Reports, rockets, and revisions.

Summary

T-Minus Space Daily: Episode Summary – "Reports, Rockets, and Revisions"

Release Date: November 15, 2024
Host: Maria Varmazas & Alice Carruth
Produced by: N2K Networks

---

Introduction: Celebrating Apollo 12

The episode opens with host Maria Varmazas commemorating the 55th anniversary of Apollo 12. Maria recounts the historic launch of the United States' second manned mission to the Moon, which took off from Cape Canaveral on November 14, 1960, amidst a stormy sky. She highlights the dramatic event where lightning struck the launch pad and vehicle, causing a temporary loss of the spacecraft’s electronics. This incident led to the ingenious switch to auxiliary signal conditioning equipment, a fix that has since become a beloved meme in the space community.

Notable Quote:
Maria Varmazas at [00:47]: “And this triggered a famous fix of switching the signal conditioning equipment, also known as the sce, to the auxiliary position. The birth of an uber meme.”

Alice Carruth adds a humorous touch by mentioning NASA’s hypothetical satellite named "Apollo G. Oh Y" designed to apologize to aliens, eliciting a playful response from Maria.

Financial Updates in the Space Industry

AST Space Mobile

Maria provides a comprehensive update on AST Space Mobile, noting the successful launch of the first five Bluebird cellular broadband satellites during the quarter. AST reported a robust financial position with $518.9 million in cash and equivalents. The company announced a multi-launch campaign from Florida, partnering with Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket to deploy up to 60 Block 2 satellites between 2025 and 2026. AST’s global service will initially focus on key markets, including the United States, Europe, Japan, and strategic governmental sectors.

Notable Quote:
Maria Varmazas at [02:58]: “AST Space Mobile's global service aims to initially target key markets such as the United States, Europe, Japan, the US government and other strategic markets.”

MDA Space

Alice Carruth reports that MDA Space released its third-quarter financial results, showcasing a 38% year-over-year revenue increase to $282.4 million. The Canadian space mission partner also highlighted a significant backlog of $4.6 billion, propelled by a $1 billion award for FaZe’s C&D of the Canada ARM3 program announced in Q2.

Notable Quote:
Alice Carruth at [04:04]: “That's an improvement of up to 38% year over year.”

Citius Space

Maria announces Citius Space’s impressive third-quarter growth, with revenues rising 90% year-over-year to $1.9 million. Additionally, Citius successfully closed its public offering of 5.6 million Class A common shares at $1.25 each, securing $7 million before expenses.

Notable Quote:
Maria Varmazas at [04:31]: “Citus Space reported their third quarter 2024 financial results. The company reported revenues of $1.9 million, a 90% increase year over year.”

Impulse Space

Alice details Impulse Space’s new contract with SpaceX for three Falcon 9 rocket launches. These missions will support the development and deployment of Impulse’s vehicles, Helios and Mira, with the inaugural launch of Helios slated for mid-2026.

Notable Quote:
Alice Carruth at [05:01]: “Impulse Space has signed a contract with SpaceX for three Falcon 9 rocket launches that will support the ongoing development and deployment of Impulse's vehicles Helios and Mira.”

ABL’s Strategic Shift

Maria covers ABL’s strategic decision to exit the commercial launch market. Founder Dan Piedmont announced via social media that ABL will refocus on national defense and missile defense technologies following setbacks, including the loss of their RS1 vehicle during testing in July.

Notable Quote:
Maria Varmazas at [05:17]: “ABL has announced the decision to step away from the commercial launch market.”

Sierra Space and DOE Collaboration

Alice reports on the collaboration between Sierra Space and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to develop advanced thermal protection systems for space vehicles. The partnership involves Oak Ridge National Lab creating exterior spacecraft tiles capable of enduring the extreme temperatures of atmospheric reentry, with further testing planned at NASA's ARC Jet Plasma facility.

Notable Quote:
Alice Carruth at [05:43]: “The DOE's Oak Ridge National Lab has worked with Sierra on developing exterior spacecraft tiles that can withstand the high temperatures of reentering Earth's atmosphere.”

Contract Announcements

Southwest Research Institute and NASA

Maria announces that the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio secured a NASA contract worth $60 million over ten years. The institute will build three coronagraphs for NOAA’s Lagrange 1 Series project, part of NOAA’s Space Weather Next program.

