C (9:33)

Foreign.

B (9:42)

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A (10:19)

I recently got to catch up with my friend and friend of the show, Greg Gillinger SVP for strategy and development at Integrity ISR to find out the latest on what's maneuvering in orbit.

C (10:34)

The first launch I want to talk about actually hasn't happened yet and it involves a Chinese commercial space company. I air quoted the commercial space company, but it's a company called Landspace and they appear to be ready to test launch what they call their Zhuque 3 rocket. And the interesting thing about this, it's got nine engines, very similar to a Falcon 9. And it also they're going to try and land the booster after they launch this particular rocket. They've done a couple of test firings of the engines. The rocket with a payload maybe I don't even know if it's a real payload or not, but it's been integrated. So it's standing on the launch pad in northwest China right now. And they've announced they're going to try and launch this thing and recover the booster no earlier than 3rd November, so early next week. So we've got our eyes and ears tuned in for that for sure.

A (11:31)

Is that the answer to the Falcon 9? Is that the idea of sort of the rough equivalent there?

C (11:36)

It's not as capable as the Falcon 9, but it's nearly as capable. So in terms of what they've advertised, in terms of lift capacity, it's about 80% of what the Falcon 9 is able to do. Unlike the Falcon 9, it uses methane plus liquid oxygen for a fuel which is a little bit cleaner burning fuel. Landspace was actually the first company to launch into orbit using Methalox. That's the new fuel type there. Your listeners are probably familiar. New Glenn uses Methalox as well as Starship. So this company, Landspace, has really been kind of pioneering in that arena as well. So we'll see if they're able to get this thing off the ground and then bring back the first phase of it successfully. That'll be important for China in terms of reducing increasing its launch cadence, the ability to get mass to orbit, as well as decreasing launch costs as similar revolution we've seen here because of the Falcon 9. And over the last couple weeks they had two additional launches of their Guo Wang Constellation. This is often referred to as kind of the Chinese version of Starlink, although I think it's going to have more capabilities than what Starlink currently possesses, at least ones that we talk about. So they were able to place a one launch, placed five satellites into into orbit. They've got two primary orbital planes that they're using or two primary inclinations I should say. So the first launch went up to an 86 and a half degree inclination, carrying five satellites. And then that was their group 11. And then they also launched something called, well, they're calling Group 12, which is nine satellites into a 50 degree inclined orbit. And so that brings our total number of Guo Wang satellites now to 95 operational satellites. They've got 18 test satellites, and they've also got three satellites in geosynchronous orbit, actually geostationary orbit as well. So all that together is about 116 satellites planned to have well over, I think it's almost 13,000 satellites. So you can see why having a very cheap reusable lift capability to low earth orbit is very important for these plants. And Guo Wang is kind of the state sponsored of these mega constellations. There's actually three mega constellations that China is planning on. Guo Wang is one of them. Another one is called the Thousand Sails or Kian Fan. And they actually had a recent launch as well using a long March 6C. All six of their launches have had 18 satellites on board, all going to the same inclination, which is 89 degrees. However, one interesting thing to note on this particular launch, the time between batch 5 and batch 6 is 220 days. So, you know, the better part of a year prior to this, the first five launches had a launch cadence of one launch every on average 54 days. So they encountered some production problems, it looks like. Right. So their second group of 18 satellites, what I'm tracking is only three of them have actually made it to their operational orbit. So they uncovered some sort of problem with their satellite manufacturing, I suspect. And I think that's what caused the, the extended period between batch 5 and batch 6. So we'll see how batch 6 behaves and what the implications are for their, for their launch cadence.

A (14:53)

I'm just thinking to compare Guo Wang, we just hit 10,000 for Starlink, so a little bit of catch up needed. But I'm sure the catch up can happen quite quickly once UK starts launching at a fast cadence. So I guess we'll see.

C (15:07)

