SYMHC Classics: Ko'olau Rebellion

Summary

Summary: Stuff You Missed in History Class
Episode: SYMHC Classics: Ko'olau Rebellion
Release Date: November 30, 2024

---

Introduction

In the SYMHC Classics: Ko'olau Rebellion episode of Stuff You Missed in History Class, hosts Holly Frey and Tracy B. Wilson delve into a poignant chapter of Hawaiian history intertwined with the impact of Hansen's disease (leprosy). This episode explores the cultural, medical, and political ramifications of leprosy in Hawaii, culminating in the dramatic Ko'olau Rebellion—a significant yet often overlooked event.

---

Historical Context of Hansen's Disease

Holly Frey begins by outlining the nature of Hansen's disease, emphasizing its identification by Norwegian physician Gerhard Heinrich Armauer Hansen in 1873. Before effective antibiotic treatments, leprosy was a misunderstood and feared condition, leading to severe social stigmatization and harsh public health measures.

"Hansen's disease is a bacterial infection... Today it's easily treatable with antibiotics, although treatment usually takes a lot longer than a course of antibiotics for, say, a strep throat."
[06:15] - Ryan Seacrest

Leprosy in Hawaii and Cultural Responses

Tracy B. Wilson highlights Hawaii's unique response to leprosy compared to Western societies. Emphasizing the Hawaiian concept of ohana (family), initially, affected individuals were cared for within their families rather than being isolated.

"A central part of Hawaiian culture is the idea of ohana... their family pulled together to take care of them at home."
[04:27] - Tracy B. Wilson

However, increasing influence from American business interests led to drastic policy changes.

The 1865 Leprosy Act and Creation of Kalaupapa

Under pressure from white business interests and the newly established Board of Health, the Hawaiian government enacted the 1865 Leprosy Act, which criminalized the disease and mandated lifelong confinement for those diagnosed. This act led to the establishment of the Kalaupapa Leprosarium on Molokai, primarily affecting Native Hawaiians.

"This act authorized the government to purchase land to be used as a leprosarium... It basically criminalized leprosy and sentenced anybody who was deemed to be incurable to confinement for life."
[10:30] - Ryan Seacrest

The separation from ohana and homeland was particularly traumatic, starkly contrasting Hawaiian cultural values.

"Being separated from a person's family in place of birth did not stop once a person was at Kalaupapa."
[12:09] - Tracy B. Wilson

The Ko'olau Rebellion

Background and Key Figures

By the late 19th century, resistance against forced relocation grew. Tracy B. Wilson introduces Paniolo Kaluai Okoolau (known as Koolau), a central figure in the impending rebellion.

"One of them was a man known as Koolau, whose full name was Paniolo Kaluai Okoolau."
[19:11] - Tracy B. Wilson

The Killing of Sheriff Stolza

In June 1893, Sheriff Louis H. Stolza was dispatched to enforce the relocation orders. Despite initial compliance from most residents, Koolau and his family resisted.

"Koolau shot and killed Sheriff Stolza."
[21:58] - Tracy B. Wilson

This act of defiance ignited the Ko'olau Rebellion, marking a significant resistance against oppressive public health policies.

Government Response and Martial Law

In retaliation, the Hawaiian government declared martial law, assembling a substantial armed force to quell the rebellion. Despite their limited resources compared to the authorities, Koolau and his followers initially resisted.

"The government responded by implementing martial law and mustering a force of about 35 armed men."
[22:12] - Ryan Seacrest

Realizing the futility of continued resistance against overwhelming force, Koolau advised cooperation, leading to his and his family's eventual escape into the remote Kalalau Valley.

Aftermath and Legacy

Koolau lived in isolation for years, enduring the harsh realities of exile until his death from Hansen's disease. His resistance became emblematic of Hawaiian resilience and the fight against unjust policies.

"Koolau became a folk hero and an important figure in Hawaiian culture."
[22:50] - Ryan Seacrest

Father Damien's Role

Parallel to the Ko'olau Rebellion, the episode explores the contributions of Father Damien (Joseph de Vouster), a Catholic priest who dedicated his life to caring for Hansen's disease patients.

"Father Damien became one of the many religious caregivers who tried to give the Hansen's disease patients... a better quality of life."
[30:13] - Ryan Seacrest

Despite his compassionate efforts, Father Damien eventually contracted the disease himself, dying in 1889. His legacy, while noble, contrasts with the systemic oppression faced by individuals like Koolau.

Modern Implications and Current Status

The episode concludes by addressing the lingering effects of these historical events. As of mid-2016, a few individuals still resided in the Kalaupapa colony, sparking debates on the site's future, including memorialization versus preservation of its secluded environment.