Notable Quote:
Maria Varmazas at [06:19]: “Southwest Research Institute will build three coronagraphs for the Lagrange 1 Series project, which is part of NOAA's Space Weather Next program.”

Ispace US and Volta Space Partnership

Alice reveals that Ispace US has entered into an initial framework agreement with Volta Space to collaborate on lunar missions. This partnership aims to develop a commercial offering for "Survive the Night" capability, integrate Volta’s Light Port receiver into future missions, and deploy additional Volta payloads on the Moon’s surface.

Notable Quote:
Alice Carruth at [06:43]: “I Space and Volta have signed an initial framework for negotiations on a future partnership to develop a commercial offering for Survive the Night capability.”

Moon’s Surface and Planet’s Expansion with Abilio

Maria highlights Moon’s Surface and Planet’s expansion agreement with partner Abilio, which utilizes Planet Insights and PlanetScope satellite data to enhance digital agriculture solutions. This expansion provides Abilio with threefold the agricultural data across France compared to 2023, significantly boosting their capabilities.

Notable Quote:
Maria Varmazas at [07:03]: “Through this expansion, Abilio will have access to agricultural data across France, nearly three times the amount of Planet data that it previously integrated into ITS Solutions in 2023.”

Weekly Space Traffic Report

Alicia Siegel from NASASpaceflight.com delivers an extensive space traffic update, detailing numerous launches and missions:

• China’s Changzheng 2C and Kinetica 1 Launches:
  Multiple satellites, including synthetic aperture radar and Earth observation satellites, were successfully deployed into sun-synchronous orbits. Notably, the Kinetica 1 mission marked the first foreign satellite launched by a Chinese commercial space company.

• SpaceX Falcon 9 Missions:
  SpaceX achieved a record 17th launch within 31 days, deploying thousands of Starlink satellites with multiple first stage booster landings, demonstrating unprecedented launch cadence and reusability.

  Notable Quote:
  Alicia Siegel at [09:32]: “This mission marked the 17th launch by SpaceX over a period of 31 days, a record for the company thus far.”

• Upcoming Launches:
  Plans for future launches include Falcon 9 missions carrying the Optus X satellite, additional Starlink batches, India’s GSAT 20 communications satellite, the sixth launch of SpaceX’s Starship rocket, Rocket Lab’s HASTE program, and Progress cargo resupply missions to the International Space Station.

Notable Quote:
Alicia Siegel at [09:41]: “SpaceX has now launched a total of 7,324 satellites, of which 667 have reentered and 6,014 have entered their operational orbit.”

NASA Report on Space Travel and Aging

Maria introduces a significant study released by NASA, which examines the impact of space travel on aging. The report concludes that human spaceflight accelerates aging symptoms by inducing genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased inflammation. These findings underscore the necessity for developing a Frailty Index to monitor and mitigate health risks for astronauts during missions.

Notable Quote:
Maria Varmazas at [17:30]: “The report concluded that NASA needs a Frailty Index. Well, that's a phrase, Frailty index to monitor development of frailty related astronaut health risks during spaceflight.”

The discussion lightly touches on astronaut Suni Williams, who faced media scrutiny over her appearance, which she attributes to the rigorous demands of space missions. Hosts Maria and Alice defend her, emphasizing the authenticity and challenges of space travel.

Notable Quote:
Maria Varmazas at [17:00]: “The results provide insights into potential avenues for developing countermeasures to combat frailty related health risks for both astronauts and aging populations on Earth.”

Conclusion and Upcoming Content

Alice wraps up the episode by directing listeners to the Show Notes for additional resources, including a NASA call for proposals and a partnership announcement from Forsway and ESA. She teases the upcoming "NSF Space Traffic Report" and promotes the next day's "T Deep Space" episode featuring an interview on Decision Intelligence from Space with Sature.

Notable Quote:
Alice Carruth at [07:43]: “That concludes our intel briefing for today... We've added two additional ones to read about. One is a call from NASA for proposals to lease the Vibration Test facility, and another is a partnership announcement from Forsway and ESA.”

Maria encourages listener engagement, inviting feedback and promoting N2K CyberWire’s services for optimizing investments and enhancing team intelligence.

Notable Quote:
Maria Varmazas at [19:38]: “If you like the show, please share a rating and review in your podcast app. Please also fill out the survey in the show notes and send an email.”

