Transcript

Sponsor/Announcer (0:00)

This podcast is brought to you by Hotels.com make your next trip work for you. Hotel.com's new Save youe Way feature lets you choose between instant savings now or banking rewards for later. It's a flexible rewards program that puts you in control with no confusing math or blackout dates. Book now at hotels.com Save youe Way is available to loyalty members in the US and UK on hotels with member prices online. Other terms apply. See cite for details.

Chuck Nice (0:35)

Hey, are you traveling soon? Imagine arriving and actually understanding the language. Imagine being able to communicate with the people that are there waiting for you to arrive. Rosetta Stone's immersive, intuitive method helps you naturally absorb your new language. The lessons are simple. They fit into your day wherever you want them to. You learn at your own pace and you can access the lessons on laptop or your phone or your tablet. It's super easy, very convenient and important because of course, everybody loves it when you're able to communicate with them in their own language. Are you ready to start learning a new language this spring? Visit Rosetta stone.com startalktoday to explore Rosetta Stone and choose the language that's right for you. Now for me, that language was Spanish one because you know, I live in this hemisphere and there's a lot of Spanish speaking people because I secretly am listening to my mother in law talk about me behind my back and she doesn't even know that I understand what she's saying. All right, I've shared too much. How about you? Go to Rosetta Stone.com startalk today to explore Rosetta Stone and choose your language. Go to rosettastone.com startalk right now and begin your language learning journey today.

Neil deGrasse Tyson (1:59)

So Chuck.

Chuck Nice (2:00)

Yeah.

Neil deGrasse Tyson (2:00)

Are people getting PhDs before they ask questions?

Chuck Nice (2:03)

I think they really are. Or they're trying to get us graduate

Neil deGrasse Tyson (2:06)

work on this show or do their physics homework. One or the other is true. Coming up on Star talk, Cosmic queries grab bag. A lot of physics in this edition. Welcome to Start Talk, your place in the universe where science and pop culture collide. StarTalk begins right now. This is StarTalk. Neil DeGrasse Tyson, your personal astrophysicist. It's a cosmic queries grab bag. And you know what that means. Chuck. Nice is right here.

Chuck Nice (2:42)

That's right.

Summary

StarTalk Radio – Cosmic Queries: Gravitons & Hyperspeed

Host: Neil deGrasse Tyson
Co-host: Chuck Nice
Date: March 10, 2026

Episode Overview

In this “Cosmic Queries – Gravitons & Hyperspeed” grab bag, Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice tackle a fresh batch of listener questions about physics, astronomy, and sci-fi concepts. Topics range from how electricity is generated, solar power in space, and prolonging the Sun’s life, to the quest for the graviton, artificial gravity in movies, the possibility of moving Earth, and much more. With their signature blend of science, wit, and humor, Neil and Chuck break down complex ideas for a broad audience, often dipping into memorable anecdotes and pop culture references.

Key Discussion Points & Insights

1. Generating Electricity: From Bicycles to Solar Farms

[03:20 – 09:20]

Listener Question: Why can’t we use perpetual motion in space to generate endless electricity, or have large solar fields in space?
Discussion:
- Neil and Chuck dissect how electricity is generated using examples from bicycle dynamos to wind and hydroelectric turbines on Earth.
- Quote (Neil):
  
  "All electricity is still made today... through motion. That’s why windmills, steam turbines, dam turbines—all just turn a turbine so wires pass through a magnetic field." (06:21)
- They discuss historical context, crediting Michael Faraday with discovering electromagnetic induction.
- Solar panels can convert sunlight directly into electricity (no turbine required).
- China’s efforts to build solar farms and possibly a solar ring in space, allowing power generation 24/7, are highlighted.
- Quote (Chuck):
  
  "The sun is 93 million miles away and if you lay your ass on the beach, it will burn you... and you want to tell me it’s not viable?" (09:06)

2. Prolonging the Sun’s Life & Colliding Stars

[09:28 – 13:12]

Listener Question: Could we prolong the Sun’s life by throwing Jupiter into it?
Discussion:
- Neil explains stellar fusion and why the Sun eventually runs out of fuel in its core.
- The idea of "stirring" the Sun to mix in fresh hydrogen is explored; this does happen in rare cases with "blue straggler" stars after stellar collisions.
- Tossing Jupiter into the Sun would have negligible effect due to its small mass compared to the Sun.
- Quote (Neil):
  
  “As big as Jupiter is, it’s still small compared to the Sun by mass.” (12:47)

3. Artificial Gravity and Acceleration in Science Fiction

[15:53 – 19:13]

Listener Question: If ships have artificial gravity in movies, why do crews fly out of their seats when jolted? What about hyperspace jumps?
Discussion:
- Artificial gravity mimics Earth's downward force; any external jolt (like from a torpedo) is still felt just like on Earth in a vehicle crash.
- Hyperspace or warp jumps would turn people into “goo” unless space itself is warped (as Trek-style warp drives propose).
- Reference is made to “The Expanse,” where realistic physics results in a character’s gruesome death due to inertia.
- Quote (Neil):
  
  “If you’re going to warp space, that’s space doing the work for you... but otherwise you gotta find some other way to navigate the space-time continuum.” (18:32)

4. The Hunt for the Graviton

[20:59 – 23:19]

Listener Question: Why haven’t we found the gravity particle (graviton)?
Discussion:
- Gravity is incredibly weak compared to electromagnetism (by 42 orders of magnitude), making direct detection of the graviton extremely difficult.
- Fun thought experiment: picking up a rock overcomes the gravitational pull of the entire Earth.
- Quote (Neil):
  