Indeed. And there are others working on reusable space launch capacity in China as well. This is the one that appears to be furthest down the road, but certainly something that they're focused on more traditional launch. China launched its largest rocket, which is the long march 5 Bravo or 5B, and this time it had an extended fairing on it. So standard Fairing is about 12.3 meters. This one is about 5 meters greater, close, so close to 18 meters. Long in same diameter but just taller. You wouldn't do that on accident, right? So that to me indicates a larger satellite with either some sort of larger payload, maybe there's discussion about using a larger bus with more power capacity. Could be any of those things. And on board was what they call the TGIS 20 satellite, which is going out to geosynchronous orbit. Just launched a couple days ago. So it's still in what they call geosynchronous transfer orbit. So it's working its way out there. Expect to see that thing settle in in the next seven to ten days or so. The interesting thing about this is they've only launched two other satellites with this extended fairing on a long March 5th and that was the Yaogan 41 which they launched in late 2023. And a few months after that in early 2024, they launched what's called TJS 11. TJS satellites have a number of different possible uses. Some are used for missile warning, some are used, we believe for signals collection, and still others, we aren't really sure what they're used for. The Same manufacturer for TJS11 is the manufacturer for TGS20. And TGS11 has been associated with a signals collection mission on unclassified sources. So we're waiting to see where TJS 20 winds up in GEO. In the case of TJS 11, it is kind of in the vicinity of that Yan 41 satellite that I mentioned previously. What I didn't mention previously is Yan 41 is a geo based imaging satellite that we believe is capable of pretty good resolution from that distance. So about 5 meter resolution from a position 36,000 kilometers above the equator is pretty good. So I'm looking to see if where they put, where they wind up parking TGS 20, what inclination is it going to be? Is it going to have any other interesting Chinese neighbors that we need to know about? Maybe they're working together. We'll wait and see. The final interesting space operation that happened, I will say is that we had SJ23 which is one of these Chinese wandering satellites. It's out in, in GEO and spends a lot of its time just above the GEO belt tracking west. And then it decreases its orbit and it's under geo. So it starts tracking east and it's been tracking west now or is tracking west for about 220 days or so up until last week when China reduced its altitude which caused it to reverse its course and start tracking back to the east. So it basically covers from, you know, actually east of Guam all The way over to Central Africa. That's kind of its, its path, which is. Yes, it's a long way.

A (18:23)

Yeah, I mean, I'm saying it's like a weird figure eight almost as it's.

C (18:27)

Operating below the Geo belt. Every. Its figure eight is kind of tracking to one direction or another. So it's not completing the figure 8. It's kind of, you know, heading off to either to the east or to the west. What was interesting about this, this particular maneuver is that it looks like Chinese operators timed it so that it would. That SJ23 would have a. About a 47 kilometer close approach with another Chinese satellite called TGS14, which was launched in 2024. We don't know why, why this was done, but on its final furthest point to the west, SJ23 had this close approach with, with TGS14 completely safe. There was no risk of collisions or anything like that. And then, you know, about six hours later, they actually maneuvered and dropped its altitude and caused it to reverse course and pass by TGS14 one more time. And now SJ23 is tracking to the east. It's currently over, still over Central Africa. It only moves it tracking to the east about a half a degree a day, a little bit more than that. So we expect it to turn around once it gets past Guam again in about eight or nine months, I guess.

A (19:42)

Fascinating. Okay, so that's. Yeah. So that's China for today, but is anything else going on?

C (19:48)

So in 2014, they launched a satellite called the. It's been called many things, but it goes by the name of Luch Olymp K1 at this point. So Luch Olymp was kind of infamous for maneuvers around in geosynchronous orbit and would got in the habit of getting somewhat close to, never dangerous, but somewhat close to other Western communication satellites and then would just kind of loiter there for months at a time. And it did this a number of times over the last ten years or so. And it looks like it's still too early to say, but LUCH or Russian space operators recently maneuvered LUCH increasing its altitude over 300 kilometers, placing it into what we would call a graveyard orbit. So we're not sure if they needed. So it's now in the past it would drift a couple degrees a day until it got to its intended location. Then it would kind of join the Geo belt and stay in that one location for a period of time. Now they're tracking at about 4 degrees a day. So they either are trying to get someplace in a hurry. Or what's potentially is this satellite's mission has run its course and maybe they're close to being out of fuel or something and Russia's doing the responsible thing and getting it out of the way and putting it into this graveyard orbit. We won't know for sure for a few months. Apparently the satellite is still active in terms of communications, but this behavior is unusual for Looch K1. There's a Luch Olymp K2 out there that is still more than active and hanging out with Western communication satellites and geo. So there's still other things to keep our eyes on in terms of the Russians, but it seems that at least for now, might need to pour one out for Looch Olymp K1.

A (21:41)

Is there anything else that you wanted to highlight, Greg, since, since I've got you here, anything else that you wanted to share?

C (21:46)

No, I think the only other thing I'd say is that Integrity ISR we, we have a number of online courses that kind of break down some of the, the concepts that, that we talk about here. Maria and we're a company made up largely of veterans. And so the month of November we like to have a special sale for, for all veterans out there. So from the 1st through the 30th of November, we're offering half off the cost of tuition for many of our online courses. And folks can go to integrityisr.com or isruniversity.com and sign up there and we've got a special promo code. If they use T minus, then that'll give them the ability to save 50% off the tuition price.

A (22:31)

Our thanks to Greg Gillinger for joining us for our monthly Space Intelligence check in. And if you have a question that you would like him to answer, send it on over to us. Space2K.com is our email and we will make sure to share your questions with Greg. We'll be right back.

B (23:07)

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A (24:10)

Welcome back and I'm going to hand you over now to Torsten Kreening from Spacewatch Global with the latest from the European Space Policy Institute event in Vienna.

