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Jordy
You're watching TVPN.
John
Today is Monday, January 5, 2026. We are live from the TVPN Ultra Dome, the temple of technology, the fortress of finance, the capital of capital.
Jordy
We have missed you guys.
John
So many updates for you, but one that's not changing is that this show is still brought to you by Ramp. Time is money Save Both easy use, corporate cards, bill pay, accounting and a whole lot more all in one place. We are very happy that Ramp is staying with us on the journey.
Jordy
That's right. Massive news, new graphics package, if you haven't noticed. We worked with John Palmer and Luke over at Area Technology. They updated the overlay, the logo, whole lot of stuff.
John
The globe in there telling you we're taking you all over the world.
Jordy
That's right.
John
News every day.
Jordy
That's right. It is so good to be back.
John
It's amazing.
Jordy
So we met this morning at the gym with the whole team and I hadn't seen you for more than two weeks.
John
It had been the longest, the longest.
Jordy
Time we've gone without hanging out since we started the show.
John
I mean, last break was crazy. We were still doing. We weren't even live yet. We were doing it just as a podcast. But we still. I was in Yosemite once and we did like a 20 minute episode that was recorded locally and we had to sync them up and like edit it together. It was a very odd show.
Jordy
We did a show on the Eve of Christmas Eve.
John
We did very.
Jordy
That felt really unnecessary. But at the same time there was so much news over the last two weeks. There were a lot of moments where we wanted to be live.
John
Yeah, I feel like there were three or four, maybe five really big stories where we could have had great shows. But there were a lot of days where, ah, you know, it probably would have been us just hanging out, which still would have been fun.
Jordy
And there were a lot of situations to monitor too that were kind of.
John
Outside of our, our domain but still interesting. And we'll take you through some of those. But fortunately we have a ton of content and a ton of stories to get through because so many things have built up. The Grok deal, the Manus deal, Dan Wong's annual letter. There's so many different things that we're gonna take you through today. We have a very light lineup today. Just Justin Mares from True Med joining. But we have.
Jordy
Pull it up.
John
Let's do it. The linear lineup.
Jordy
There we go.
John
Which explains the run of show. So we're gonna be building this out for you.
Jordy
Try not to Keep you guys in.
John
The dark, show you exactly what we're doing when, so you know when to tune in. But we should kick it off with Dan Wong's annual letter. His 2025 letter. He skipped 2024. Apparently, this sort of rocked the timeline. Dan came on his show during his book tour for his excellent book that sort of reset the narrative around the AI competition. He uses this phrase, AI. He doesn't like the phrase AI race. He doesn't think it's something that you can win. A race has a defense, like a definite ending. There's a finish line. Whoever crosses it first wins.
Jordy
And that's where a lot of super prefers to say that the US and China need to win. Win the AI future.
John
Yeah. Yeah. And I feel like he.
Jordy
And this echoes what Gurley has said. Too true. Obviously, at the time, he was coming out in defense of Manus Benchmark's investment in Manus.
John
Totally.
Jordy
He was saying, I don't. He's like, I don't know what the AI race is.
John
I mean, he looks great. Now that Manus is, you know, an American company, It's a Meta property. So you and, I mean, the Manus team, of course, it was from China, but quickly moved to Singapore and now Menlo park, presumably.
Jordy
No, I think they're going to stay.
John
Stay there. But still, I mean, you have to imagine that a lot of the talent migrates and it's like a fully American controlled asset, essentially, now that it's controlled by America and Meta and Mark Zuckerberg, let me tell you about Public still with us Investing, for those who take it seriously. Stocks, options, bonds, cryptos, treasuries and more with amazing customer service. You can see we have a new ticker.
Jordy
Let's take it over to Tyler. Let's check in with Tyler.
John
Oh, yeah. What are we checking in with?
Tyler
Tyler.
Jordy
The chat Mrs. Tyler.
John
Oh, they just missed Tyler. How you doing? Also, and if he missed it.
Jordy
So we signed a massive contract extension with Tyler. He hasn't. He's not technically a college dropout yet, but he may as well be.
Tyler
No, It's a gap year.
Jordy
It's a gap year. It's a gap decade. It's a gap century. Tyler's parents, if you guys are watching, I'm just joking around.
John
It's the age of gap years. We're in the age of gap years. We're in the age of research, and we're also in the age of gap years. And so we thank Tyler for sticking around, hanging out with us. We're gonna have A lot of fun this year. So the Dan Wong piece, we should read through some of it. I wrote it inspired me to think about what am I really looking for this year. We've seen sort of benchmark saturation. AI can kind of do everything. Now we'll talk about The Claude Opus 4.5 and Claude Code. Sort of sensational takeover of the timeline. So many people clearly hadn't really tested Opus 4.5 when it came out, which was a couple of weeks before the break. But they got their time off, they were with their families and probably stepped out to the laptop and fired off some Claude code prompts and had really good experiences because it is really magical. The first time you go to it and you say, build this website and it just does it. It's actually remarkable for small hack people.
Jordy
Are throwing around the Claude AGI thing. Fortunately, we picked up a goal post.
John
Oh, yes.
Jordy
Yes. We have a camera view that we can put.
John
Maybe if I go.
Jordy
Just pull it over. So we picked up a goal post. So as we continue to see AI progress, we can actually move this goal post ourselves physically here in the studio.
John
Physically moving the goal.
Jordy
There you go. There you go.
John
Because my new definition of AGI is it needs to be able to smell.
Jordy
It needs to be able to smell.
John
It has to be able to smell. If it can't smell, it can't do all white collar work. Because I regard the job of a sommelier as white collar work. Now AI disagrees with me. I actually went to one of the models and I said, is a sommelier considered a white collar worker? And it said, no. And I think that's all just a psyop. I consider it white collar work.
Jordy
You often drink wine wearing a white collar.
John
Do sommeliers not wear white collars when they're serving wine? Absolutely they do. They should be considered white collar workers. And in order to fulfill the AGI promise of automating all white collar work, it must be able to smell. It must be able to decant.
Tyler
I sent you that paper though, that about the olfactory sense of training models to have olfactory senses.
John
Well, as soon as it gets baked into the next version of Claude, we'll need to come up with a new benchmark and then we will move the goalposts once again. Because that is the. That is the nature of the show. We continue to move the goalposts endlessly, but, you know, it doesn't move the goalposts. Gusto, our latest sponsor. It's the unified platform for payroll, benefits and HR built to Evolve with modern small and medium sized businesses.
Jordy
We've both been using Gusto for a decade now.
John
I went through YC with them or they were like right. Either right before me, I think they were 2011 or 20, 2013. And yeah, amazing, amazing platform.
Jordy
For over a decade, my entire career, I have been getting paid via Gusto. Used it, that's true at my first company. I still get paid through it. It's highly recommend continuous. So very, very excited to bring that serious, serious endorsement.
John
Anyway, back to Dan Wong, the goat. He is reflecting on the AI future, what it takes to win the AI future. And the thing that stuck out to me was that we've seen this amazing, just this remarkable march of research. The models are getting better, all the benchmarks are getting completely dominated. Then we're seeing the massive hyperscaler build outs we were reflecting on. What does re industrialization mean? What does American dynamism mean? What does this idea of America needs to build big things? We need to be able to build big things. New bridges, we need to build high speed rail. And we've failed at a lot of that, obviously. But we've, we've succeeded at building multibillion dollar data centers. No, yes, yes, yes. I mean truly, truly. Media has been a cultural export of America for a very long time. Yeah, but, but, but, yeah.
Jordy
So Dan saying we're good, we're very good at making data centers. Haven't been so good on the energy side.