Key Takeaways

• Financial Health: AST Space Mobile and MDA Space report strong financials, while Citus Space showcases significant revenue growth and successful public offering. Impulse Space secures a pivotal contract with SpaceX, and ABL shifts focus towards national defense amidst recent setbacks.

• Collaborations and Contracts: Strategic partnerships, such as Sierra Space with DOE and Ispace US with Volta Space, are paving the way for advancements in thermal protection and lunar mission capabilities. Southwest Research Institute’s contract with NASA underscores the ongoing commitment to space weather research.

• Launch Cadence: SpaceX continues to dominate the launch landscape with record-breaking Falcon 9 missions, deploying thousands of Starlink satellites and demonstrating remarkable booster reusability.

• Health and Aging in Space: NASA’s report highlights the accelerated aging effects of space travel, emphasizing the need for a Frailty Index to safeguard astronaut health and inform aging research on Earth.

• Future Missions: Upcoming launches from various global space agencies and private companies indicate a bustling schedule ahead, with significant missions planned for both Earth orbit and beyond.

---

This episode of "T-Minus Space Daily" provides a thorough overview of the latest financial developments, strategic partnerships, and launch activities within the space industry. Additionally, it delves into critical research on the physiological impacts of space travel, offering valuable insights for both industry professionals and enthusiasts. Stay tuned for more in-depth analyses and interviews in future episodes.

Transcript

[Maria Varmazas]

You're listening to the N2K space network.

[Alice Carruth]

The IT world used to be simpler. You only had to secure and manage environments that you controlled. Then came new technologies and new ways to work. Now employees, apps and networks are everywhere. This means poor visibility, security gaps and added risk. That's why Cloudflare created the first ever connectivity cloud. Visit cloudflare.com to protect your business everywhere you do business.

[Maria Varmazas]

55 years ago this week, Apollo 12 launched the United States second manned mission to the moon. Commander Pete Conrad, command module pilot Richard Gordon and lunar module pilot Alan Bean lifted off from Cape Canaveral on November 14, 1960 with the Saturn V launching Apollo 12 into a dark and rainy sky. And I mentioned that as the launch pad and later the vehicle were hit by lightning during liftoff, causing the spacecraft's electronics to go offline for a period. And this triggered a famous fix of switching the signal conditioning equipment, also known as the sce, to the auxiliary position. The birth of an uber meme.

[Alicia Siegel]

Mm.

[Alice Carruth]

Many a space hipster's favorite response to any issue. So happy anniversary, Apollo 12. It does remind me, Maria, that I believe NASA is sending a satellite to apologize to the aliens. They're calling it Apollo G. Oh Y.

[Maria Varmazas]

That gets a clap. That gets a clap. I like it.

[Alice Carruth]

Thank you.

[Maria Varmazas]

T minus 20 seconds to Los T.

[Alicia Siegel]

My voice is coming from a satellite.

[Maria Varmazas]

Today is November 15th, 2024. I'm Maria Varmazas.

[Alice Carruth]

I'm Alice Carruth and this is T minus.

[Maria Varmazas]

AST Space Mobile MDA and Sidus provide financial updates. Impulse Space taps SpaceX for launches ABL to step away from commercial space.

[Alice Carruth]

And we'll be bringing you the weekly space traffic report by our [e-mail] in the second half of the show. So stay with us for.

[Maria Varmazas]

Happy Friday everybody. And we are kicking off this end of week intel briefing with a roundup of financial reports that came out in the last 24 hours. We're starting off with news from AST Space Mobile which launched the first five of their Bluebird cellular broadband satellites during the quarter. AST reported a strong balance sheet with cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $518.9 million. The company also used the opportunity to announce a multi launch campaign from Florida. AST Space Mobile has selected Blue Origin to deliver Multiple next generation block 2 Bluebird satellites to low earth orbit on their new Glenn. AST Space Mobile's global service aims to initially target key markets such as the United States, Europe, Japan, the US government and other strategic markets. AST says the Cape Canaveral, Florida Space Force Station launch campaign, which is scheduled during 2025 and 2026, will utilize existing launch vehicles and Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket for up to 60 Block 2 satellites to low Earth orbit.

[Alice Carruth]

MDA Space has released their financial results from the third quarter of the year with revenues of $282.4 million. That's an improvement of up to 38% year over year. The Canadian space mission partner company also reported a backlog of $4.6 billion at quarter end driven by new order book $1 billion award for FaZe's C&D of the Canada ARM3 program announced in Q2 of this year.