"As of May 2015, there were still 16 people who had lived in the colony who were still alive..."
[34:54] - Ryan Seacrest

Additionally, the narrative touches on the ongoing stigma surrounding Hansen's disease and the importance of historical recognition and reconciliation.

Conclusion

The Ko'olau Rebellion episode offers a comprehensive look into a critical yet underrepresented episode in Hawaiian and medical history. Through detailed storytelling and insightful analysis, Holly and Tracy shed light on the intersection of cultural values, public health policies, and individual resistance, enriching listeners' understanding of Hawaii's complex past.

---

Notable Quotes:

• "A central part of Hawaiian culture is the idea of ohana..." — Tracy B. Wilson [04:27]
• "Koolau shot and killed Sheriff Stolza." — Tracy B. Wilson [21:58]
• "Being separated from a person's family... did not stop once a person was at Kalaupapa." — Tracy B. Wilson [12:09]
• "Koolau became a folk hero and an important figure in Hawaiian culture." — Ryan Seacrest [22:50]

---

This episode serves as a vital reminder of the profound impacts of disease, policy, and cultural resilience, offering listeners a nuanced perspective on historical injustices and the enduring spirit of resistance.

Transcript

[Ryan Seacrest]

Shop Dell Technologies Black Friday event for their lowest prices of the year. The Future is on sale today with limited time deals on select PCs like the XPS 16 that accelerate AI with Intel Core Ultra processors. Black Friday is their biggest sale of.

[Chelsea Handler]

The year and the best time to.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Upgrade, but it's only here for a limited time. Shop [e-mail] deals that's dell.com deals.

[Chelsea Handler]

With Shipt same Day Delivery you get more than just groceries delivered by hand from your favorite stores. You get to hunker down for holiday movie night, toast mimosas with friends, or check out the neighborhood light displays. So while a shopper with Shipt checks off your grocery list or makes that last minute trip to the store, you get the greatest gift of all. More. You get more from the holidays. Download the Shipt app and start shopping today.

[Ryan Seacrest]

What does every grocery store aisle now have in common? Products that come in paper packaging. And not just the obvious ones like cereal boxes and juice cartons. From beauty products to boxed water, there are more opportunities to go papertarian than ever before. So why should you? Because paper comes from a renewable resource and can be recycled up to seven times. Simply put, it's the smart choice for the environment and it turns out, the easiest choice for you. Learn more at howlifeunfolds.com Papertarium when you.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Choose to earn your degree online from Southern New Hampshire University, you're saying yes to new opportunities and to new adventures. You're saying yes to something big, something you've always wanted to do. If earning your degree is one of your goals this new year, SNHU can help you get there. With low online tuition, no set class times, and multiple term starts per year, you can set the pace that works for you and save money along the way. Visit SNHU.edu today to get started.

[Holly Frey]

Oh hi, this is Chelsea Handler from the Dear Chelsea Podcast. This episode is brought to you by opill, the first over the counter daily birth control pill available in the us. I love shedding light on what's important for women's healthcare and one thing that makes healthcare easier is making birth control more convenient to access. Well, let me introduce opill. Opill is a daily birth control pill that is FDA approved, full prescription strength and estrogen free. Plus there's no prescription needed. Finally, the days of needing a prescription for birth control are over. A sentence I very much enjoy saying. This is our moment to take control of our health and reproductive journeys. Because OPill is birth control in your control. OPill is available online and at most major retailers use code OP I L L O T C O P I L L O T C for 25% off your first month of [e-mail].

[Ryan Seacrest]

Happy Saturday. An upcoming episode of the show is going to talk a bit about the development of the first effective treatment for leprosy, also called Hansen's disease, to be used in US territory. That work happened in Hawaii in the early 20th century, and we have a past episode related to the history of Hansen's disease in Hawaii. So to provide a little more context for that upcoming discussion, we are running it as today's Saturday classic.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

@ the end of this classic, we talk about people still living at the formal leprosarium at Kalaupapa as of 20 2016, which was when this episode originally came out, and discussions of what to do with that site. Efforts are underway to build a memorial there, including legislation granting $5 million of funding for that, which was in 2022. As of May of 2024, eight patients from the Klaupapa Registry were still living in both Klaupapa and Oahu, and also often traveling in between those two places.

[Ryan Seacrest]

This episode originally came out on March 2, 2016. Enjoy. Welcome to Stuff youf Missed in History Class, a production of iHeartRadio.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Hello and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy B. Wilson.