John
Yes. And so, and so I tried to pull some of the data on. You know, my big question was like, we've been talking a big game about energy being a bottleneck for AI for a long time. It wasn't truly the bottleneck. The bottleneck was chips and then data centers and then just moving the energy around. But it feels like the last year we were just kind of shuffling energy assets around the board and that's why we saw energy prices go up. Where if just supply and demand, if we'd been building a ton of energy infrastructure, well, supply would have gone up and actual prices would have fallen or at least stayed flat because all the net new, all the net new data centers would just be using the new energy infrastructure. But that's not exactly what happened. So from 2008 to 2021, America's annual growth in energy production was 0.1% annually. Really, really bad. Not good, but it is getting better. The EIA's December 2025 Short Term Energy Outlook projects generation growth of 2.4% in 2025 and 1.7% in 2026, that's like what, 20 times higher. That's great. But also that doesn't feel like oh, fast takeoff. We're going to be doing 10% jumps. We're going to be really, really ramping up here. So it feels like there's something that still needs to change. And then simultaneously you have this massive political backlash to rising energy prices. And, and I think most importantly we've identified some of the characters that drive AI. We know Dario, we know Demis, we know Sam. We also have identified a lot of the people who are running the Neo clouds or doing build out of new data centers. We don't really know the characters. Who's the Elon Musk of energy is something I keep coming back to and we've talked to some of these people. Doug from Radiant is like a contender in the sense that he's building nuclear power plants. Isaiah is also getting in the race with data centers. Blake Shore from Boom is sort of pivoting or expanding into energy generation. But there's no one who's really become like the main energy guy or gal. Right.
Jordy
Yeah, I would say like Chase at Crusoe is potentially a contender. Totally unclear yet if he's a Joe Rogan CEO. Right, sure, sure. I feel like when you think about who the Elon of Energy, it's somebody that can go and throw down on a three hour episode.
John
Yes. But also Chase and the rest of the neocloud found are marshaling energy resources but not really driving the underlying infrastructure as much as I think they're more like let's go find where the energy is cheap, let's build there, let's do the construction project. So other crazy stats. So while we're growing at like 2.4%, 1.7%, China is consistently putting up 6% growth. So not great by comparison. China now accounts for one third of global electricity consumption and contributed 54% of global demand growth in 2024. So more than half of the growth in demand came from China. So stack that up over a few decades and it feels like the future is basically in the bag because if energy is a bottleneck, they'll have a ton of it now. I guess the wild card is maybe you go to space. Dan has an interesting point where he Let me, let me actually find this exact thing.
Jordy
You see semi analysis. Dylan was sharing that Venezuela has a bunch of underutilized gas turbines. No way he was showing satellite imagery.
John
Did you see their Instagram? I don't know if they have like a bug or something. But they posted the same video to Instagram like 50 times. And I think they might just have like automated it and it just like went haywire or something.
Jordy
Semi analysis.
John
Yeah, semiannalis, like the official semi analysis.
Jordy
Maybe they crack the code.
John
Maybe they cracked the code.
Jordy
Maybe like the trough wants.
John
It's a funny video of like all these guys in this, like bar, I don't know. And then it has some comment. It's just like a funny thing. But I was just like, why did they post this seven times in a row? Anyway, so what Dan says, He says, I think that. So he says, I believe that Chinese technological success is now the rule rather than the exception. He says that China's obviously caught up in so many different technologies, drones and EVs. There are two fields in which China is substantially behind the west, semiconductors and aviation. The chip sector is gingerly attempting to expand under the weight of US restrictions. Meanwhile, China's answer to Airbus and Boeing is on a very long Runway. I grant that these are two critical technologies, but China has attained technological leadership almost everywhere, everywhere else. And I believe its technological momentum will continue rolling onwards to engulf more of their Western competitors over the next decade. Quickly, let me tell you about console. Consol builds AI agents that automate 70% of IT HR and finance support, giving employees instant resolution for access requests and password requests and password resets. So there is one that I think he missed and maybe you put it in aviation, but I think space travel, like, they're way behind on rocketry.
Jordy
SpaceX, Airbus, they don't have that equivalent.
John
And maybe you put SpaceX and Blue Origin in the same category as Boeing and Airbus. I particularly don't. I think of them as separate technologies and I think of this as potentially like the third category that China's way behind in. And if you. I still weighed it with somewhat low probability, like, I'm still somewhat convinced by Delian's take that it's going to be really hard to actually get a ton of data center capacity in space on a short time frame. But at the same time it's like, you know, never bet against Elon. He's got to figure something out. There's like, it just feels like something that could happen and I don't, I don't understand enough of the physics to really, to really figure out what timeline it happens.
Jordy
That was also before people went on break and were using Claude code.
John
Oh, so now updating their data now.
Jordy
I'm going to put this up there.
John
Yeah. But if the end game really is like, you Got to do compute in space because the math just works so much better up there. Over a decade or two, well, then the advantage kind of flips back to America. But something needs to change. Clearly, we're not asleep at the wheel. There are a lot of companies working on this in America. Some public company stocks have already mooned. Lots of people are tracking the gas turbine market. Risky startups that could never get funded a decade ago are pulling in hundreds of millions of dollars now. And we are taking the problem seriously. But I'm interested to see how quickly things can actually change as the big AI labs mature and probably go public this year or next year. The neoclouds and hyperscalers build ever larger clusters and energy prices become more of a political issue. I suspect discussions of what we're doing to make more energy to dominate the conversation in 2026, let's get this growth rate up. So I'm optimistic it can happen, but I feel like it's the new benchmark that I want to be tracking. Obviously we were tracking the performance benchmarks of the models. Then we were tracking the diffusion. What's the actual revenue? Is it sticky? There was a lot of risk of, oh, this company comes up with some AI app, they, you know, ramp to 100 million. Will it stick around? Or will they just get, you know, sweet swept by the wayside and people will go back to doing it the old way or they'll use something else or they'll pay way less. All of those. I feel like we kind of beat all of the bubble allegations over 2025 for the most part. What do you think?
Jordy
I. I don't think that that is a public perception. I would say, like the most popular topic.
John
Well, beat the bubble will pop in 2025 allocations. Like, at the start of the year, people were predicting that, like, OpenAI would not be. Would not do an up round for example. And like, that just didn't happen. It was like all up rounds for basically all the major players. There were a few that got kind of stuck in quagmire.
Jordy
Yeah, I would say that we've, in general, things have broadly stabilized since the infamous, infamous podcast. Right?
John
Yes. Yeah, yeah, totally. Like, if you were long AI broadly in 2025, you did very well and you did not see some sort of collapse. Yeah. Tyler.
Tyler
Yeah, there's actually a cool chart that Axios put out about like the 2025 news cycle. And it's like, oh, yeah, distribution of like, how often the search was.
John
Yeah, I really like that chart.
Tyler
So you can look at the AI bubble. And yeah, it did peak. And we're like, definitely not at the peak right now. We're way down.
John
Tyler, vindicated. Yeah, vindicated. Never lost faith over there. Jordi was skeptical. I was maybe a little skeptical from time to time. Tyler never lost faith and that's why he's here, sticking around, riding out max contract. Let me tell you about LINEAR still with us. Meet the system for modern software development. LINEAR is a purpose built tool for planning and building products. So in the other section of the Dan Wong piece, he talks about competition and I thought this was just an interesting element to read. He talks about Sputnik moments and we got to read a little bit of this. So one might have expected the US to have roused itself after this bout of the trade war, but there have been too many declarations of Sputnik moments without commensurate action. I hadn't thought about that. But at one point we were memeing like Sputnik moments for Sputnik moments. Remember? Do you remember this?
Jordy
Yeah, that was super. That must have been like a year ago.
John
Yeah, it was like a year ago or something. But you know, when it becomes like a meme that we're like, you know, everything is a Sputnik moment. Like it really is overused.
Jordy
Yeah. So Barack Obama declared a Sputnik with China's high speed rail. Mark Warner repeated with Huawei's 5G. Marc Andreessen called it with deep seek. The more that people use the term, the less likely that society spurs itself into taking it seriously.
John
It's a good point. Right, so he says, I think the US continues to systematically underrate China's industrial progress for several reasons. First, too many Western elites retain hope that China's efforts will run out of fuel by its own accord. Industrial progress will be weighed down by demographic drag, the growing debt load, or maybe even a political. Political collapse. I won't rule these out, but I don't think they are likely to break China's humming tech engine. Dan has so many interesting insights. He had this one where he talks to people and he reflects a lot on like talking to people in San Francisco, because I think he just moved from Yale to Stanford and spending a lot of time in sf and he was saying that like everyone he talks to about Taiwan thinks that China only wants to invade Taiwan because of TSMC and semiconductors. And he has to be like, no, no. This goes back like 60 years.