D (24:24)

Hello Maria, it's great to be back, so maybe it becomes a regular element of your show now, so but also hello space watchers reporting a day belated from the heart of Europe and from one of its most breathtaking venues, the Vienna Town hall in Vienna, Austria. If you haven't been there, Google it and get impressed by the architecture and the impressive beauty beneath its vaulted ceilings and golden chandeliers. The 19th SP Autumn Conference, organized by the European Space Policy Institute, gathers 382 ministers, heads of agencies, diplomats and industry leaders to debate one defining Can Europe truly become a space power? And what must change to make that happen? This year's theme, Europe as a Space Directionality, Priorities of Strategic Autonomy, captured the mood of urgency, a sense that Europe's next decade in space will depend not just on technology but on speed, cooperation and courage. SP director Ludwig Muller sets the tone and later closed today with a powerful message. Europe is a space power, not as a slogan but as an ambition we must realize together. He called for a shift from statement to substance and from ambition to realization, urging Europe to embrace open autonomy, interoperability and collaboration, not isolation. With 60 nationalities represented 35 from outside Europe, the world was clearly watching how Europe defines its strategic role in space. The early sessions didn't shy away from difficult truths. UK's MP Josh Freeman and Estonia's Mario Kardasic challenged Europe to break its own habit. Power means serious funding and the courage to fail fast. They argued that Europe's future competitiveness hinges on dual use, innovation and industrial speed, not bureaucracy. In the heads of agency dialogue, Germany's Walther Peltzer, Switzerland's Renato Caproon and Portugal's Ricardo Conda agreed the old divide between civil and defense space is gone. Kaprun called for open autonomy, a model that links sovereignty with cooperation. Conde highlighted Portugal's agility, issuing launch licenses in 45 days, and stressed partnerships with Africa and Latin America as part of a broader space diplomacy agenda. Meanwhile, Slovenia's Sabina Koleza reminds the audience that space power is also about climate resilience, education and societal benefits, not just defense or industry. One of the day's most talked about sessions was the Innovation Panel featuring Sindh o' Sullivan of Harvard Business School and Matthias Link of the Luxembourg Space Agency. O' Sullivan's words landed like a jolt. If we all believe ESA will be there forever, maybe that's the problem. She argued that Europe's lack of risk culture is the biggest barrier to innovation. The US multiplies new money, Europe protects old money. That's not how you win in space. Matthias Link offered a sharp contrast, showing how Luxembourg's commercial first model has created agility and success. We can't outspend bigger nations, but we can outspeed them. Luxembourg's approach, faster decisions, clear business plans and early education is building a hands on generation of engineers from primary schools to parabolic flights. Luxembourg is literally teaching kids to build rockets, not just talk about them. Both agreed that for Europe to lead, it must cut bureaucracy, scale capital and reward those who build, not just regulate. A particular striking observation came from the Middle Eastern Countries session where delegates spoke candidly about shifting alliances. In a world where US reliability is increasingly questioned, China is seen as an alternative partner, not necessarily out of alignment, but out of necessity. This message resonated deeply in the room. The geopolitical vacuum left by hesitation is being filled. And if Europe doesn't act decisively, others will. It was a reminder that Europe's space power is as much about strategic credibility as it is about satellites or funding. The Vienna Town hall itself became a symbol of Europe's ambition. Historic, open and visionary. It was more than just a venue. It was a declaration that Europe's space debate has moved to the center of political gravity. Merlag closed with energy and humility. Europe's space power will not build in isolation, but through leadership by partnership. He closed the event and confirmed the Vienna Town hall will host the conference again next year. And if you have a chance to be there, try to register. So, my four takeaways from Vienna. First, Europe must act with speed and unity or risk becoming a spectator in the new space race. Second, innovation needs risk taker, not just regulators and committees. Third, space diplomacy is now central Europe's partnership will define its power. Fourth, if the village is awake now, it must move from the Volkshall of the Vienna Town Hall. This is my short review where Europe's space ambitions meet reality. And left with a challenge to finally act as a space power it aspires to be. Back to you, Maria, and Happy Halloween.

A (30:11)

And a huge thank you as always to Torsten and the Spacewatch Global team for providing their insights for us. And that's T minus Brought to you by N2K CyberWire we'd love to know what you think of our podcast. Your feedback ensures we deliver the insights that keep you a step ahead in the rapidly changing space industry. If you like our show, please share a rating and review in your podcast app. Please also fill out the survey in the show notes or send an email to spacen2k.com we are proud that N2K CyberWire is part of the daily routine of the most influential leaders and operators in the public and private sector. From the Fortune 500 to many of the world's preeminent intelligence and law enforcement agencies, N2K helps space and cybersecurity professionals grow, learn and stay informed. As the nexus for discovery and connection, we bring you the people, the technology and the ideas shaping the future of secure innovation. Learn how@n2k.com N2K's senior producer is Alice Carruth. Our producer is Liz Stokes. We are mixed by Elliot Peltzman and Trey Hester with original music by Elliot Peltzman. Our executive producer is Jennifer Ivan. Peter K. Kilby is our publisher and I am your host, Maria Varmazes. Thank you for listening. We'll see you tomorrow.

D (31:45)

T minus.