[Ryan Seacrest]

And I'm Holly Frey.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

It has been quite a while since Hawaiian History made an appearance on our podcast. Back in 2010, Katie and Sarah covered a long arc of Hawaii's history, from its unification under Kamehameha the Great, which was completed in 1810, to the overthrow of its last monarch, Liliulokalani, which was only 83 years later, and that was at the hands of American business interests with the support of United States troops. Today's episode is connected to that history, but those two shows from the archive while totally are worth listening to, aren't really required listening to understand what we're talking about today. Sometime probably in the late 18th or early 19th century, leprosy, which is now known as Hansen's disease, was introduced to Hawaii. And as this disease was spreading through a population that had no resistance to it, businessmen, especially from the United States, were having an increasing influence on the Hawaiian government. This influence had a direct effect on how Hawaii approached the disease and its spread.

[Ryan Seacrest]

We'll start by setting the stage with some information about Hansen's Disease. Named for Norwegian scientist and physician Gerhard Heinrich Armauer Hansen, who identified its cause, Hansen's disease is a bacterial infection. Today it's easily treatable with antibiotics, although Treatment usually takes a lot longer than a course of antibiotics for, say, a strep throat. Often, Hansen's disease is successfully cured after antibiotic treatment that lasts one to three years, and it stops being contagious after the first few doses. And it's not highly contagious even without treatment. For example, prior to the development of antibiotic treatments, only about 5% of spouses living with patients contracted the disease.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

In parts of the world where diagnosis and treatment are readily available, Hansen's disease presents itself mostly as a relatively minor skin condition, albeit one that takes a really long time for antibiotics to to completely cure. But in places where people don't have easy access to antibiotics and knowledgeable doctors to prescribe them, Hansen's disease can become much more complicated, damaging, disabling, and disfiguring.

[Ryan Seacrest]

As it progresses, Hansen's disease can cause skin growths, blindness, ulcers on the hands and feet, and softening of the body's cartilage as the nerves become damaged. People lose their sense of touch and can become injured without realizing it. A lot of the perception that leprosy causes people's fingers or toes to fall off is really complications from injuries because they did not realize that they were touching something dangerous. Hansen's disease progresses very, very slowly, though, so it can take years or even decades for it to reach the point where people begin to experience its most dramatic and damaging effects.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Somewhat ironically, it's actually easy for Hansen's disease to be overlooked or misdiagnosed in wealthy nations with good healthcare systems. This is mostly because it's rare enough that physicians in a lot of the world don't ever see it in their daily practice. So when somebody shows up with this, like, sore that feels kind of numb, they misdiagnose it as other, more innocuous.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Things, as was the case with scarlet fever, tuberculosis, and many of history's other most feared but now treatable diseases. Before the discovery of antibiotics, leprosy was regarded much, much differently. Before Dr. Hansen discovered that it was caused by bacteria in 1873, people thought leprosy was caused by everything from sinful behavior to curses. People with the disease were considered unclean, and of course, people recognized that it was contagious.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

We're not going to get into all of the various things that humanity tried while looking for a cure to Hansen's disease. But if you're interested, the podcast Saw Bones has an episode on it that we'll link to in the show. Notes. However, that combination of a contagious disease with an unknown cause, no effective Treatment and terrifying effects when left untreated meant that for centuries, a lot of societies around the world treated leprosy through lifelong quarantine of anyone who was believed to be infected.

[Ryan Seacrest]

This was particularly true in Western societies, in part because beginning in the medieval period, people started to interpret biblical instructions to shun and separate people with a skin condition as being in reference. Reference to leprosy. The root of this was a Hebrew word that really encompassed multiple conditions, including things that were pretty benign even at the time, like vitiligo.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Often the resulting quarantine zones, which came to be called leper colonies or leprosaria, were basically places where people were sent to die out of the sight of the rest of society. There are actually colonies still in existence today. And because of the deep stigma that still exists about Hansen disease and some Hansen's disease in some parts of the world, some of the people living in them have been completely cured, but have not been allowed to return to society.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Hansen's disease was first diagnosed in Hawaii in 1848, while Hawaii was still a constitutional monarchy. And for nearly 20 years after that first diagnosis, Hawaii's approach to patients was completely different from in Europe and North America. A central part of Hawaiian culture is the idea of ohana, which is a person's immediate and extended family, including people related by marriage and adoption. Also important is the idea of the place where a person was born. So for years, when a person was diagnosed with leprosy, their family pulled together to take care of them at home, surrounded by their ohana and in the place where they were born.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

The idea that you should be disgusted by leprosy was so ingrained in Western culture that the fact that Hawaiians were not disgusted became cause to stigmatize Hawaiians as a whole. According to Western thinking at the time, the only normal response to leprosy was discussed. And the fact that they weren't repulsed meant that native Hawaiians must be less than civilized.