Jordy
Multiple.
John
Like, yes, yeah, like back to the civil war that led to the exile and whatnot. Like, this is not some like, new trendy thing where like, oh, they need this particular resource this day.
Jordy
This is not about chatgpt, little bro. Yeah, truly deeper than that.
Tyler
Yeah.
Jordy
I mean this, I mean, yeah, it was interesting because you could say this was a 2025 letter, but this felt like the best possible summary of the geopolitical economic dynamic between China and the us. There was a paragraph here that stood out. He said, third, Western elites keep holding onto a distinction between innovation, which is mostly the remit of the west, and scaling, which they accept that China can do. Dan says, I want to dissolve that distinction. Chinese workers innovate every day on the factory floor by being the site of production. They have a keen sense of how to make technical improvements all the time. American scientists may be world leaders in dreaming up new ideas, but American manufacturers have been port building industries around these ideas. And so again, there's some interesting commentary in here as well. I forget the exact section. Everybody should go read it. But he basically says, like, in SF or within our world, it's become popular to just say like, oh yeah, we need to figure out how to build things again. But it's okay because AI will solve it. Yeah. And it's like the thing that I would say you can be most sure about right now is that AI is not operating with like, you know, you have all this intelligence, all this, this intellect, this horsepower, but it doesn't have any agency. Like, it's not just sitting there in the background like fixing American manufacturing.
Tyler
Right.
Jordy
And while we have this idea that AI will automate manufacturing and create these sort of like feedback loops that allow us to start making stuff again in the U.S. currently manufacturing jobs in the U.S. are actually declining.
John
Declining, yeah, month over month. I mean, at the same time, there are a bunch of people in SF who make a somewhat convincing argument about the software only singularity and bootstrapping kind of everything off of it. I agree it's a little bit more of a sci fi scenario, but there are some good arguments on both sides. But he does make this point about manufacturing that even when you. How do you do an apples to apples comparison? Well, you look at Tesla and how they operate the gigafactory in America and then how do they operate the same gigafactory building the same vehicles in China. And he says, I hear, I sometimes hear that the US will save manufacturers through automation. The truth is that Chinese factories tend to be ahead on automation. That's a big part of the reason why Chinese Tesla workers are more productive than California. Tesla Workers. And, and he says, what does he say? Gigafactory. Is that in here? He says, according to Tesla's corporate disclosures, a worker at a gigafactory in China produces an average of 47 vehicles a year. A worker at a gigafactory in California produces an average of 20. That's like a huge gap, more than twice because they have more automation over there. And you think of it as like a copy paste thing, like the gigafactory here should be the same as there, but there really are like more machines, more automation. Just, you know, walk across the street in China and there's some sort of, you know, CNC factory that has 10,000 CNC machines or something like that. So there's just a lot more to build off of there. So China's automotive success is biting into Germany more than anywhere else. I keep a sprack, I keep a scrapbook filled with mournful remarks that German executives offer to newspapers, quote, most of what German Mittelslands firms do these days. Chinese companies can do just as well. Said a consultant to the Financial Times. Quote, in my sector, they look at the price point of the market leader and sell for roughly half that. The boss of a medical device maker told the Economist, it's never hard to find parades of gloomy Germans. Now more than ever, it looks like their core competencies are threatened by Chinese firms.
Jordy
Yeah, anyways, go read it. But he called Europe cooked and chopped.
John
Well, you know what's not cooked and chopped? Fin AI, the number one AI agent for customer service. If you want AI to handle your customer support, go to Fin AI, the last section here. So Beijing has been working relentlessly to build up its resilience. While the US talks itself out of Sputnik moments, Beijing has dedicated immense resources to patching up its own deficiencies. It's not a theoretical fear that Chinese companies might lose access to American technologies. So the state is pouring more money than ever before into semiconductor makers and research universities. It is investing in clean technologies, not so much because it cares about the climate, but because it wants to be self sufficient in energy. And that's a huge, huge, just economic incentive. And it's rewriting the rules of the global order with caution because it's been a giant benefit.
Jordy
We gotta try to get Dan on again. I'm curious to ask him. Get his read on everything that happened in Venezuela over the weekend, just given that the Chinese delegation was there on the ground meeting with him effectively the night before. He was taking a nap.
John
Crazy story.
Jordy
Wild weekend.
John
Let me finish reading this. So Beijing has been preparing for a cold war without eagerness for waging it, while the US wants to wage a cold war without preparing for it. So here's a potential way that China succeeds. Beijing's goal is to make nearly every important product in the world while everyone else supplies its commodities and services. By making the country mostly self sufficient and by vigorously policing the outputs of of LLMs and social media, Xi Jinping might hope to make China resilient. He is building Fortress China stone by stone in order to outlast the adversary. Beijing doesn't have to replicate American diplomatic, cultural and financial superpower Dom. It might hope that its prowess in advanced manufacturing might deter the US and its success in manufacturing might directly destabilize the US by delivering the coup de grace over the Rust Belt, the US might shed a few million more manufacturing jobs over the next decade. The job losses combined with AI psychosis, social media, and all the problems with phones could make national politics meaningfully worse. Black pill. But then he says, I don't think this is going to happen. Which is good. Yeah. Anyway, turbopuffer, serverless vector and full text search built from first principles on object storage. Fast 10x cheaper and extremely scalable.
Jordy
Well, should we talk about Manus?
John
Let's talk about Manus.
Jordy
Let's talk about Manus.
John
This all started because Bill Gurley was an investor in Manus, and whenever he.
Jordy
And I think Bill Gurley has the best voice in venture.
John
I agree.
Jordy
The best voice in venture, hands down. Who's got a better voice than Bill Gurley?
John
It's amazing.
Jordy
He's got pipes.
John
He's got pipes. He does have a good voice for podcasting too. It's great to hear.
Jordy
Well, he's going on a podcast tour and we're. We're gonna get him. I think we'll be a part of it.
John
Fantastic.
Jordy
Can expect to hear him on so.
John
This all started with Alex Wang over at Meta, formerly Scale AI, he says, excited to announce that Manus AI has joined Meta to help us build Jack Randall.
Jordy
In the X chat, did anyone check on Delian?
John
Oh yeah, that's funny because Jack worked with Delian.
Tyler
Yeah, I.
Jordy
It really is.
John
Hey, Delian might be taking a victory lap because if Miami comes back because of this wealth tax thing, Delian totally vindicated.
Jordy
Also that and Patrick Collison was bull busy. So did Dalian capitulate? Did they play?
John
No, he gets to play musical chairs. He's like, what? I never said anything about Manus. I don't know about that. It's fine. It's a fine investment. It makes sense. Did I mention that Facebook was a founder's fund backed company? Yeah, yeah. I worked in foundershine. Yeah, yeah.
Jordy
I mean there was so. I mean you should put out.
John
It's great to see the portfolio company acquire Manus.
Jordy
The moment in time that Benchmark invested in Manus. Yeah, it was a really crazy move. I was like, what's going on here? It was just very strange. It was truly like, it was truly contrarian.
John
It was very contrarian.
Jordy
It was truly contrarian.
John
Yeah. I mean the vibes were like. It was the most, it was the most intense, like part of the trade war. Trump was really putting the screws, he's back in, so he's gonna go extra. And it's not like Biden took the his foot off the gas of the trade war with China. The initial volley of chip restrictions happened under Biden. Chris Miller writes chip war during the Biden admin. And everyone really wakes up. All the anduril folks are talking about it.
Jordy
Yeah. So here's the other thing. So AI 2027 was released in April of 2025. Benchmark did Manus in April of 2025, same month, yeah. And so obviously a lot of people process AI 2027 as like, cool. This is like sci fi kind of like, let's just extrapolate a bunch. And it was kind of a thought exercise. But at the same time, this was kind of the peak in some ways of like the AI war narrative. And so to have a famed American venture capital firm backing a Chinese AI firm.