  “The entire Earth was insufficient to prevent you from picking up the rock... electromagnetism is 42 magnitudes powers of 10 stronger than gravity!” (21:44)

5. Time: Field or Dimension?

[23:35 – 25:11]

Listener Question: Is time a dimension or a field, since it can be affected by gravity?
Discussion:
- Neil admits it’s a great (and deep) question—he appreciates the concept.
- Gravity distorts time, which fits time into the realm of fields and dimensions in theoretical physics.
- Neil references a quote on the human experience of time:
- Quote (Neil):
  
  “We are prisoners of the present, forever transitioning between our inaccessible past and our unknowable future.” (24:54)

6. Information in Physical Media

[25:17 – 27:09]

Listener Question: If you got a coil of steel wire, how could you tell if it stores information or just use it as fishing line?
Discussion:
- Information requires variation—if the entire wire is identical, it contains no information.
- Analogy: two identical newspapers don’t have double information, just duplicate copies.

7. Galaxy Spins and Human Bias

[27:49 – 32:30]

Listener Question: Are spiral galaxies evenly split in spin direction? Is there observational bias?
Discussion:
- Face-on galaxies can only be oriented two ways; edge-on configurations are far more diverse (and thus more common).
- Humans have shown psychological bias in cataloging galaxy directions—a mirrored image experiment revealed the flaw.
- Now, AI is used to avoid human errors in classifying galactic spin.
- Researchers claim a region with net spin, but it remains unverified.

8. Moving Earth: Plausibility and Pop Culture

[35:27 – 39:07]

Listener Question: How plausible is moving Earth, a la sci-fi films?
Discussion:
- Compared to Earth’s mass and inertia, even the biggest rocketry imaginable is negligible—like a gnat punching a blue whale.
- "Wandering Earth 2" is referenced, where rockets slowly nudge the planet across space.
- Quote (Neil):
  
  “It’s not even a mosquito punching an elephant—it’s a gnat in scuba gear punching a blue whale.” (37:20)

9. Relativity & Invariants

[39:07 – 41:14]

Listener Question: When observers see the same process differently, what remains invariant?
Discussion:
- The speed of light is invariant for all observers.
- Space-time “interval”—the combined length of vectors in space and time—is also invariant.
- Neil uses triangle/hypotenuse analogy to relate space and time vectors for different observers.

10. Colliding Galaxies Despite Expanding Universe

[41:34 – 44:02]

Listener Question: Why will the Milky Way and Andromeda collide, given cosmic expansion?
Discussion:
- Nearby galaxies’ gravity overpowers local effects of cosmic expansion.
- “Big Rip” scenario: eventually, cosmic expansion could tear apart even gravitationally bound systems if it accelerates enough.

11. Black Holes: What Can We See?

[44:12 – 46:13]

Listener Question: Does a black hole look the same from all sides? Can you "get behind" a black hole?
Discussion:
- Thanks to extreme gravity, light from “behind” a black hole bends around, so we see all sides of the accretion disk—an effect spectacularly visualized in "Interstellar."
- Quote (Neil):
  
  “You can go behind the black hole, but then I’m going to see your ass in front of the black hole—because the light travels to it. When you see curved light, you don’t know that it’s curved.” (45:24)

Notable Quotes & Moments

On Faraday’s invention:

“I don’t know of what value this will be to the British Empire, but I know that one day you will tax it.” – Neil recounting a possibly apocryphal Faraday quote (05:32)
On the sunbathing proof for solar power:

“The sun is 93 million miles away and if you lay your ass on the beach, it will burn you.” – Chuck Nice (09:06)
On time:

“We are prisoners of the present, forever transitioning between our inaccessible past and our unknowable future.” – Neil deGrasse Tyson (24:54)
On futile efforts to move Earth:

“It’s not a mosquito punching an elephant—it’s a gnat in scuba gear punching a blue whale.” – Neil deGrasse Tyson (37:20)
On relativistic invariants:

“The speed of light. So no matter what’s going on, if they measure the speed of light, they’re gonna get the same answer.” – Neil deGrasse Tyson (39:50)
On black holes and curved light:

“You can go behind the black hole, but then I’m gonna see your ass in front of the black hole.” – Neil deGrasse Tyson (45:24)

Memorable Pop Culture and Science References:

“The Expanse”: realistic depiction of inertia in space travel
“Interstellar”: visualization of black holes
“Wandering Earth 2”: concept of moving Earth
Faraday and the origins of electricity
Recent AI use in galaxy classification to avoid human bias

Timestamps for Important Segments

03:20 – Converting motion to electricity (Faraday’s law, turbines)
06:51 – Turbines in geothermal, solar differences
07:44 – Solar power in space, China’s plans
10:13 – Sun’s hydrogen fuel, “blue straggler” stars
15:53 – Artificial gravity & acceleration in sci-fi
18:15 – Warp drives, “The Expanse” and handling inertia
20:59 – The search for the graviton
23:35 – Time: field or dimension?
25:17 – Information in a coil of steel wire
27:49 – Galactic spin directions, human bias, and AI
35:27 – Moving Earth: real physics vs. movies
39:07 – Relativity: invariants across observers
41:34 – Milky Way/Andromeda future collision amid expansion
44:12 – Visualizing black holes & their accretion disks

Tone and Language

Neil deGrasse Tyson and Chuck Nice maintain a lively, humorous, and accessible tone, using analogies and pop culture metaphors to clarify scientific points. Chuck often plays the comic relief and curious everyman, while Neil grounds the discussion in real astrophysics and gently ribbing his co-host. Both are quick to stray into playful banter, but always loop back to the science in a way that’s both educational and fun.