[Ryan Seacrest]

In the decades after the first diagnosis of leprosy in Hawaii, white business interests, particularly American business interests, had a bigger and bigger influence on the Hawaiian government. This influence started decades before the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown. White men established Hawaii's first Board of health. And in 1865, under pressure from the Board of Health, the king in the legislative assembly passed an act to prevent the spread of leprosy.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

This act authorized the government to purchase land to be used as a leprosarium, along with the creation of a hospital. It authorized the Board of Health to arrest and confine anyone with leprosy it basically criminalized leprosy and sentenced anybody who was deemed to be incurable to confinement for life. On the island of Molokai, a portion of the peninsula of Kalaupapa, which at the time was better known by the name Makenaluna, was acquired for the leprosarium. Overwhelmingly, the people who were sentenced to live there under the act were Native Hawaiians. That was 97% of the people exiled within the first 20 years after the act was passed. And this exile was particularly harsh punishment for the people who were sent away. Being sent to the leprosarium cut off a person from their ohana and from their place of birth. For a little while, patients were allowed to be accompanied by a kokua or a helper, and that was often a person's spouse or family member, and that was their only tie to their ohana after being exiled. Eventually, though, this allowance was rescinded, so people were sent away by themselves.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Being separated from a person's family in place of birth did not stop once a person was at Kalaupapa. People exiled to the peninsula met, married, and had children there, as did spouses who were exiled there. Together. These children were removed from their families and placed in adoptive homes, usually on other islands entirely. And they were often not told who or where their birth parents were. In the words of a 1913 public health report, the children that are born to these unions are at once removed to clean surroundings and are cared for by the territory until they become self supporting.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

The rest of that report, by the way, is all about how generous the Hawaiian government had been to give people this well appointed isolation in an island paradise, decrying the notion that it was a prison, while also blithely talking about how anyone who escaped from it would be apprehended by police and returned.

[Ryan Seacrest]

So the idea that you would just cut somebody off from their home and their family and send them away to be quarantined is completely antithetical to Hawaiian culture's ideals and values. In fact, the exile was so disruptive and traumatic that the literal meaning of one of the terms for leprosy in Hawaiian is the separating sickness. Another term also translates to Chinese sickness from the belief that it was introduced by Chinese immigrants.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

In addition to the fact that this punishment for having leprosy was particularly harsh in light of Hawaiian culture, there was also no real medical care available in the colony from 1865 to 1873, and the care available from 1873 until the 1880s was pretty minimal.

[Ryan Seacrest]

In 1893, one family in particular violently resisted the effort to remove them to Molokai. We'll talk about that after we first pause for a brief word from one of our sponsors.

[Malcolm Gladwell]

Black Friday is coming. And for the adults in your life who love the coolest toys, well, there's something for them this year too. Bartisian is the premier craft cocktail maker that automatically makes more than 60 seasonal and classic cocktails each in under 30 seconds at the push of a button. And right now Bartisian is having a huge site wide you can get $100 off any cocktail maker or cocktail maker bundle when you spend $400 or more. So if the cocktail lover in your life has been good this year or the right kind of bad, get them Bartesian at the push of a button. Make bar quality Cosmopolitans, Martinis, Manhattans and more all in just 30 seconds. All for a hundred off. Amazing toys aren't just for kids. Get 100 off a cocktail maker when you spend 400 through Cyber Monday. Visit bartesian.com cocktail that's B A R T E S I A N dot.

[Unknown]

Com cocktail congratulations to the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine for the first ever Malcolm Gladwell Tipping Point designation at this year's Unconventional Awards by T Mobile for Business. The University used integrated IoT devices and 5G solutions from T Mobile to enable multiple synchronized health monitors allowing for real time remote data collection and analysis. The initiative will shape patient care moving forward and for that, T Mobile congratulates the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.

[Ryan Seacrest]

If you use paper, you're a human. But if you choose paper, you're a papertarian, someone who lives a paper based lifestyle because it has a positive impact on the planet. And also because it's the easiest choice you'll make all day. Seriously, it's as easy as reaching for boxed instead of bottled water. It's as easy as opting for beauty products that come in paper packaging. It's as easy as grabbing eggs in a cardboard container. And that's all in one trip to the grocery store. Which, if everyone's being honest, you were planning to go to anyway. But paper isn't just an easy choice. Papertarians know that. It's the smart choice too, because paper comes from trees, a renewable and sustainably managed resource. And paper products are designed to be recycled. In fact, when you choose products that come in paper based packaging, those fibers can go on to be recycled up to seven times. So why wouldn't you go papertarian? Learn more at howlifeunfolds.com Papertarian.

