Forging ahead with Testbeds and Proving Grounds.

Summary

T-Minus Space Daily: Forging Ahead with Testbeds and Proving Grounds

Release Date: January 31, 2025
Host: Maria Varmazes | Produced by N2K Networks

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Introduction

In this episode of T-Minus Space Daily, host Maria Varmazes delves into the latest advancements and collaborations shaping the global space industry. From groundbreaking initiatives in space security to ambitious asteroid mining missions, the episode provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future directions of space exploration and commercialization.

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1. Space ISAC Introduces International Testbeds and Proving Grounds

Key Points:

• Space Information Sharing and Analysis Center (Space ISAC) has launched a new program granting its members access to the Accelerating Space Capabilities 100 (ASC 100) test beds and proving grounds.
• These facilities offer both physical and digital environments that simulate space operating conditions, essential for R&D validation and the operational deployment of space technologies.
• The initiative is in partnership with the Aerospace Corporation, aiming to enhance collaboration across the global space industry.

Notable Quotes:

• Liz Stokes ([04:31]):
  “It’s not just a security focus, it’s also an operational focus so that we can solve this flight proven paradox because the faster we can get to flight proven then the faster we’re going to get ahead of our adversaries.”

• Alicia Miller ([05:34]):
  “Broadly we are about security and national security. So this new program is completely in alignment with our initial intent of the Space ISAC.”

Discussion Highlights: Maria converses with Ron Burke, Principal Director of the Space Enterprise Evolution Directorate at the Aerospace Corporation, and Aaron Miller, Executive Director at Space ISAC. They discuss the strategic importance of the new test beds in fostering innovation and ensuring the resilience of space infrastructure against emerging threats.

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2. Astroforge Commences Asteroid Mining Mission on 2022 OB5

Key Points:

• Astroforge has selected the M-type asteroid 2022 OB5 for its inaugural mining mission.
• The asteroid, approximately a few dozen meters across, is rich in metals and will approach within 404,000 miles of Earth in January 2026.
• The mission involves Astroforge's spacecraft Odin, which will separate from The Intuitive Machines IM2 mission aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, departing no earlier than February 26, 2025.
• The objective is to image the asteroid and assess its metallic content, paving the way for future mining endeavors.

Additional Developments: Astroforge has also secured a multi-launch agreement with Stokespace for subsequent mining missions, signaling a robust plan for scaling asteroid mining operations.

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3. ISRO Celebrates 100th Launch Milestone

Key Points:

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) marked its 100th launch with the successful deployment of the GSLV F15 rocket carrying the NVS02 satellite.
• This milestone underscores India's growing prowess in space technology and its commitment to advancing global navigation systems.
• The NVS02 satellite is part of the NavIC constellation, enhancing terrestrial, aerial, and maritime navigation, alongside precision agriculture applications.

Notable Quotes:

• Maria Varmazes ([05:34]):
  “The launch was hailed as a very significant milestone for India, but by the newly appointed chief V. Narayanan.”

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4. AST Space Mobile Receives FCC Approval for U.S. Testing

Key Points:

• The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted AST Space Mobile special temporary authority to test its mobile satellite service within the United States.
• The approval permits AST Space Mobile's initial five Bluebird satellites in low Earth orbit to connect with standard smartphones without needing specialized software or hardware.
• Collaborations with AT&T and Verizon will facilitate voice, data, video applications, and native cellular broadband capabilities during testing.

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5. Virgin Galactic Partners with Redwire for Enhanced Research Capabilities

Key Points:

• Virgin Galactic has announced a partnership with Redwire to manufacture research payload lockers for their upcoming Delta-class spaceships.
• These lockers are designed to elevate microgravity research by offering customizable, plug-and-play solutions that provide real-time data throughout spaceflight missions.
• The collaboration aims to lower costs and risks for researchers transitioning experiments to the International Space Station (ISS).
• Delta-class spaceships are slated for rollout in 2026, marking a significant upgrade in Virgin Galactic's research infrastructure.

Notable Features:

• The lockers are optimized for both autonomous and human-tended research, ensuring flexibility and scalability for diverse scientific endeavors.

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6. Weekly Space Traffic Report

Hosted by Alicia Siegel, the weekly Space Traffic Report covers recent and upcoming missions globally:

• Recent Launches:

  • Starlink Mission (January 27): Deployed 21 Starlink V2 mini satellites, including 13 with direct-to-cell capability. Booster B1076 successfully landed on SpaceX's Dr. Droneship after its 20th flight.
  • ISRO's GSLV F15 Launch (January 29): Deployed a regional navigation satellite into geostationary transfer orbit.