John
Sorry, we gotta go back to Dan Wong. There's so many good things he talked about. AI 2027. I want to read it. But first let me tell you about figma. Figma make isn't your average vibe coding tool. It lives in figma so outputs look good, feel real, and stay connected to how teams build, create code backed prototypes and apps fast with figma. So Dan Wong says the most read essay from Silicon Valley this year was AI 2027. The five authors who come from the AI safety world outline a scenario in which superintelligence wakes up in 2027. A decade later it decides to annihilate humanity with biological weapons. My favorite detail in the report is that humanity would persist in a genetically modified form after the AI reconstructs creatures that are quote to humans what corgis are to wolves. I somehow missed this. I listened to the Dwarkash podcast. I read most of AI 2020. Did you pick up the Corgi line. Tyler, you read this, right?
Tyler
I don't remember that.
John
Somehow the corgi line just got completely missed by me. But I love it. It's so funny. It's such a funny detail. I'm gonna control F for Corgi.
Jordy
It's not pulling anything up.
John
No.
Justin Mares
I don't know.
John
Okay. Maybe Dan's taking some creative.
Jordy
Oh, you have to, like, choose an ending. Okay.
John
Oh, you have to find the corgi ending. That's key.
Jordy
We'll take the golden retriever ending.
John
It's hard to know. Yes. Turn us into golden retrievers. We're ready. We're ready.
Jordy
I already did.
Justin Mares
I'm not.
John
Who's trying to be a wolf? I'm not trying to be a on the lone wolf Sigma grass.
Jordy
I'm trying to be a golden retriever on performance enhancing drugs. A golden retriever with 40 delts.
John
Yeah. I mean, we've been growing out our hair like the golden retrievers working on Looking Good. Everything's lined up for a golden retriever. 2026. It's a good time. It's hard to know what to make of this document. He's talking about AI 2027, he says, because the authors keep tucking important context into footnotes, repeatedly saying that they do not endorse a prediction. Six months after publication, they stated that their timelines were lengthening. But even at the start, their median forecast for the arrival of superintelligence was later than 2027. Why they put that year in their title remains beyond me. Sort of an interesting. I know why they put it in there because it's engaging, it's entertaining, and it makes for good banter. Anyway, he goes on to talk a lot about the dynamic of how Silicon Valley works, how New York finance works, how it's different. It's very interesting. We should read a little bit more of this since we have time today.
Jordy
He says, you want to go back to Dan?
John
I want to go back to Dan.
Jordy
We got a Dan addict over here.
John
Yeah. What do you say about finance? He said, like, they're wrong before breakfast or something. Finance. Let's see. One thing. Okay. One of the things I like about the finance industry is that it might be better at encouraging diverse opinions. Portfolio managers want to be right on average, but everyone is wrong three times a day before breakfast. So they relentlessly seek new information sources. Consensus is rare since there are always contrarians betting against the rest of the market. Tech cares less for dissent. Its movements are more herd, like in which companies and startups chase one Big technology at a time. Startups don't need dissent. They want workers who can grind until the network effects kick in. VCs don't like dissent showing again and again that many have thin skins taking shots. That contributes to a culture I think of as Silicon Valley soft Leninism. When political winds shift, most people fall in line. Most prominently this year as many tech voices embrace the right. So. So he calls San Francisco a very insular city. He still has a lot of nice things to say about it. Anyway, let's go back to that.
Jordy
Since you're back here. I thought it was. He talks about humor within tech and the ccp. Yeah, yeah, I want to talk about that. He gives a line from Sam Altman. That is, Sam says, I think that AI will probably most likely sort of lead to the end of the world, but in the meantime, there will be great companies created with serious machine learning.
John
I mean, that is fun.
Jordy
That is really funny. That's really funny.
John
It's great. It's also like, maybe true. I don't know. It's like, no.
Jordy
And I think this is the key problem for the tech industry in 2026 is like, how do you need to paint a more. Like the founders need to paint a more optimistic vision for AI because it's not working right now because people see their energy bill going up or they even hear about the idea of their energy bill going up and then they see some of the slop in their feed and the slop is getting better. Right. You look at some of the videos coming out of the slop Venezuela debacle, right? I mean, there's.
John
Well, I saw Maduro, like face swapped.
Jordy
Into a lot of things.
John
Yeah, I guess that would.
Jordy
So the video is higher definition, etc. But people are. People in all types of roles are worried about job loss and they see the investment going into AI and they're just scared. And so when you do quotes like this, whether they're serious or not, saying, I think that AI will probably lead to the end of the world, people are starting to ask, like, wait, why are we automating all of this in the first place? Can we just stop? Right. Actually, I don't want my job automated. I'll keep doing it. Right? So the industry needs to figure out how to paint a more optimism because there's a lot of ways. There's a lot of very. I think Dan talks in here about what is the line he says around young people, people maybe in 10 years reminiscing about a time when young people didn't just have shelter and an income provided for them. They had to fend for themselves. Right. And so anyways, I think that's real. He also talks about CCP humor, which was Xi saying the PM2.5 back then was even worse than it is now. I used to joke that it was PM250.
John
What is that?
Jordy
He's just saying PM25 is 2.5 is a measurement for air quality.
John
Oh, oh, okay.
Jordy
So he's saying particles per million. Yeah, yeah. It's like PM 250.
John
Yeah. Let me. I have a few rebuttals, but first let me tell you about Restream One Livestream 30 Plus Destinations. If you want to multi stream, go to restream.com. so first rebuttal on humor. Some of the tech people are funny. And I was noticing this, I was remembering this as we watched our year in review video that Jackson on our team put together. And in there one of the clips is, is us talking to Sam Altman, who Dan highlights as like famously humorless because he's like trying to speak in many levels of. And it's this thing.
Jordy
Best Sam joke ever. Him coming on our show. I mean, he was making the joke on the timeline, but nobody got the joke. He was saying I'd never buy a car for 250,000.
John
$250,000? Yeah, it was hilarious. So someone posted this like it was GT3RS or something.
Jordy
And they were like, would you buy this?
John
It's for $250,000. And Paul Graham says, like, what a waste of money. Like I would never buy this. And Sam just said, I would never buy it either. And everyone was like, oh, he's so out of touch. He has a Koenigsegg. He has an F1. Like he's ridiculous. Of course he would buy it. And then he came on our show and explained that, no, the joke was that he would never buy a car for 250 because he wants a multi million dollar car. Which is hilarious. And a lot of people that I've talked to who've interacted with Sam a lot behind the scenes, like in the right context, he is truly very funny. But it's just hard because he's trying to speak seven different languages anytime he's on screen. Because he has to speak to politicians who want to regulate him, to people that might be losing their jobs, but to people also who want to come work for him, and also to investors who want to return.
Jordy
I think it was so much easier in the 20th century. It was like it was Easy mode being a politician or a CEO because you could go into a room of business executives and said, okay, you currently spend like if you were running an AI company before the Internet.
John
Yeah.
Jordy
Before everything was recorded and before everything hit every single distribution point, immediately you could go and say like hey, you currently spend, you know, $1 billion a year on payroll. Yeah, I'm going to be able to reduce that by 80%. Yeah, there's going to, you're going to be able to conduct lots of layoffs and then you could go on TV and say like AI is going to create an abundant future and that in the. And the clips wouldn't kind of cross border politicians could go talk to a labor union here and then go talk to business leaders here.
John
You just, I mean we see this on our show where people come on and we're all having a conversation and we're all like, oh yeah, this makes sense. We all have the context and then a clip goes out and people are quote treating like out of context and being like, oh I hate this, I hate what they're saying. And we're like, well we weren't trying to get them to say something controversial but they.
Jordy
Before you hate that you say it, go back and watch every episode of TVPN of 2025 before you criticize just to get some context.
John
Yes, there was, oh, there was one more thing. I want to go with this Dan Wong thing. He has a great line in here about feedback he got on his book. Obviously there's criticism and stuff but he has this great quip. He says, I learned of Leo Roston's quip that it is the weak who are cruel and gentleness to be expected only from the strong. I thought that was a very good quote. Just very interesting. Just saying that if you're. The negative comments usually come from a place of weakness but that doesn't mean that there should be empathy. There's one more thing about the future.