[Maria Varmazas]

Citus Space reported their third quarter 2024 financial results. The company reported revenues of $1.9 million, a 90% increase year over year. Citus also announced the closing of its previously announced underwritten public offering of 5,600,000 shares of its Class A common stock. The stock was sold at a public offering price of $1.25 per share for gross proceeds of $7 million before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses.

[Alice Carruth]

Impulse Space has signed a contract with SpaceX for three Falcon 9 rocket launches that will support the ongoing development and deployment of Impulse's vehicles Helios and Mira. The first of these missions will be the inaugural launch of Helios and is targeted for mid-2026.

[Maria Varmazas]

ABL has announced the decision to step away from the commercial launch market. ABL's founder and president Dan Piedmont took to social media to share the announcement and explained the decision to focus the company's efforts on national defense, specifically on missile defense technologies. The decision follows a number of setbacks for ABL, including the loss of their RS1 vehicle during testing in July of this year.

[Alice Carruth]

Sierra Space and the U.S. department of Energy have unveiled a collaboration on thermal protection for space vehicles. The DOE's Oak Ridge National Lab has worked with Sierra on developing exterior spacecraft tiles that can withstand the high temperatures of reentering Earth's atmosphere over multiple frequent missions. Sierra Space and Oak Ridge National Lab have completed the first development phase of the patent pending thermal protection system. The next phase requires more testing, which includes subjecting the tiles to testing at NASA's ARC Jet Plasma facility, which simulates the conditions of reentry to Earth from space with heated gas flow.

[Maria Varmazas]

And we have a few contract announcements to close out today's briefing with Starting with the Southwest Research Institute of San Antonio being awarded a contract by NASA for a NOAA space weather program, Southwest Research Institute will build three coronagraphs for the Lagrange 1 Series project, which is part of NOAA's Space Weather Next program. The 10 year contract is valued at $60 million.

[Alice Carruth]

Ispace US and Volta Space have reached an agreement to collaborate on lunar missions. I Space and Volta have signed an initial framework for negotiations on a future partnership to develop a commercial offering for Survive the Night capability, integrate Volta's Light Port receiver into Ispace US Future missions, and deliver other Volta payloads to the.

[Maria Varmazas]

Moon'S surface and Planet has signed an expansion agreement with their partner Abilio and Abilio uses the Planet Insights platform and the company's PlanetScope satellite data to enhance their digital agriculture solutions. Through this expansion, Abilio will have access to agricultural data across France, nearly three times the amount of Planet data that it previously integrated into ITS Solutions in 2023.

[Alice Carruth]

That concludes our intel briefing for today. Stick around for the NSF Space Traffic Report and if you're looking for more information on any of the stories we mentioned, then head to the Selected Reading section of our show Notes. There you'll also find links to all the sources for our stories. We've added two additional ones to read about. One is a call from NASA for proposals to lease the Vibration Test facility, and another is a partnership announcement from Forsway and esa.

[Maria Varmazas]

Hey T crew. Tune in tomorrow for T Deep Space, our show for extended interviews, special editions and deep dives with some of the most influential professionals in the space industry. And tomorrow we have our latest AWS in Orbit episode talking about Decision Intelligence from Space with Sature. Check it out while you're catching up on your chores, stocking up for the holiday season, or packing up for your trip overseas like Alice's, you don't want to miss it.

[Alice Carruth]

And now a word from our sponsor, NordPass. NordPass is an advanced password manager from the team behind NordVPN, designed to help keep your business safe from data leaks and cyber threats. It gives your IT professionals control over who has access to your company's data and makes it easy for everyone else on your team to use strong passwords. Right now you can go to www.nordpass.com cyberwire for 35% off the NordPass business yearly plan. Don't miss out on that.

Alicia Seagull from NASASpaceflight.com brings us the Space Traffic Report.