• Upcoming Launches:

  • Starlink Launch (February 1): From Vandenberg, California, deploying 22 satellites.
  • Japan's H3 Rocket Launch (February 2): From Tanegashima Space Center, delivering the Michibiki 6 satellite.
  • Rocket Lab's Electron Launch (February 3): Delivering five IoT satellites for Cannase.
  • Blue Origin's New Shepard Flight (February 4): Featuring 30 payloads, including 29 science and technology experiments, with a special simulation of lunar gravity.

Spacewalk Highlight:

• NASA Astronauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore completed a spacewalk, with Williams setting a new record for cumulative spacewalking time.

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7. Farewell to Brandon: A Heartfelt Goodbye

Key Points: The episode features an emotional farewell to Brandon, a valued colleague departing for new ventures. Team members express their gratitude and best wishes, highlighting Brandon's impact on the organization.

Notable Quotes:

• Liz Stokes ([17:20]):
  “Brandon, you definitely left your mark on the company in the time that you were here. But remember that goodbyes are not forever. They're just a pause in our shared journey.”

• Alicia Siegel ([18:07]):
  “I personally appreciated all your encouragement and support of my ideas here at N2K and Certbyte would have not launched had it not been for your support. So thank you for everything. We will miss you. Keep in touch.”

• Maria Varmazes ([18:52]):
  “Brandon, I will always remember that you set up your own recording booth in your own home so that you can have better audio quality on our shows. And if that isn't the way to an audio engineer's heart, then I don't know, try lunch or something. Really gonna miss you, ma'am.”

The heartfelt tributes underscore Brandon's role as a problem-solver, leader, and mentor within the team, leaving a lasting legacy as he embarks on his next adventure.

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8. Space History: Celebrating Ham the Chimpanzee's 64th Anniversary

Key Points: On January 31, 1961, Ham the chimpanzee became a pioneer in spaceflight as part of Project Mercury. This anniversary marks 64 years since Ham's historic suborbital mission, which provided critical data for human space exploration.

Highlights:

• Ham was one of six chimpanzees selected for the mission after rigorous evaluations at the Holloman Aerospace Medical Center in New Mexico.
• The mission achieved vital milestones, including surviving 17 Gs of acceleration, which informed subsequent human spaceflights.
• After retirement, Ham lived at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., until his passing in 1983, and was interred near Holloman Air Force Base at the New Mexico Space Museum.

Looking Ahead: Maria teases an upcoming interview with James Draper, curator of the Cape Canaveral Space Force Museum, who will delve deeper into Ham's mission and its legacy in space history.

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Conclusion

The episode wraps up with a reminder to listeners to check out additional resources and engage with the podcast through ratings and reviews. Host Maria Varmazes extends gratitude to team members and acknowledges key contributors, including a special farewell to departing President Simone Petrella.

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Additional Resources

For more detailed information on the topics discussed, listeners are encouraged to visit space.n2k.com and explore the show notes at spare.n2k.com.

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Stay Connected:
Follow T-Minus Space Daily for daily insights and updates from the forefront of space intelligence and analysis. Whether you're a seasoned industry expert or an enthusiastic space aficionado, our comprehensive coverage ensures you stay informed about the dynamic developments shaping the final frontier.

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Produced by Alice Carouse | Associate Producer: Liz Stokes | Executive Producer: Jennifer Ibin | Executive Editor: Brandon Karpf | Publisher: Peter Kilpe

Transcript

[Maria Varmazes]

You're listening to the N2K space network.

[Dave]

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[Maria Varmazes]