Jordy
And the positive future. This reminds me of my one and a half year old who will bite my three year old because he's weak. And so he has to take the cruel action of trying to chomp the. The three year old. Three year old's like hey look, I'm a little mass monster over here.
John
That's hilarious. Let me tell you about the two AI futures that are sort of dueling right now that I think are interesting.
Jordy
And then we got to go back to Manus.
John
We're going to go back to Manus.
Jordy
Still haven't given your take on Manus.
John
We're going to do Manus. But let me tell you about Plaid first. Plaid powers the apps you use to spend, save, borrow and invest securely connecting bank accounts to move money sites, frog and improve lending. Now, with AI, I'm pumped to be partnered. So we will have to dive into these pieces in more depth at some point. But basically, I do think that even though Dan says that tech is very insular, it's less contrarian. There's only everyone aligns themselves around one vision of the future and just runs at it. And I think he is correct in some ways. There is some dissension and at least conversation back and forth, mainly between Dwarkash right now and Ben Thompson. Ben Thompson wrote a piece on AI and the human condition where he sort of reacts to Dwarkesh's piece with Philip Trammell called capital in the 22nd century. And Dwarkesh is talking about capital accumulation, inequality, how things might need to be redistributed in the future. So it's unclear exactly the timeline. And if you go out really, really far, it becomes much more, much easier to wrap your head around all of this. Like, at one point, they start talking about buying galaxies, which is sort of like a funny thought experiment. And at that point, like, if you were to just say, hey, we're going full communist with the galaxies. We're distributing them equally. It's like, well, there's trillions of galaxies. You personally would get a thousand galaxies. And it's like, yeah, that's probably, like, enough. Like, it takes 25,000 years to get to the nearest galaxy. Like, imagine the life. Imagine the life you're living where you're immortal and you're like, just to go between my two galaxies that I own, it takes 25,000 years. Like, I don't know that I'd be so pissed off that, like, oh, I wasn't able to get more than 1,1 6 billionth of the galaxies out there. I don't know, it just feels like such a.
Jordy
Has anybody tried to kind of stake a claim? I know, America, the moon's ours. It's not legally yet, but it is ours. It's somewhat inevitable.
John
I mean, it's crazy. No one's been to the moon. Like, we went there, like, 50 years ago more, and everyone was just like, we're good.
Jordy
Lost art, lost start.
John
You'll send some robots. But literally, this is a crazy thing. No other country has landed a man on the moon. I don't know why. What are you waiting for? Get somebody up there anyway. What are you saying about acquiring galaxies? You want one? You want more than one. You want more than a thousand?
Tyler
I want more than a thousand.
John
You want more than a thousand?
Tyler
Say you're not a.
John
Say you're a communist.
Jordy
I want more.
John
You want 2,000 galaxies.
Tyler
But. So I think that quote was actually referencing Leopold. Yeah, it was Leopold. And people were arguing whether Leopold was being serious and he was.
John
It's sick. Yeah, it's a great quote. I love is sufficiently sci fi for me. I'm very, very excited about that quote. And it's thought provoking. It's truly thought provoking to think about what property rights look like in a world where it takes you 25,000 years to get to the place that you own, like your vacation home. Unless I don't know if the AGI people are so AGI pilled that they think we're going to defeat the speed of light. Every physicist I've ever talked to has always said, no, that one holds forever. That's not like, oh, quantum computing, it can work, but it's a couple decades away. Or fusion or fission, like all these other things are like somewhat engineering problems. I think the speed of light is like going to be around forever. I don't know.
Jordy
Just need a faster horse. It's the year of the fire horse. It is, yeah.
John
What does that mean?
Jordy
Wait, I thought they 20, 26. Chinese year of the fire.
John
But are they adding superlatives to the animals? I thought it was just horse, snake, dragon. And then they rotated through the.
Jordy
It's the year we upgraded animals. Fire horse.
John
It's amazing. I'm a fan. I'm a fan. Manus is acquired, I think.
Jordy
Okay, back to Manus.
John
Great Chinese century coming up. I think we're going to be putting on those hats soon. So Ramp Labs modeled it out, of course. Ramp Labs is AI agent for spreadsheet software. So you can give it a prompt and it will build the spreadsheet for you. Very, very cool. And they did a little analysis on the Meta acquisition of Manus AI. They said the estimated price is 4 to 6 billion dollars. Based on AI M&A comps. It's the fastest to 100 million ARR in history. Just 8 months. Wow. And benchmark likely 8 to 12x in under a year.
Jordy
So again, they're sort of estimating here. I think people were kind of putting the deal between 2 and 3 billion. Yeah, is what I had heard. Okay, so. So again, so, yeah, I mean, I guess let's get in, let's get it. What was I Guess what was your immediate reaction? The thing that I was excited about is this is Zuck buying a product that people love.
John
Well, that's a debate. But, but I like your take. But, but there. Mark Zuckerberg has done a number of talent acquisitions.
Jordy
Yeah, that's what, that's what I'm saying. So, so he just went, he just went through a talent acquisition era. Yes, he, he, they, they, they're the, you know, biggest investor in scale. Right. But, but they didn't acquire the product.
John
Yeah, yeah.
Jordy
Still.
John
And I think they're actually acquiring data from other.
Jordy
And so historically, Zuck has been saying, you know, drump, you know, beating the personal superintelligence drum. Yeah, it's been very unclear what that means. Yeah, Manus has been building high quality agents. They're sort of time and time again I talk to people that are just very excited about Manus. They're like, just use Manus. It's the year of the agent. Use it. You'll see the future.
John
Sure.
Jordy
And so just given Zuck's history from a product acquisition standpoint, I get excited because this can potentially give us some clarity around what they're like. One version of personal superintelligence is you have AI agents that can go out on the Internet and do things for you. They can go, I think in the context of meta, I think about shopping, you see something on Instagram that you like and you could trigger an agent effectively. Like, go find this product. Like, you see a car that you like, go find this product.
John
The elusive GT3Rs that GT3 bets.
Jordy
Yeah, yeah. Basically like you see, make any image or video shoppable.
John
And in fact, I would probably argue that LLMs in the chat form, where you have a bunch of information with knowledge cut off, baked into some big model llama 4 and it's vended through the Instagram search box that you chat with, it can never fully satisfy the vision of personal superintelligence. A personal assistant, something that actually can take actions for you. It feels like, like it's incredible. It's amazing. Obviously, for knowledge retrieval, it's great, but it was never going to fulfill the real vision there. So this does feel like. I don't know. I would hope that they bake this in in a really interesting way. I wonder if we are talking about going out and shopping for you off platform or if it's more doing things within the Meta ecosystem. I don't even know what that would look like, but a lot of the image models that they're training, you can imagine that they exist almost entirely within the family of apps ecosystem. So if Meta trains an amazing image editing model, a nano banana, right? Direct nanobanana competitor, what's that going to look like? It's probably going to look like you take a photo, you put it in Instagram and then you say, hey, change the background, make the sky less gray. And it'll just do it really, really well. And that would exist just purely in there. And maybe they open source it, maybe put out, but that's not the, that's.
Jordy
Not the product I was also thinking of. I guess one way that I am thinking about Manus in the context of what Zuck and the AI team at Meta are saying, which is personal superintelligence, right. They're talking about, They've talked about integrating AI into Ray Ban metas, right. So when I think if you're using Ray Ban metas, you can say, hey, Meta. And then you can give it a task or ask it a question or things like that. And so I expect that Manus type workflows will be heavily integrated into a. Hey. When you say, hey Meta, and you're wearing glasses, like, hey, build me a slide deck to help me prep for my final later.
John
Right?
Jordy
And I can imagine effectively the same product experience that Manus has today will be integrated into like Meta AI.
John
Let me tell you about Vanta Automate Compliance and Security. It's the leading AI trust management platform. I agree with you. At the same time, there's a lot of areas where it feels very natural for Google to expand into. It feels very natural for Microsoft to expand into Apple. To expand into. Apple has a spreadsheet app, right? They have a word processor. Meta doesn't really have those. They did Meta for Meta work for a while, but they, they.
Jordy
It.
