guy gave her $100,000 budget for his daughter's vacation on the condition that his daughter doesn't talk to him about it.

[C]

And her posts are so amazing because she's always like, sitting in a lounge chair by the pool with the speakerphone on and just calmly being like, okay, yes, I'll look into that. I'll look into the limes, whatever it is.

[A]

And like, these things I have to say, as a devoted consumer of Livy's Tiktoks and also the Amalfi jets one, which is basically the same I always assume are completely fake, that skits made for TikTok. Right? And they go viral because they're funny. And she gets written up in the New York Times and she's like, yeah, my clients, they give me permission to record them, but like, you're like, really?

[B]

Well, having been through the Times fact checking process, I do believe that they probably asked to speak to some clients and her boss and stuff like that.

[C]

She did say, sometimes it's a reenactment.

[A]

And I was like, no, exactly. Like always it's a reenactment because you're never going to just catch that. Because, like, does Livy have an insta husband who just follows her around while she's always looking gorgeous in the bikini by the pool and, like, is recording hundreds of hours of really boring conversations? And then suddenly, like, you'll hit gold. And like, suddenly you'll get like, huge amounts of content. Like none of it really seems real. And then she's like, oh, yeah, sometimes we reenact them. And I'm like, well, obviously when you reenact them, you're going to sort of like, play it up.

[C]

Sometimes we reenact them as doing a lot of work in the article.

[A]

Yes, I'm still not convinced it's real. And I have to admit as. And I have written for the New York Times as well. I don't place quite as much faith in the New York Times fact check as Elizabeth does on this one. This is style fact check.

[B]

Maybe they just fact check me harder than everybody else.

[C]

But the byline is Guy Trebe. He's like.

[A]

I mean, is he famous for being very fact checked? I think he's famous.

[C]

Been around for decades and decades and decades. Like he wouldn't put one over on us, would he?

[A]

No. But would he just take something at face value that maybe. Anyway, we will see. We will see. My number is 500, which is the difference between GDP per capita in the UK and GDP per capita in Italy. In dollars, basically. It's nothing. Basically, Italy and Britain now have the same GDP per capita. Pre Brexit, there was like a $4,000 difference. Now they've closed the gap. Everyone says something, something Brexit, something. Friend of the pod, Dan Davies, put a thing up on Blue sky saying he being British, of course, or more specifically Welsh. Our various governance failures and economic stagnation means that we should now think about ourselves as Italy with better weather and food. Which is the best troll I've come across in forever. But it's kind of. I am not convinced that Britain actually has better food than Italy, having spent the past week or so in the British Isles. I do think it kind of does have better weather though. Like Italy is just unbearably hot now for certain, basically all of the summer and well into the fall. And yeah, I think that Britain should just embrace its destiny as being a low priced tourist destination. Emily, what's your number?

[C]

My number is 88%. 88% of the companies that filed IPO related documents in the first two weeks of August, 88% of those IPO going firms had only one or no women on their boards of directors. 88%. And in their C suites, 93% had only one or no women in their C suite. This is from an article in Fortune and I think highlights a trend of how no one gives a F anymore about women being on their boards or in their C suites. This was a problem for a long time.

[A]

Yeah. Like you and I are deeply familiar with the NASDAQ rule that basically said any company going public on the NASDAQ had to have at least one woman on the board of directors. Right. Is that still in place?

[C]

The rules are out the window. There's a court ruling that overturned, I believe the NASDAQ rule and a California law that was similar. And in the current environment where the White House is like actively pushing against any kinds of rules like that or guidelines, companies, I don't think care anymore. I mean, I shouldn't say all companies. Presumably some companies care.

[A]

Okay, so my next question is, is there a signaling mechanism going on here where by having no women on the board, you kind of signal to investors that you are anti woke and anti woke is kind of something that people want to be these days?

[B]

I don't know.

[C]

That's an interesting question.

[B]

I do think some of it's signaling in the sense that there have been companies who are certainly downplaying any effort that they make to make their companies diverse, especially at the C level.

[C]

I mean, we remember when Twitter went public and everyone was like, hey, there's no women on the board of Twitter. And there was like an outcry about it. And then they put some women on the board and then for like a long time, years, there was like all these efforts and attention paid, like when companies were going public, startups especially, how many women are on the board? And it was like a thing. And like startups had to care about it. Now I think we've just reverted to the way it was more than a decade ago, where most startups are started by men and they mostly have men leading the startup and on the board and there's no public pressure anymore to have women in leadership or on board. So off they go, which is dumb.

[B]

Just on a practical basis, I'm looking at an Ernst and Young report right now that says women owned businesses that secure funding, show better returns on investment, tend to be in business longer than those owned or founded by men.

[C]

I don't know. I don't even believe that stuff. Is that wrong? I mean, I don't know.

[A]

Who knows? Depending on how you slice it, I think you can get whatever Ramsay you like. But it is. There's definitely something in the water these days. And it's something that doesn't taste too good, to be honest. Anyway, we should wrap this up at this point because we have to disappear off to record a Slate plus episode about beef prices. I should also reply to various emails about Shohei Ohtani, who is a baseball player. When we had Nathan Bomey from Axios on to talk about sports betting, we talked about all of the debt Shohei Ohtani had racked up through sports betting. We didn't make clear that the bets were made by his translator. They were not made by him. So not only did he not bet on himself? He didn't bet on anything. It was his translator who was doing all the betting. But there were still sports relating debts at the end of it. In any case, thanks for all those emails and all of the rest of them. They come in to slatemoneyleep.com and we read them all. Thanks to Shayna Roth and Justin Molly for producing and we'll be back next week with more Slate money.

[C]

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[B]

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[C]

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[B]

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[C]

Hey, this is Sarah. Look, I'm standing out front of AM PM right now and well, you're sweet and all, but I found something more fulfilling, even kind of cheesy. But I like it.

[B]

Sure, you met some of my dietary needs, but they've just got it all. So farewell. Oatmeal the long use strange soggy Break.

[A]

Up with bland breakfast and taste AM PM's bacon, egg and cheese biscuit made with K tree egg, smoked bacon and melty cheese on a buttery biscuit. Am P M Too much good stuff.