Today is January 31, 2025. I'm Maria Varmazes and this is T/T/20 seconds to Los Speed Reservo for deploy Virgin Galactic and Redwire to partner on manufacturing the research payload lockers that will travel aboard Virgin's Delta class spaceships. The Federal Communications Commission granted AST Space Mobile a special temporary authority for testing its service in the United states. ISRO marks 100 launches with Wednesday's liftoff of the GSLV F15 rocket carrying the NVS02 satellite. Astroforge selects an M type asteroid named 2022 OB5 for its first mining mission. The Space Information Sharing and Analysis center provides members access to an international federated network of test beds and proving grounds. And it is Friday. Hooray. So that can only mean one thing. On T minus Space Daily, our [e-mail] are bringing us the Space Traffic Report. They'll be going over the launches from the last week and looking ahead at what's to come in the next seven days. Stick around after the headlines for more. The Space Information Sharing and Analysis center, also known as Space isac, is rolling out a new benefit to its members access to an international federated network of test beds and proving grounds. For those of you who maybe haven't heard of Space isac, let's give you the cliffnotes version here. The organization was created to facilitate collaboration across the global space industry to enhance the ability to prepare for and respond to vulnerabilities, incidents and threats. They disseminate timely and actionable information across member entities and serve as the primary communications channel for the sector with respect to this kind of threat vulnerability information. So why do space companies need that? Well, we hope you already know, but really, it is a crazy world out there and as more things go to space, the opportunity for those things to be subjects of threats also increases. Anyway, back to the announcement. Space ISAC will now be facilitating access to the Accelerating Space Capabilities 100 or ASC 100 test beds and proving grounds for their public and private sector members. ASC100 has both physical and digital testbeds in proving grounds environments that simulate space operating conditions. And these facilities are essential for R and D validation and operational deployment of space capabilities. The Space ISAC is working on this in partnership with the Aerospace Corporation. And by the way, I caught up with Ron Burke who is the principal Director of the Space Enterprise Evolution Directorate at the Aerospace Corporation, and and Aaron Miller who is the Executive Director at the Space ISAC at spacecom just this past week to discuss this partnership.

[Liz Stokes]

Yeah, this is a big new program that Space ISAC is doing in partnership with the Aerospace Corporation. It's one of several things that we do. What we came to realize is that across Australia, the US and the UK and other places around the world with similar interests, there's a lot of testing capability, commercial and government funded initiatives that allow for us to advance the development of technology. So it's not just a security focus, it's also an operational focus so that we can solve this flight proven paradox because the faster we can get to flight proven then the faster we're going to get ahead of our adversaries. And that's what Space ISAC is about. Broadly we are about security and national security. So this new program is completely in alignment with our initial intent of the Space isac. And now you'll find services on our member portal that showcase the testbeds improving grounds across the Aukus partnership and we.

[Maria Varmazes]

Will bring you that full conversation next week on this show. Moving on to our next story now and Astroforge has selected an M type asteroid named 2022 OB5 for its first mining mission. 2022 OB5 was discovered three years ago and likely measures just a few dozen meters across. So why this particular target? Well, it's believed to be richer in metals than most asteroids and critically it will come within 404,000 miles of the Earth in January 2026. Astroforge's spacecraft Odin is a rideshare payload that due to launch as part of The Intuitive Machines IM2 mission no earlier than February 26th of this year on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Florida. Odin will separate about 45 minutes after the launch and then fly by its target asteroid 301 days later. The goal is to image the asteroid and then characterize how much metal there is there. Astroforge has also signed a multi launch deal with Stokespace for future mining missions, though details of that contract have not yet been released. The Indian Space research organization, or ISRO, reached a major milestone on Monday, marking the 100th launch by the space agency. The launch saw a GSLV F15 rocket carrying the NVS02 satellite lift off from ISRO's launch center at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The launch was hailed as a very significant milestone for India, but by the newly appointed chief V. Narayanan. The rocket launch was the eighth operational flight of India's geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle. It carried the NVS02 satellite, which is part of the Nav IC constellation, which will aid in terrestrial, aerial and maritime navigation and precision agriculture. Switching our focus now to the United States and the Federal Communications Commission, or the fcc, has granted AST Space Mobile a special temporary authority for testing service in the United States. The approval allows AST Space Mobile's first five commercial Bluebird satellites operating in low Earth orbit to connect to unmodified smartphones without the need of any specialized software, device support or updates. The testing will be performed with partners AT&T and Verizon supporting voice, full data and video applications and other native cellular broadband capabilities. And Virgin Galactic has announced that they are partnering with Redwire to manufacture the research payload lockers that will travel aboard their new Delta class spaceships. The announcement shows the space tourism company's ambitions to significantly upgrade the microgravity research capabilities that are available with Virgin Galactic. Redwire has already developed 20 research facilities for crewed spacecraft, with 10 currently aboard the International Space Station supporting research and manufacturing missions. The new platform will aim to enhance and simplify the research experience through the customizable red wire plug and play lockers delivering real time data throughout the entire spaceflight. These lockers are optimized for both autonomous and human tended research. They will also allow researchers to transition their suborbital experiments to payloads aboard the ISS at a lower cost and at a lower risk. Virgin's Delta class spaceships are currently scheduled to roll out in 2026. And that concludes our Friday briefing. As always, we have links to further reading on all the stories mentioned in our show notes and today we've added three additional articles for you to read. One's announcing the next meeting of the Advisory Committee on Excellence in Spite Space, another's on Polaris Dawn's recognition for space exploration and a third's announcing new appointments at ISPACE us. Hey T minus crew, Tune in tomorrow for T minus Deep Space. It's our show for extended interviews, special editions and deep dives with some of the most influential professionals in the space industry. And tomorrow we have my second chat with Dr. Cyan Proctor talking about her spaceflight on Inspiration4 and how it changed her personal mission. Check out this fantastic chat while you're unpacking from Commercial Space Week like I am, or preparing for my next conference as we have hit that time of year, or just simply catching up on sleep like our team is. You don't want to miss it.