John
It doesn't. This whole idea of like go to open Instagram to do your homework feels crazy to me. And the same thing with open Instagram to build a slide deck. That feels crazy.
Jordy
Yeah, but, but everything that they're doing in AI, they're. They're piping through Meta AI, the new standalone app.
John
So maybe they want to.
Jordy
That's a bunch of like, to me, I look at that as like experimental area that you can just put anything into it. But I was told by someone close to the action that apparently the Meta AI trough.
John
Meta Vibes.
Jordy
Meta Vibes? Yeah, Meta Vibes. The usage is actually insane.
John
Really? Yeah. No way. Trough. But I mean, it's terrible in the App Store, right? It cannot be ranked. Even Sora is not ranking well. Like, can you just look this up? I don't know. While we're looking that up, let me tell you about Phantom cash. Fund your wallet without exchanges or middlemen and spend with a phantom card. You see that ticker down in the bottom telling you the crypto prices? That's thanks to Phantom Legends. Let me try and find. I don't think meta Vibes is going to rank, but at the same time they might have gotten a bump over Christmas because when you get the Ray Bans, you unbox those. You have to download the meta AI app to integrate with the Ray Ban. So maybe they got a pump from that, I don't know. But Sora, let me see what?
Jordy
It's not in the top 25.
John
So. Ben Thompson recently wrote. It's also worth noting the relative popularity of human generated content versus AI generated content. Sora is down to 59 in the app Store and I count double digit human denominated social apps that rank above it. Yet I get the argument that this is the worst AI will ever be, but it will also never be human, which is what humans want most of all. There's a bunch of great posts about content, where all this goes. And I think Ben Thompson offered a very, very compelling white pill. Dwarkesh is a little bit more like this is going to be extremely rough. So it requires aggressive maneuvers and rethinking the entire social contract and potential, the entire economy. Ben Thompson is a little bit more like things can continue as they have been for the most part at least.
Jordy
That was my one thing with Manus. This is maybe the first acquisition of in the billion in the billions for a company with an Isle of Man domain. Their Manus im, you don't see a lot of multibillion dollar IM acquisitions.
John
I love band, Tyler. Is that where you're from?
Jordy
Isle of Chad.
John
Did you get into looks maxing over the break?
Tyler
I've been bone smashing.
John
It looks like you got into looks maxing, doesn't it? Doesn't his mid face ratio look different?
Tyler
I gotta fix my recessed maxilla.
John
I feel like his maxilla is looking different. It's looking better. He doesn't have the filter on. Wait, do you guys have the filter on?
Jordy
I think yeah, I think they do.
John
Have the filter on.
Jordy
They do.
John
Because.
Jordy
Wait, Tyler, go like this.
John
Do the, the double jaw surgery.
Jordy
They definitely have the filter.
John
Definitely, Definitely. Well, speaking of Dwarkash, he's sponsored by Label Box. We're sponsored by Labelbox. Label Box. We're delivering you the highest quality data for Frontier AI. We love label box. We're considering making a physical label box.
Jordy
And putting Tyler in.
John
We will see. We don't want to leak. We will figure out if we can figure out how to physically wanting to.
Jordy
Put Tyler in a box.
John
I just like boxes. So Signal asks, can someone explain why Meta bought Manus? What's the one pager for Zuck other than we have an F ton of money, so why not? And Lucas Beyer, Meta's list researcher says they know how to build. They know really, really well how to build good agents and maybe that's enough.
Jordy
Nick Dobo says best tool set on the market. They bought a Swiss army knife to hand any AI model wide research, virtual browsers, VMs, code interpreter, PowerPoint slides, app builder connectors. So yeah, they're just good at product. Give them credit.
John
Eric Meher says head in the box. His handle has box in it. He says, I left Meta because I made a bet that models were going to be commoditized and the value would be in the products on top of the models. But Metamate and Genai were highly politicized, sucking up all the oxygen in the room. As always, I was right.
Jordy
Hilarious line. As always, I was right.
John
Ex Meta. People are getting spicy. Do you see the Yann Lecun Financial Times deep dive? We should dig into that. But he took a bunch of shots at a lot of different people. Basically just saying like, you can't tell a researcher what to do, especially not me. He was very, very salty over Alex Wang coming in and becoming his boss effectively at the same time. It feels like you got leveled. Well, yeah, it is an odd. I mean, it's a bold choice to put Yann Lecun on the bench. He's a, I think touring award winner. He's like one of the greatest AI researchers in history.
Jordy
Where'd he land on the Metis list, Tyler?
John
Yann Lecun. How did he do? But he's back with a $3 billion fundraise valuation. But the interesting thing is like, I think there's two ways that you can read into the Ilya Sutskever. We are in an age of research story. Tyler, do you have Jan on the mask?
Tyler
Yeah, he actually wasn't on there.
John
He wasn't on there.
Tyler
I think we were trying to rage bait him or something. No, yeah, he wasn't on there.
John
Wow, we are so bad. But anyway, you can read Ilya's to.
Jordy
Be clear, you were trying to rage bait. We don't participate in rage baits.
John
We don't have anything to do with the rankings. You can interpret the Ilya Sutskever age of research concept as, hey, if you're a hyperscaler, you need a really, really solid research team to go extra hard into research because you want to be the first one to have that research breakthrough. So you need a lot of true researchers or you can read into it. It's like, hey, this is kind of an AI winter. And the research is sort of stabilized, so we can pull in all the best research. Yeah, we need to get to the frontier, but we can be a month behind. If we productize really well, we can win and we can have a really great outcome here. And then when Ilya comes up with something great, it's going to get copy pasted all over the industry because of the SF house parties and papers that get written and open source implementations that happen pretty quickly. Maybe, maybe not. Maybe this is the one time that technology just stays completely siloed, but typically it doesn't.
Jordy
Yeah. Anyway, yeah, Ollie from Databricks at the end of the year was talking about how he's great, he's fantastic, gotta have him back on, but he was talking about putting people in different buckets. So, like, there's a super intelligence. Right. There's a super intelligence bucket. I think that when you look at like Zuck can say, we are trying to build super intelligence. That is a much more compelling vision than we're trying to make great consumer products that we can monetize via advertising and commerce. That is not a compelling vision that you rally a team around. Right. In some ways, OpenAI is doing the exact same thing. Exact same thing. Right. There are, there are different groups that are, that are taking, you know, maybe anthropics, taking it, taking a different approach in terms of saying, like, yeah, we're trying, we're actually trying to build super intelligence and we're doing it in a very opinionated way.
John
Yeah.
Jordy
But anyway, so I just, I just like to see, I will be very excited to see, hopefully see them try to take what Manus has built and dramatically scale it.
John
Yeah, yeah, for sure. Quick shout out to 2.6 in the chat, he says he's down £99. That's fantastic.
Jordy
Whoa.
John
He's up 20k and he says life is good. So what an amazing start to the new year.
Jordy
Congratulations. I also saw Sam Scheffer in the chat earlier. He launched a new product over the break called Timelines. It's like a daily series of games that you can play to better understand the news.
John
Oh, that's fun.
Jordy
Excited to check this out. And congrats to Sam.
John
Well, let me tell you about the New York Stock Exchange. Want to change the world, raise capital at the New York Stock Exchange. We love nyse.
Jordy
Potentially the best tagline of all time, the best marketing copy. Want to change the world, raise capital at the nyse.
John
That's how it works. Yeah. Anyway, Grok. So there were two major blockbuster deals before the end of the year? Unclear. I mean were both sort of these zombie acquisitions or were any of them just clean normal deals? I guess we don't fully know. We know that the Grok Nvidia deal was very much a sort of ghost ship type deal where you take the team, take some of the IP license, pay out the investors.
Jordy
$20 billion deal. What should we do with that, John? Should we hit that app? Lovin Gong.
John
Half Lovin Gong. We have a new gong. Everyone look at this gong.
Jordy
It's bigger than ever. It's bigger than ever. We actually. It's so big. It's so loud. We have to be kind of careful with it. I mean it's a John sized gong. So John is 6, 8. If you're just tuning in for the first time, it's a massive gong and it is a massive gong for a massive company. Fantastic company Applovin, which we're incredibly excited to partner with for 2026.