[Chelsea Handler]

Attention parents and grandparents Are you searching for the perfect gift for your kids this holiday season? Give the gift of adventure that will last all year long. A Guardian Bike the easiest, safest and quickest bikes for kids to learn on Kids are learning to ride in just one day. No training wheels needed. What makes Guardian Bikes special? They're the easiest to ride thanks to the thoughtful engineering, lightweight frames and kid friendly components. Kids love how fun and easy they are to ride and parents appreciate the safety features like the patented braking system that prevents head over handlebar accidents. Guardian Bikes are the only kids bikes designed and assembled in the USA factory ensuring top notch quality and durability. They're built to last and make perfect hand me downs. Join the hundreds of thousands of happy families by getting a Guardian Bike today. Their holiday sales have begun offering the biggest deal of the year. Save up to 33% on bikes. No code needed plus get free shipping and a free bike lock and pump with your first first purchase after signing up for their newsletter. Visit guardianbikes.com to take advantage of these deals and secure your holiday gifts today.

[Holly Frey]

Happy riding blinds.com's Cyber Monday sales event is happening now. Get some of the best deals of the season with up to 50% off site wide plus a free professional measure. Avoid the home renovation overwhelm. Swapping out old blinds for custom window coverings delivers big results and blinds blinds.com makes it easy and affordable. Skip the long lines. You're waiting around at home all day just to get a quote. With blinds.com, shopping online doesn't mean sacrificing quality, style or service. A blinds.com design expert can help you make the perfect selection. We can even handle everything from measure to install. Get your whole home installed for one low cost. With over 25 million windows covered, Blinds.com is the number one online retail of custom window coverings. Shoplines.com Cyber Monday sales event today for some of the best deals of the season. Save up to 50 site wide plus premium door busters and a free professional Measure up to 50 [e-mail] Rules and restrictions may apply.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

As we mentioned at the top of the show, with the help of the United States military, white businessmen overthrew the native Hawaiian monarchy in 1893, and one of the acts of Hawaii's new provisional government was to step up the enforcement of the previous 1865 act to prevent the spread of leprosy.

[Ryan Seacrest]

A small community had been living in Kalau Valley, Kauai, including several people with leprosy, and it had become sort of an unofficial leprosarium populated by patients and their families. The government knew they were there, but they hadn't done much to force them to move.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Before 1893, however, Attorney General and President of the Board of Health, William Owen Smith, issued orders for the people of the Kalalau Valley to be moved to kalaupapa. On June 24, 1893, Sheriff Louis H. Stolza was to lead the operation.

[Ryan Seacrest]

First, the sheriff visited Kalalau and tried to persuade the people living there to move to Kalaupapa, where, in the words of The Hawaiian Gazette, 4th 1893, quote, they would be properly looked after by the government.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Several of the people who were living there did agree to go, but a couple of them refused. One of them was a man known as Koolau, whose full name was Paniolo Kaluai Okoolau. Health authorities had learned that Koolau had contracted leprosy the year prior and had told him that he would be relocated to Kalaupapa. At that point, he moved to Kalalau with his wife and son, who also had leprosy, and said that he would kill anyone who tried to separate him from his family.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Since the sheriff had gotten all but two patients to agree to be removed to Kalaupapa, he left, intending to return later to convince the last holdouts. Once he left, though, Kaolau started trying to convince the rest of the colony that they should stay where they were. One reason he had previously been told that his wife, Piilani, would accompany him as kokua. But a deputy had informed him that this would, in fact, no longer be the case.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Gradually, Koolau convinced many of the residents of Kalalau to stay. When the sheriff returned with a constable a couple of days later, he was surprised to find that most of the residents were no longer willing to come with him. He temporarily deputized some of some of Kalalau's healthy residents to serve as guides once he returned with Reinfor to try to remove the entire community.

[Ryan Seacrest]

While he was away, Koolau and several others began planning to resist the sheriff. And when the sheriff came back, violence followed. Historical accounts differ significantly on what happened and how this played out. One newspaper reports that another patient deliberately lured the sheriff to where Koolau was hiding in order to kill him. And another reports that the sheriff was about to kill another patient when Koolau fired his gun in an effort to protect that man. Piilani's own account is that Koolau had heard that the sheriff was under orders to kill him if he resisted, and so he was defending himself.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Whatever the details, the result was that Koolau shot and killed Sheriff Stolza. The government responded by implementing martial law and mustering a force of about 35 armed men to force the relocation out of the makeshift leprosarium.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Once it became clear how outnumbered and outgunned they were, Koolau advised the other residents of Kalalau to cooperate, but for his own part, he, his wife and son fled. Law enforcement tried to track them down for days, including firing a cannon at caves where they were hiding, and at one point Koolau seems to have killed at least two other deputies in self defense.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Koolau and his family lived in remote and inaccessible parts of Kalalau for years, sometimes getting help from other Hawaiians in the area. Eventually, their son died and Koolau died of his disease as well.