[Dave]

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[Maria Varmazes]

Our partners at NSF are providing us the weekly Space Traffic Report.

[Alicia Siegel]

I'm Alicia Siegel for NSF and this is your weekly space traffic report for T minus Space. Starting off the week, we had a StarLink mission on January 27th. Falcon 9 lifted off at 2205 UTC from Space Launch Complex 40 in Florida. Of the 21 Starlink V2 mini satellites that were added to the constellation 13 had direct to cell capability. The booster on this mission was B1076 which flew for the 20th time and became the 9th booster to do so. It ended its mission by successfully landing on SpaceX's Dr. Droneship, a shortfall of gravitas. With this mission, SpaceX has now launched a total of 7,821 Starlink satellites. Of these, 827 satellites have re entered and 6,243 have moved into their operational orbits. Next we had a mission launch from India. On January 29th. At 53 minutes past midnight Universal Time, a geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle, or GSLV lit its solid core and liquid side booster engines and lifted off from The Satish Devan Space center. According to ISRO, this was the 100th launch since India established its spaceport on the Sriharikota island. To get to that number, however, you have to include some of the suborbital experimental missions and disregard the more than 500 suborbital sounding rockets that have launched from the complex. This week's mission carried a regional navigation satellite into geostationary transfer orbit. Once the satellite has reached its operational orbit, it can be used for navigation on mobile phones, just like gps. But since it's in a geostationary orbit, it'll only be available in the Indian subcontinent. Back in Florida, we had another Falcon 9 launch. On January 30, Falcon 9 lifted off from Launch Complex 39A at 01:34 UTC. With the Spainsat NG1 in its fairing, this satellite will provide secure communication for governments and emergency response teams throughout Europe. The NG in the satellite's name stands for New Generation and this is the first of two satellites that will replace the current spainsat and XTAR EUR satellite. The second will no earlier than September of this year. The booster on this mission was B1073, which flew for its final time as it was intentionally expended, wrapping up an impressive career of 21 flights. These missions included, among others, 13 Starlink flights, a CRS 27 cargo mission to the International Space Station, and the first Hakuto R mission to the moon. Closing out the week, we had a spacewalk on the International space station. On January 30, NASA astronauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore put on their EVA suits and opened the hatch on the station's airlock. At 12:12:43 Universal Time, sunny went out for a ride on the end of the station's robotic canadarm, which moved her into position so that she could remove a radio antenna from the station's truss. This was Sunny's ninth spacewalk and it proved to be a special one. She's now the female astronaut with the longest time spent spacewalking at 62 hours and 6 minutes total, breaking the previous record held by Peggy Whitson by nearly two hours. While Sunny was out there doing work and breaking records, Butch was on a quest of his own. He was tasked with taking samples around some vents on the station's exterior to see if microbes sometimes escape from the station, as well as if they survive and how far they make it into the space environment. The astronauts wrapped up their 5 hour and 25 minute spacewalk at 18:09 UTC. Going into next week, we'll have a StarLink launch on February 1st. This mission will take off from Vandenberg in California and deliver 22 Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit. The four hour window for this mission opens at 2248 UTC. We'll also have a launch from Japan this week. On February 2nd, an H3 rocket is set to lift off from the beautiful Tanegashima Space Cent center to deliver the Michibiki 6 satellite into a geostationary transfer orbit. The satellite is part of the quasi Zenith Satellite System which provides navigation and positioning services. T0 for this mission is expected during a two hour window opening at 8:30 UTC. Next up, we'll have another Starlink mission from Florida. Falcon 9 will deliver another batch of Direct to Sail satellites to low Earth orbit. The four hour launch window opens on February 3rd at 8:54 Universal Time. Later that day, an electron is set to lift off from Rocket Lab spaceport in New Zealand at 2043 UTC. The payload for this mission is a batch of five Internet of Things or IoT satellites for the French company Cannase. It's the fourth and penultimate launch for the constellation of 25, so Rocket Lab is calling the mission IoT for you and me. A few hours later, another Falcon 9 is expected to lift off from Florida. This time the rocket will lift two Earth observation satellites into low Earth orbit from XR's Worldview Legion constellation. The window for this Launch opens on February 3rd at 23:32 Universal Time and lasts for about an hour. The booster will come back to the Cape for a return to launch site landing, so expect some sonic booms if you're in the area. And wrapping up the week on February 4, Blue Origin plans to fly its New Shepard rocket. This flight was originally set to fly last week, but Blue scrubbed it after some issues popped up with the booster's avionics. The capsule is loaded with 29 science and technology experiments and an additional payload is attached to the booster for a total of 30 payloads, many of them provided by NASA. Blue Origin plans to do something special compared to other New Shepard missions as the capsule will spin at 11 rpm to simulate lunar gravity. The window for this flight opens on February 4th at 15:30 UTC. I'm Alicia Segal for NSF and that's your weekly Space Traffic Report. Now back to T minus Space.