John
You're not going to believe this, but Applovin's next in the stack. Profitable advertising made Easy with Axon AI. Get access to over 1 billion daily active users and grow your business. So there's been a bunch of chatter, says Dan Premack, about how Grok employees made out in the Nvidia deal. He made some calls to find out and in short, they did very, very well, even if not fully vested. We did hear that if you were there a very short amount of time and you were not senior at all, you might have had a bad run. But we'll have to dig into that a little bit more. But it seems like in general they did it, was everyone sort of got paid. It sounds like Chamath did very well on this. He was a very early.
Jordy
Oh, I mean Chamath haters were in shamble. We need to check on them. If one of your friends doesn't like Chamath, call them. If you haven't heard from them.
John
Wellness Trust.
Jordy
I would be worried.
John
You doing okay? Let's just go hang out, call your friends, play some golf or something.
Jordy
Take him out. Touch grass? Yep, touch of grass.
John
It's going to be rough for a While Chamath is on a, on a tear. And didn't he like, didn't he basically give back the LP capital right before? So it's like 100% of his own money or something. I saw some take about that. I'm not sure if that's when that happened, but I know social capital kind of converted to a family office.
Jordy
Yeah, but that was, that was way.
John
That was way after. Okay.
Jordy
At least the first. I mean he, I mean the, the, the haters will hate to see that he invested Molt back to background, back to backgrounds. I mean with conviction, with authority. Really. Yeah. And got to give him credit.
John
So Alex Heath over at Sources News has new details on the Nvidia Grok deal. The whole process took less than two weeks and was personally driven by Jensen Huang. No other bidders. Wong wired money early and wanted the deal to close before the new year.
Jordy
What a chat. Wow, What a chat. Send the $20 billion wire. Sir, we haven't fully executed the docs. I'm good for my 20 billion.
John
That is actually crazy. Yeah, I mean, very interesting. Grok is, we were talking about this, like why is Nvidia buying Grok? Is it a response to the tpu? We'll have to get some of the semi analysis folks on the show to dig into it, but I think that there is. Grok has been. They've been on this like super crazy roller coaster. I think not a lot of people expected them to wind up at 20 billion. A lot of people assume that the. Because I mean, there's two sides to it. One is like when, if you read the actual social capital, the actual social capital like memo that Chamath put together, it makes so much sense to invest at the valuation he did. Because Jonathan, the CEO and the founder, was early on the TPU team, the father of the tpu. Like the guy understands how to make a chip that does one thing really well.
Jordy
But this was what, seven years before people in tech broadly knew what the TPU was.
John
Totally. Yeah. Very, very early. Yeah. Crazy, but. So there was always like that sort of bull case that it was like it was a real team, real expertise building something real. But, but with a lot of the custom silicon, the custom chips, you sort of like point your bow and then you release the arrow and then you just wait like five or ten years because tape out, just tape out. Just going from the design of the chip to actually getting the first one made takes like 18 months or something like that. It takes years and then you're sort of locked into the specific spec and you're building an ecosystem of developers that can run on your chips. And so there's this. You make a bet on a certain architecture and there's other firms right now that are betting on like, we're going super long the transformer architecture, we're going super long cerebras like wafer scale, where we want to put the whole model on one chip instead of a rack, instead of a rack of a whole bunch of chips. Or we want to be really memory constrained or have a ton of memory or something like that. So you make your decisions about what trade offs you're making and then you kind of just wait and you hope that people come up with a use for what you made. And with Grok, people were like, okay, it's fast. When Llama came out, people were like, oh, it can stream tokens. Really, really fast. It's very cool. Some of the demos are really cool. But there were also a flip side where people were saying, well, it was very expensive to do those demos and maybe it wouldn't scale properly. But I think there was a little bit of the team is great, obviously. And I think Grok was probably getting comped. Like you were effectively looking at like Grok v2 versus like TPU v7 and you weren't necessarily accounting for like, okay, if you continue to invest in this, like Jensen will obviously, and the team's great and they have somewhat of a direction. And there's also some sort of bifurcation of the models where sometimes you need a really big model, sometimes you need a really small model, sometimes you need a model that's in your phone, sometimes you need a model that's in a data center center. Sometimes you need a model in space.
Jordy
And sometimes you need a chip company that sponsors the winner of the Constructors championship. Grok sponsored McLaren no way. Which they won. It was a good omen. Jensen saw that. He's like, I got a lot of cash, why not buy a winning. I mean the chip company that's sponsoring the winning team, pretty compelling. Meanwhile, Red Bull loser, no chips. Works with Oracle. Oracle stock been down in the dump.
John
Ridiculous.
Jordy
F1 based analysis, sponsorship based analysis of markets. Anyways, continue.
John
So, yeah, I mean I think as this I heard an interesting Take that one of the wafer scale bull cases that if compute does go to space, you don't necessarily want a rack in space because not only does that take up more space, but there's so many different points of failure of like, is this connected to this? Is this connected to that. Whereas if you just have like one big. The entire model just on one chip, you could potentially put that in space much easier. But Grok made a specific bet and it's still, it's not like it totally panned out and it's like they're winning right now. Like TPU is the hot thing. But then there's, you know, Nvidia GB2 hundreds are still like flying off the shelves and there's all these debates about Blackwell and stuff. And Nvidia is doing great. But I think if you look to the future where there's different models for different things, sometimes you need something really fast, sometimes you need something really smart, then you want to be able to control all of the different chip architectures, all of the different chips. And I remember, didn't Jonathan tell us he doesn't Fab@TSMC? I believe he told us that and I'm pretty sure that's true. And so there is also.
Jordy
Where would he.
John
Maybe either Samsung or GlobalFoundries, I believe. And then I think, by the way.
Jordy
We gotta give a shout out to Ryan Siebert. LinkedIn chat. He says W stream best content on LinkedIn.
John
Let's go. Ryan.
Jordy
Thank you for watching one of our two. We typically will have like three viewers on LinkedIn.
John
Thanks Restream.
Jordy
But yeah, thanks to Restream, we are there. So thank you, thank you for tuning in.
John
So closing out Grok, there's a few different takes. Tyler Hodge says it appears Grok will return over $4 billion to social capital and chamath. I don't know how big the fund was, but it's safe to say this is one of the best venture outcomes of all time. Unbelievable power laws rule everything around.
Jordy
Okay, yeah, just getting so. Did you read this as defensive at all this, Tyler? No, no, no, no, no, no, no. I'm saying, I'm saying just buying grind. Like is this offense or defense for Jensen? Clearly he's got the. He's got the. He's just got a lot of cash. He's got to do something with it. He's not going to just dividend out cash. He's willing to take bets with it. He's investing in all the labs, all the Neo clouds. Right.
John
I mean, I think he's like almost. Even though he's not literally the richest person in the world, he's running the biggest company. So he has the most capital like fire around at places.
Jordy
And I think to put, to put this into perspective, this is like us saying investing in a nice camera Right.
John
Yeah. Yeah.
Jordy
Like it's not the kind of like it's. We take like Jensen personally led this process. It took him two weeks. He wired early. Yeah, you would, you would do the same thing for a nice camera.