[Ryan Seacrest]

After both of their deaths, Piilani left the Valley in 1897 and she composed a lengthy poem in Hawaiian about her family's story. Koolau became a folk hero and an important figure in Hawaiian culture, and there's now a play about him as well called the Legend of Koolau, which premiered in 2014 and it will be performed in Sacramento, California in April of this year. We're recording in 2016.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Koolau's Rebellion was really the thing that drove me to research this, and in my head, because it has the folk hero elements and the resistance of being unjustly exiled, I was not expecting it to be as sad a story as it actually is. There's also a Jack London story about this whole thing, but it is really not accurate. Don't read it for accuracy, for anything but enjoyment, even that like, I mean you can read it, but know that like not only is its portrayal of what actually happened not accurate, its portrayal of people with Hansen's disease is not accurate either. So even though I got into this episode with the intent of talking about Colau's Rebellion, we would be remiss if we didn't also talk about one of the other most famous figures associated with Hansen's Disease in Hawaii, which we will do after one more sponsor break.

[Malcolm Gladwell]

Black Friday is coming and for the adults in your life who love the coolest toys, well, there's something for them this year too. Bartisian is the premier craft cocktail maker that automatically makes more than 60 seasonal and classic cocktails each in under 30 seconds at the push of a button. And right now Bartisian is having a huge site wide sale. You can get $100 off any cocktail maker or cocktail maker bundle when you spend $400 or more so if the cocktail lover in your life has been good this year or the right kind of bad, get them Bartesian at the push of a button. Make bar quality Cosmopolitans, Martinis, Manhattans and more all in just 30 seconds. All for a hundred off. Amazing to aren't just for kids. Get 100 off a cocktail maker when you spend 400 through Cyber Monday. Visit bartesian.com cocktail that's B A R T E S I A N dot.

[Unknown]

Com cocktail congratulations to CBS Sports and Sony Electronics for their first place wins for Innovation in Industry at this year's Unconventional Awards by T Mobile for Business. In a collaboration that was clearly built on breaking new ground, CBS and Sony created a first of its kind broadcast for the PGA Championship. Using a custom built T Mobile Private 5G network to power the live production, they deployed a 5G wireless camera system throughout the event. The network's speed, combined with Sony's innovative ultra low latency video codec allowed for seamless, high quality footage without disruption. With that innovative approach, CBS gave broadcasters the tools they need to do what they do best take their coverage to entirely new places. These innovations will shape the way live sports are covered moving forward. And for that, T Mobile congratulates Sony and CBS for their unconventional thinking if.

[Ryan Seacrest]

You use paper, you're a human. But if you choose paper, you're a papertarian, someone who lives a paper based lifestyle because it has a positive impact on the planet and also because it's the easiest choice you'll make all day. Seriously, it's as easy as reaching for boxed instead of bottled water. It's as easy as opting for beauty products that come in paper packaging. It's as easy as grabbing eggs in a cardboard container. And that's all in one trip to the grocery store. Which, if everyone's being honest, you were planning to go to anyway. But paper isn't just an easy choice. Papertarians know that. It's the smart choice too, because paper comes from trees, a renewable and sustainably managed resource. And paper products are designed to be recycled. In fact, when you choose products that come in paper based packaging, those fibers can go on to be recycled up to seven times. So why wouldn't you go papertarian? Learn more at howlifeunfolds.com Papertarian.

[Chelsea Handler]

Attention parents and grandparents. Are you searching for the perfect gift for your kids this holiday season? Give the gift of adventure that will last all, all year long. A Guardian Bike the easiest, safest and quickest bikes for kids to learn on. Kids are learning to ride in just one day. No training wheels needed. What makes Guardian Bikes special? They're the easiest to ride thanks to the thoughtful engineering, lightweight frames and kid friendly components. Kids love how fun and easy they are to ride and parents appreciate the safety features like the patented braking system that prevents head over handlebar accidents. Guardian Bikes are the only kids bikes designed and assembled in the USA factory ensuring top notch quality and durability. They're built to last and make perfect hand me downs. Join the hundreds of thousands of happy families by getting a Guardian bike today. Their holiday sales have begun offering the biggest deal of the year. Save up to 33% on bikes, no code needed plus get free shipping and a free bike lock and pump with your first purchase. After signing up for their newsletter, visit guardianbikes.com to take advantage of these deals and secure your holiday gifts today. Happy riding. There's joy to be had in finding the perfect gifts for the ones You Love and Saks.com's holiday gift guide can make it easy. Whether it's surprising your hard to shop for Sister with a Chloe bracelet bag or gifting your partner a memorable scent from Gucci that matches their personality, Saks.com's handpicked guide can help take the stress out of the holidays, like adding instant cheer to your home with bright decorative or giving yourself some comfort by bundling up in a scarf coat from Tatem. Find gifts guaranteed to bring joy to everyone this [e-mail].