[Liz Stokes]

You shall pass. Welcome to Fun Fact Friday, your one stop shop for the quirkiest tidbits of wisdom. I'm your host Liz Stokes here at NTKA CyberWire. Today's fun Fact is a little different. It's all about saying goodbye to one of our own. Our amazing colleague, Brandon is heading off to a new adventure. Fun fact about Brandon, he's been the go to person for solving problems, sharing laughs and keeping things running smoothly. He's truly been a team player and a fantastic colleague.

[Maria Varmazes]

Brandon, thank you for sharing your vision with us. Thank you for always being the voice of expertise and leadership, the T minus wonk. And thank you for believing in me. Please don't be a stranger. Brandon, I am seriously going to miss you.

[Alicia Siegel]

Brandon, I was really sad to hear you're leaving us, but I'm so happy for you. At the same time, I'm excited for the new work. You'll be contributing to the world with your company and I can't wait to see all that you'll do next. I personally appreciated all your encouragement and support of my ideas here at N2K and Certbyte would have not launched had it not been for your support. So thank you for everything. We will miss you. Keep in touch.

[Maria Varmazes]

Brandon, good luck on all your future endeavors.

[Alicia Siegel]

It was a joy to have you.

[Dave]

Here at the company.

[Alicia Siegel]

Best wishes to you and please keep in contact.

[Dave]

Good luck, man.

[Liz Stokes]

Brandon, you definitely left your mark on the company in the time that you were here. But remember that goodbyes are not forever. They're just a pause in our shared journey.

[Maria Varmazes]

Brandon, I will always remember that you set up your own recording booth in your own home so that you can have better audio quality on our shows. And if that isn't the way to an audio engineer's heart, then I don't know, try lunch or something. Really gonna miss you, ma'am.

[Liz Stokes]

Brandon, I have never worked with somebody who made me want to do so.

[Alicia Siegel]

Much more than I've ever wanted to.

[Liz Stokes]

Do in such a short period of time. I appreciate all of your insight, your book recommendations and support from the last couple of months.

[Alicia Siegel]

I truly would not be where I am today without it.

[Liz Stokes]

Thank you. Hey, Brandon, it has been such a great experience working with you and learning from you these past few years. Thank you so much for your encouragement and mentorship. It really won't be the same without you, but I am so excited for you as you start your company. Please keep us all posted on your success.

[Alicia Siegel]

I can't begin to thank you for.

[Liz Stokes]

All the guidance and support you've given me. It's truly been an honor working for you. And while I give you grief about it, I'm genuinely thrilled for your next venture. I know you'll conquer this role Just like you always do.

[Alicia Siegel]

Best of luck, Katherine.

[Liz Stokes]

Hey, Brandon. Working with you over the past couple years has just been such an incredible and amazing experience.

[Maria Varmazes]

And I'm so excited to see all.

[Liz Stokes]

The things you go on to accomplish and achieve over the next several years. I'll be rooting for you the entire time.

[Alicia Siegel]

Brandon, working with you for a year.

[Dave]

Was not nearly enough time.