[Alicia Siegel]

I'm Alicia Siegel for NSF and this is your weekly Space Traffic Report for T Minus Space. This week was quite a busy one and it started off with the Changzheng 2C launching from China liftoff took place on November 9 at 3:39 UTC from South launch site 2 at the Zhouchuan Satellite launch Center. The rocket was carrying four PISAT satellites into sun synchronous orbit. PISAT satellites are synthetic aperture radar satellites in X band that fly in a wheel pattern formation around the Earth. In this formation, one of them, which is called the Master satellite, is positioned at the center of the wheel with the other three, called assistant satellites, flying in formation around it. This type of flight allows the satellites to perform interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations, their X band radar systems at millimeter level precision going from China to California. A few hours later we had the first of five Falcon 9 launches this week. Liftoff took place on November 9th at 6:14 UTC from Space Launch Complex 4 East in Vandenberg. For this mission, Falcon 9 was carrying 20 Starlink satellites. Thirteen of them were direct to Cell and the other seven were Starlink V2 mini satellites. The first stage for this mission, B1081 was flying for an 11th time and it successfully landed on SpaceX's drone ship of course I Still Love youe. A few days later, from China again, we had the launch of a Kinetica 1 rocket, also known as Legion 1, with a set of ride sharing satellites. Liftoff took place on November 11th at 403 UTC from site 130 at the Zhuqan Satellite Launch Center. This mission, the fifth for the Kinetica 1 rocket, saw 15 different satellites launched into a sun synchronous orbit and all but three of them were Earth observation satellites. Some of them focused on remote sensing, such as the two Zhilin 1 satellites flying on the mission, along with the Tianyuan 24 satellite and the O SS1OL1 satellite, which was the first foreign satellite launched by a Chinese commercial space company. Other Earth observation satellites on board included the two Xiguang 1 satellites for commercial high resolution methane source detection and the deployment of six Yunya 1 weather satellites. Along for the ride were also three satellites called Xi Yuan 26A, 26B and 26C, which have been classed as experimental test satellites. Later that day we had another Falcon 9, the second of the week from Florida. Liftoff took place on November 11th at 17:22 UTC from Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The mission was carrying the CARSAT 6A satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit. Koreasat 6A is a 3 1/2 ton satellite manufactured by Thales Alenia Space for KTSAT, a South Korean communications company. Once at its orbital slot in geostationary orbit. The satellite will deliver broadcast communications services to South Korea rep the aging CARSAT 6 satellite. The first stage for this mission, B1067 was flying for its 23rd time and it successfully returned to SpaceX's Landing Zone 1 ground pad at the Cape, making it the first booster to fly and land 23 times. Just a few hours later, we had another Falcon 9 from neighboring Pad 40 at the Cape. Liftoff took place on November 11th at 21:28 UTC, carrying another batch of 24 Starlink V2 mini satellites into low Earth orbit. The first stage for this mission, B1080, was flying for a 12th time. It successfully landed on SpaceX's drone ship, a short fall of gravitas this week. We also had the launch of a Chongjiang 4B rocket on November 13 at 22:42 UTC from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch center in China. The rocket was carrying the Haiyang 401 satellite into a sun synchronous orbit. This satellite is an oceanography satellite, the first of a new generation of Chinese Earth observation satellites aimed at studying the oceans. This will boost and upgrade the country's capability to monitor ocean salinity and marine ecosystems, as well as perform long term climate change research. Coming back to the United States, we had another Falcon 9 launch from Vandenberg. Liftoff took place on November 14 at 5:23 UTC, carrying another batch of Starlink satellites, seven of them being Starlink V2 mini and 13 being direct to cell satellites. The booster for this mission, B1082, was flying for an eighth time and it successfully landed on SpaceX's drone ship of Course I Still Love youe. And a few Hours later, the fifth and final Falcon 9 launch happened from Florida. The mission started on November 14th at 13:21 UTC from Space Launch Complex Complex 40, and it carried another 24 Starlink V2 mini satellites into orbit. The first stage for this mission, B1076, was flying for an 18th time and it successfully landed on SpaceX's drone ship. Just read the instructions. This mission marked the 17th launch by SpaceX over a period of 31 days, a record for the company thus far. This kind of cadence, if prolonged over an entire year, could allow SpaceX to launch up to 200 times per year. That's a lot with the four Starlink satellites this week. SpaceX has now launched a total of 7,324 satellites, of which 667 have reentered and 6,014 have entered their operational orbit and to Wrap up the very active week of launches. This morning we had the launch of a Changjiang 7 rocket from China carrying the next Tianzhou cargo resupply spacecraft to the Tiangong Space station. The Tianzhou 8 spacecraft is carrying about 7 tons of cargo for the crew of Shenzhou 19 who are currently living and working on board the station. The vehicle also car raise cargo for the next crew complement, Shenzhou 20 which should be launching in spring of next year. Going into next week we'll have a lot more launches, so get ready. The first of these is expected to be a Falcon 9 from Florida carrying the Optus X satellite into geosynchronous transfer orbit. The 118 minute launch window for this mission is set to open on November 17th at 21:29 UTC. After that there will be another Falcon 9 launch from Vandenberg carrying another batch of starLink satellites. The four hour launch window for this one is set to open on November 18th at 5:47 UTC. And coming back to Florida, another Falcon 9 will launch carrying the next communications satellite for India's space agency GSAT 20. The roughly two hour window is set to open on November 18 at 18:31 UTC. Also next week will be the sixth launch of SpaceX's Starship rocket from Starbase in Texas. If hardware and weather cooperate, this could take place as early as November 18th. With the 30 minute launch window set to open at 2200 UTC next week we might also have the next launch of Rocket Lab's HASTE program which makes use of electron rockets in suborbital trajectories to test hypersonic technologies. That launch is expected to take place from Wallops no earlier than Midnight UTC on November 20th. After that we'll have the next launch of a Progress cargo resupply vehicle to the International Space station. The Progress Ms. 29 spacecraft is set to lift off from Baikonur on November 21 at 12:22 UTC and should be docking to the orbiting laboratory about two days later. And at the end of the week we'll have another Falcon 9 with even more Starlink satellites launching from Florida. The four hour launch window is set to open on November 21st at 15:53 UTC. I'm Alicia Siegel for NSF and that's your weekly space traffic report. Now back to T minus space.