[Ryan Seacrest]

There is another famous figure associated with Hansen's disease in Hawaii for completely different reasons, and that is Father Damien.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Father Damien was born Joseph de Vouster in Belgium in 1840 and he became a priest in the Congregation of the Sacred Heart. Joseph's brother was assigned to missionary work in Hawaii, but when it came time for him to depart, he was too sick to go. So Joseph went in his place.

[Ryan Seacrest]

On March 19, 1864, Joseph arrived in Honolulu. He took the name Damien when he was ordained there at the end of that month, and he spent several years in ministry on the island of Hawaii.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

In 1873, he heard that priests were needed to help leprosy patients on the Kalaupapa Peninsula. Father Damien volunteered to go, and he was the first priest to arrive at the peninsula in response to this particular call. Three other priests followed shortly thereafter. There had been other religious workers and caregivers on the peninsula prior to this point, but as we noted earlier, 1873 was really the first year that there was any real medical care available there at all.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Once he got to the Kalaupapa Peninsula, Father Damien Became one of the many religious caregivers who tried to give the Hansen's disease patients, exile exiled there, a better quality of life. He tried to attend to both the spiritual and the physical needs of the patients. In addition to taking care of sick people, Bandaging their sores and providing comfort and counsel. He helped to build houses and a water system and to organize schools and social events. He also added a wing to his church.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

About three years into his time at the leprosarium, Father Damien was made the interim superintendent of the colonies, Basically the administrator in charge. That followed the death of the previous man to hold the post. He wound up being removed in favor of a patient named William Sumners, who was half Hawaiian. There was also some controversy over a minister that Father Damien had had had arrested during this time. The minister alleged that Father Damien's treatment of him had been arbitrary and that his demeanor in his post of superintendent was overbearing.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Several years after he arrived on the peninsula, Father Damien contracted Hansen's disease as well. This was due to the years of hands on care he had provided patients. And he died on April 15 of 1889 at the age of 49. He saw his contracting the same disease as the people he had spent more than a decade trying to help as the will of God.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

There have also been some more practical explanations put forth, which was that he apparently was kind of cavalier about maintaining his own hygiene during a lot of this hands on Care. In 1936, Father Damien's remains were exhumed and returned to Belgium. His body hadn't been returned there upon his death because travel to and from the peninsula was so rare. The remains of his right hand were returned to his original burial site in Hawaii in 1995, and he was canonized as a saint in the Catholic Church in 2009.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Although Father Damien was definitely one of Hawaii's most famous religious caregivers at the leprosarium, the way his story is retold today often has some problems. Basically, it's made to seem like everyone lived in squalor, Too lazy or ignorant to care for themselves. Until Father Damien got there and started fixing things himself and advocating for better treatment.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

This is really not true. Native Hawaiians had been petitioning for the creation of regional leprosy hospitals since the 1860s. And the reasons for why the the colony on Kalaupapa hadn't become self sufficient prior to Father Damien's arrival really had nothing to do with ignorance or laziness. A lot of the first patients mistakenly believed that their exile was temporary. So they didn't start planting crops that they thought wouldn't even have matured by the time they got to go home.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Others understood that their sentence was lifelong, but thought that this was just so unjust that surely it would be overturned soon, allowing them to leave. Also, the part of the peninsula that was originally set aside for the leprosarium didn't really include that much farmland. The nearby farmland that did exist was leased to healthy farmers or in some cases, the king.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Once farmland was turned over to the residents of the leprosarium, patients started using the fields as a route to escape because the way through the cliffs was less treacherous from there. This led the government to forbid people from living close to the farmland, which made it harder for people to actually farm. So there are lots of reasons of like wishful thinking and miscommunication and resources that all, all tied together to why Kalaupapa was not really that self sustaining before Father Damien got there.