[Liz Stokes]

But since beggars can't be choosers, take what I got.

[Alicia Siegel]

Thank you so much for everything.

[Liz Stokes]

I hope you have a great one.

[Maria Varmazes]

Bye.

[Liz Stokes]

Brandon.

[Alicia Siegel]

It has been an absolute pleasure to work with you.

[Liz Stokes]

I wish you nothing but the best going forward in your new venture and hope that it is every bit the success that I know that you can make it. Take care. Hey, Brandon. Thank you so much for everything you've done for our team. You're such a great leader. We really appreciate it. I promise I won't break anything and go Navy.

[Maria Varmazes]

Hey, Brandon, it's Peter.

[Dave]

I always knew the day would come when you take that big leap and start a new venture. I have no doubt it'll be a huge success. I'm so excited for you. Of course. I'm truly grateful for all the ways you've impacted our company and every single.

[Alicia Siegel]

Member of the team.

[Dave]

You're part of our DNA now. That means you'll always be a part of this team.

[Alicia Siegel]

Best of luck to you.

[Liz Stokes]

Well, Brandon, what can I say? It's been an epic adventure. Thank you for picking me up at Spacecom in 2020 and making me part of the T minus space team.

[Alicia Siegel]

I will forever be grateful for our.

[Liz Stokes]

Time that we've worked together. Brandon. Your dedication and energy have made a lasting impact. And we're so grateful for everything you've done. While we're sad to see you go, we're also excited for what's next for you. From all of us here, thank you for being such a big part of our team. We'll miss you, but we know you'll be amazing in this next new chapter. See you soon.

[Maria Varmazes]

We'll be right back.

[Dave]

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[Maria Varmazes]

Welcome back. We do love to dive into space history on this show, and nothing gives us that full nostalgia experience like thinking about the early human spaceflight program, which of course did not involve humans early on, but instead saw many furry friends take our place in the name of Science Today, January 31, marks the 64th anniversary of Ham the chimpanzee's spaceflight. He was known as number 65 before he safely returned to Earth. It was only after he survived the mission that he was named after an acronym for the laboratory that prepared him for his historic mission. This is where Alice gets excited, because it's right in her backyard. The Holloman Aerospace Medical center, located at Holloman Air Force Base in where else but New Mexico? There were originally 40 chimpanzee flight candidates at Holloman. After evaluation, the number of candidates was reduced to 18 and then to 6, including HAM. And then on January 31, 1961, HAM was secured in a Project Mercury mission designated Mr. 2 and launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida on a suborbital flight. We won't go into the methods that they used to monitor his spaceflight or detail why he experienced 17 GS of acceleration, but we will celebrate that he made it and the lessons learned have shaped human space travel. Ham retired from spaceflight and lived out his days at the national zoo in Washington, D.C. until he passed away in 1983, Ham was buried near Holloman Air Force Base at the New Mexico Space Museum in Alamogordo. Thank you for your service to humanity, Ham. You really were a great ape. And if you're like us and a fan of space history, we will be bringing you a chat with James Draper, who is the curator of the Cape Canaveral Space Force Museum, in the coming weeks here on T Minus, which does mention Ham's mission, among others. So make sure to join us for that chat. And that is it for T minus for January 31, 2025, brought to you by N2K Cyberwire. For additional resources from today's report, check out our show [e-mail] we'd love to know what you think of this podcast. Your feedback ensures that we deliver the insights that keep you a step ahead in the rapidly changing space industry. If you like our show, please share a rating and review in your podcast app. Also, please fill out the survey in the show notes or send an email this [e-mail] we're privileged that N2K CyberWire is part of the daily routine of the most influential leaders and operators in the public and private sector. From the Fortune 500 to many of the world's preeminent intelligence and law enforcement agencies, N2K makes it easy for companies to optimize your biggest investment your people. We make you smarter about your teams while making your teams smarter. Learn [e-mail] this episode was produced by Alice Carouse. Our Associate producer is Liz Stokes. We're mixed by Elliott Peltzman and Trey Hester with original music by Elliott Peltzman. Our Executive producer is Jennifer Ibin. For the last time, our Executive Editor is Brandon Karpf and we are saying a fond farewell to our President, Simone Petrella. Peter Kilpe is our publisher and I am your host, Maria Ramazas. Thanks for listening. Thank you Brandon and Simone for everything. Have a great weekend.

[Alicia Siegel]

T minus.

[Dave]

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