[Alice Carruth]

We'll be right back.

[Alicia Siegel]

The reality is guys prefer naturals. And if it's natural body wash you're looking for, Dr. Squatch has got you natural kings covered. The ingredients, Naturals, scent options, naturals around the clock, moisturization naturally now available in store and [e-mail] Dr. Squatch body wash for Men who Prefer Natural.

[Maria Varmazas]

Welcome back. Our final story will come as no surprise for anyone that has followed human spaceflight for some time. NASA has released a report that says Drummel, please Space Travel accelerates the symptoms of aging. This is the first study to comprehensively examine biomarkers and pathways associated with spaceflight and terrestrial aging. Frailty and sarcopenia. The report found that human space travel induces genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased inflammation. Sounds fun. Anyone over the age of 40 can definitely relate to this one on terra firma. No comment on that report comes out the same week that NASA astronaut Suni Williams has come under fire for her appearance on the iss, which she attributes to looking her age. And we will say that she looks and is amazing. So let's please stop the rumors of issues.

[Alice Carruth]

Yeah, the tabloids jumped on that wait story way too fast for my liking.

[Maria Varmazas]

Same here. The report concluded that NASA needs a Frailty Index. Well, that's a phrase, Frailty index to monitor development of frailty related astronaut health risks during spaceflight. The results provide insights into potential avenues for developing countermeasures to combat frailty related health risks for both astronauts and aging populations on Earth.

[Alice Carruth]

So maybe we'll benefit from this study on how we can avoid accelerating the symptoms of aging without going to space. I'm in for that one. That's it for t miners for November 15, 2024, brought to you by N2K CyberWire. For additional resources from today's report, check out our show [e-mail] we'd love to know what you think of our podcast. Your feedback ensures we deliver the insights that keep you a step ahead in the rapidly changing space industry. If you like the show, please share a rating and review in your podcast app. Please also fill out the survey in the show notes and send an email.

[Maria Varmazas]

To space [e-mail] we're privileged that N2K CyberWire is part of the daily routine of the most influential leaders and operators in the public and private sector. From the Fortune 500 to many of the world's preeminent intelligence and law enforcement agencies, N2K makes it easy for companies to optimize your biggest investment your people. We make you smarter about your teams while making your teams smarter. Learn [e-mail] this episode was produced by Alice Carruth. Our associate producer is Liz Stokes. We are mixed by Elliot Peltzman and Trey Hester with Original music by Elliot Peltzman. Our executive producer is Jennifer Iban. Our executive editor is Brandon Karp. Simone Petrella is our president. Peter Kielpi is our publisher, and I'm your host, Maria Varmazas. Thank you for listening. We'll see you next.

[Alicia Siegel]

T minus.