[Ryan Seacrest]

So basically, it is clear that Father Damien did very real and compassionate work in Hawaii, and that in a lot of ways, his work with Hansen's disease patients was both tireless and selfless. But it is really not accurate to portray it as though he swooped in and saved all of these Hawaiians from themselves.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

From the time of its establishment, roughly 8,000 people were sentenced to exile on Kalaupapa. Many of their names are unknown because of spotty record keeping, and only about a thousand of them were buried in gravesites that were marked with tombstones. The peninsula's 14 different graveyards accommodated burial traditions from numerous religious faiths, including Catholics, Protestants, Mormons, Buddhists and the Hawaiian religion. And the engravings that do survive on some of the tombstones also reflect the languages of the people who were sentenced to confinement on the peninsula. They include Hawaiian, Japanese, Chinese and English.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Leprosy was finally decriminalized in Hawaii in 1969. The national park Service designated the peninsula as a National park in 1980.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

As of May 2015, there were still 16 people who had lived in the colony who were still alive, including six who were still voluntarily living on in the colony itself. And we haven't really addressed it before like there were. There are people in parts of the world who are still living in leprosaria who are not permitted to return to society. But then there are other people who, having lived in a place for their whole life, feel like it's their home and don't really want to leave. So there are lots of different reasons for why people are still living in leprosaria when there's not really a medical reason to keep them keep them quarantined. There's also a really passionate debate going on on exactly what to do with the former leprosarium site once the six people who were still living there have passed away. There are basically people it's a national park currently, and there are people who want to make it easier and more accessible for people to be able to visit the park. But there are other people who feel like an increasing number of tourists would ruin the rather remote and tranquil atmosphere that exists there now. That is some Hawaiian history and some medical history all rolled together. Yay.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Yay. Although a lot of it is sad.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

That'S how I feel about As I mentioned before one of the before one of the breaks, I really, as I was deciding what to talk about today, I have a I have a fondness for folk heroes and often folk heroes stories, while sometimes have have a tragic end, are often uplifting in their tenor. Yeah, like they often come off as an inspirational story. And like Koalao is definitely a heroic figure in Hawaiian Hawaiian history and Hawaiian culture. But then all the things that you have to explain to make sense for why that is are really upsetting. Thanks so much for joining us on this Saturday. Since this episode is out of the archive, if you heard an email address or a Facebook URL or something similar over the course of the show, that could be obsolete now. Our current email address is history podcastiheartradio.com you can find us all over social media at Missed in History, and you can subscribe to our show on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, the iHeartRadio app, and wherever else you listen to podcasts. Stuff youf Missed in History Class is a production of iHeartRadio. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. Here's to the season. From hanging ornaments in matching pajamas to building gingerbread houses with extra icing and staying up late to wrap gifts gifts and watch movies, these traditions make the holidays truly special. And through it all, the Chinette brand is there to share in the joy with the Chinat Crystal collection. Holiday tables are perfectly coordinated, allowing for excellence with less cleanup so everyone can focus on what really matters. Here's to the traditions that bring everyone together year after year. Here's to us, all of us. Find a local [e-mail] this is Malcolm.

[Unknown]

Gladwell from Revisionist History. Picture this. You're halfway through a DIY car fix tools scattered everywhere and boom, you realize you're missing a part. It's okay because you know, whatever it is, it's on ebay. They've got everything. Brakes, headlights, cold air intakes. Whatever you need. And it's guaranteed to fit. Which means no more crossing your fingers and hoping you ordered the right thing. All the parts you need at prices you'll love. Guaranteed to fit every time. Ebay Things people Love When a person.

[Chelsea Handler]

Calls 988, they're connected to a crisis counselor.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Crisis is completely self defined.

[Ryan Seacrest]

If you're wondering if you should call, you should probably call.

[Holly Frey]

A caller can expect to talk about.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Coping skills, talk about resources and ways.

[Chelsea Handler]

To move forward beyond the call.

[Ryan Seacrest]

They can call us, they can chat, they can text. And when they come out on the other side, they're feeling better.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Call or text 988 or chat 988lifeline.org.

[Ryan Seacrest]

Hey, it's Ryan Seacrest for Albertsons and Safeway. The holiday season is here. That means that it is time to start doing your holiday shopping. This holiday season, shop in store or online and get great savings on holiday favorites like Royal Dansk Danish Butter Cookies, a Signature Select Light Up Retro Ceramic Tree, Sylvania Mini Lights, Village candles and multiple scents, Pokemon, Scarlet and Violet card sets and more. Offer ends December 3rd. Restrictions apply. Promotions may vary. Visit albertsons or safeway.com for more details at. Amica Insurance we know it's more than.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

Just a car or a house.

[Ryan Seacrest]

It's the four wheels that get you where you're going and the four walls.

[Tracy B. Wilson]

That welcome you home. When you combine auto and home insurance.

[Ryan Seacrest]

With Amica, we'll help protect it all. And the more you cover, the more you can save. Amica empathy is our best policy.