John
But I don't. I guess the bigger question is like, is Nvidia spread too thin and they don't even own a social network. Every other, every other Mag 7 company owns a social network, right? Facebook, Amazon has Twitch. Maybe they should Nvidia chat just for AI researchers on Rumble, something like that. I don't know. But it feels like they did. DJx Lepton, the Cloud that was competing with some of their customers, feels like they sort of pulled back on that. It feels like, like they've remained as much of a pure play as you can at that scale. And so this feels like, I don't know, maybe it's a little defensive, but it feels just like a very natural extension of what they already do, which is selling chips. It would be very different if we were seeing them like, oh, they're buying power assets and they're going to build their own data centers and they want to get into. Or they want to step on Oracle stuff and they want to step on Crusoe's toes or anyone else's toes. So I don't know. But let's go into Gavin Baker and what he says about Nvidia buying Grok. He says Nvidia is buying Grok for two reasons. Inference is disaggregating into pre fill and decode. SRAM architectures have unique advantages in decode for workloads where performance is primarily a function of memory bandwidth. Ruben cpx, Ruben and the the putative Rubin SRAM variant derived from GROQ should give Nvidia the ability to mix and match chips to create the optimal balance of performance versus cost for each workload. Rubin CPX is optimized for massive context windows during pre fill as a result of super high memory capacity. With its relatively low bandwidth GDDR DRAM Rubin is the workhorse for training and high density batch inference workloads with its HBM DRAM striking a balance between memory bandwidth and capacity. The GROQ derived Rubin SRAM is optimized for ultra low latency agentic reasoning inference workloads as a result of SRAM's extremely high memory bandwidth and at the cost of lower memory capacity. In the latter case, either CPX or the normal Rubin will likely be used for pre fill. 2. It has been clear for a long time that SRAM architectures can hit token per second metric much higher than GPUs, TPUs or any ASIC that we have seen yet extremely low latency per individual user at the expense of throughput per dollar. It was less clear 18 months ago whether end users were willing to pay for the speed SRAM more expensive per token due to much smaller batch sizes. It is now abundantly clear from Cerebras and Groq's recent results that users are willing to pay for speed. And so we've seen this with a lot of the, you know, the of like you're sitting there waiting for a deep research report in ChatGPT or you're firing off cloud code and then you're just waiting and you're scrolling or you're doing something else and there's just, there's a lot of like, you know, sitting around, waiting around. And now the really good developers are able to orchestrate six different cloud code instances all at once. But everyone would be happy with faster responses. And most people are in this weird in between where they're paying $200 a month for something that they're using constantly and is doing like all of their job. And so would they pay $2,000 a month for something that's 10 times faster or even 2 times faster in many cases? Yes, if they're doing extremely economically valuable work. And so anything that can offer a different dimension of optimization on the high pareto frontier is going to be interesting. And that's why you're seeing folks try and become not just GPU rich, but like ASIC rich on a particular scalar vector of the, of the performance trade off curve.
Jordy
We should get Andrew from Cerberus back on the show because he came on for five minutes. Yeah, it was one of those days when we had like, we had too.
John
Many people and we were like, this guy's like legend.
Jordy
$8 billion.
John
I'm glad we could ring the gong for you, but this feels disrespectful at this point. Anyway, let me tell you about Vibe Co, where D2C brands, B2B startups and AI companies advertise on streaming TV, pick channels, target audiences and measure sales. Just like Meta.
Jordy
Super pumped to partner with Vibe. We love advertising. I have some insight into their metric and this is a company that you should potentially join if you love advertising. I would be excited to go work there, doing great, pumped to partner with them. Should we talk about DoorDash? DoorDash? No, we're not talking about, we're not talking about DoorDash, we're talking about a post that people assumed was about doordash.
John
Yes, yes, yes. Okay, so the post is titled Holy effing. S not swearing really hurts the quality. Or you can read it on the screen. But he's very sensational. So it's a screenshot from Reddit. It has 36 million views and 207,000 likes. It's a massive post. It got 11,000 upvotes on Reddit. So it says I am a developer for a major food delivery app. The priority fee and driver benefit fee go 100% to the company. The driver sees 0% of it, $0 of it. So here's where it gets conspiratorial. It says I am posting this from a library wi fi on a burner laptop because I am technically under a massive NDA. I don't care anymore. I put in my two weeks yesterday and honestly, I hope they sue me. I've been sitting on this for about 8 months just watching the code get pushed.
Jordy
I hope they sue me, but I'm on a library wi fi with we're.
John
Going to dig into all the different aspects of this, but this is crazy. Some people in the chat already read this, but we're going to go through it. So just watching the code getting pushed to production and I can't sleep at night knowing I helped to build this machine. You guys always suspect the algorithms are rigged against you, but the reality is actually so much more depressing than the conspiracy theories. I'm a backend engineer. I sit in the weekly Sprint planning meetings where product managers PMs thanks discuss how to squeeze another 0.4% margin out of, quote, human assets. That's literally what they call drivers in the database schema. They talk about these people that like they are resource nodes in a video game, not fathers and mothers trying to pay rent. First off, the priority delivery is a total scam. It was pitched to us as a psychological value add. Like I said in the title, when you pay that extra $2.99, it changes a Boolean flag in the order JSON. But the dispatch logic literally ignores it. It does nothing to speed you up. We actually ran an A B test last year where we didn't speed up the priority orders. We just purposefully delayed non priority orders by five to 10 minutes by making the priority to make the priority ones feel faster. By comparison, management loved the results. We generated millions in pure profit just by making the standard service worse, not by making the premium service better. Wait, so it does. This is. This is incorrect because he says it does Nothing to speed you up, but like you are getting a faster delivery there. I mean it's like it's even in this scenario. It's like maybe unethical but like this is actually a bull case for paying $299 because like if the default service is actually slower and $299 gets me five to 10 minutes faster, this made.
Jordy
Me think they should add a feature that it's whenever you get around, I'll take it whenever you get around to it. And so it's just like, it's just like surprising. Really? Really.
John
I'm feeling lucky.
Jordy
I mean, no, it's just like the lowest cost version.
John
Oh yeah, yeah.
Jordy
You might not get the pizza.
John
Well, that was like Lyft line. Do you remember that? Or Uber pool those.
Tyler
Amazon does this for packages too. So you get a credit if you like take it up.
John
Yeah, yeah, you get like a Kindle store credit or something on Prime. It's kind of interesting, but yeah. So I use doordash pretty regularly. I never pay for, for priority delivery because the time always seems about the same and so I just don't care. And I never push that button. But this makes me feel like the button works even though he's saying it does nothing to speed you up. And so that's kind of odd. But anyway, it goes on that to much darker places. He says. But the thing that makes me sick, the main reason I'm quitting is the Desperation score. We have a hidden metric for drivers that tracks how desperate they are for cash based on their acceptance behavior. If a driver usually logs on at 10pm and accepts every garbage $3 order instantly, without hesitation, the algo tags them as high Desperation. Once they are tagged, the system deliberately stops showing them high paying orders. The logic is why pay this guy $15 for a run when we know he's desperate enough to do it for $6? We save the good tips for the casual drivers to hook them in and gamify their experience while the full timers get grinded into dust. That feels like that might not work. Like they might just wind up putting like a, like a strain on the entire system and just slowing. Like you feel like you would just want to like optimize for the fastest possible delivery at all times. But I don't know. Anyway, theoretically this could be happening. Then there is the benefit fee. You've probably seen that $1.50 regulatory response fee or the driver benefits fee that appeared on your bill after the resources recent labor laws passed. The wording is designed to make you feel like it's. You're helping the worker. In reality, that money goes straight to a corporate slush fund used to lobby against driver unions. We have a specific internal cost center for policy defense, and that fee feeds directly into it. That's so. That's so interesting.
Jordy
I feel like that's not really how. That's not really how money works. Right. Like, it's like route.
John
You know, this is earmarked for this.
Jordy
It's not a guy in linear being like, tag the, you know, revenue from this product. Yeah, send it to that. No, no.
John
You know what? This is. This is. This is like, dude, logic for being like, oh, oh, I got. I got a. I got a $5,000 bonus. Like, this is watch money. I should buy a watch or something like that. Like. Like this. This money is for this thing, right? It's like, oh, I got a bonus. I'm buying a car with this. With this money. Instead of just being like, no, you have a pool of money that is completely fungible and liquid.
Jordy
And I would say so in restaurants around la, you'll see, like an employee, well, being charged, which is like 1 to 3, 4, sometimes 5%, that is going. And I would assume that is going entirely to the employees. Right?
John
So there's two different things.
Jordy
The place we go for breakfast has a charge that they advertise as going to the healthcare for the employees. And so if it turns out that restaurant owner was taking that money and kind of putting it towards rent, I would be very upset.
John
Yes.
Jordy
So I can understand the general framing here. All of this is.
John
I mean, so the key difference is like, is the money actually fungible or is it a function? Because in theory, like, tips go to the service workers, and if the restaurant has a great year and lots of people come in and they all tip a lot, then that money goes directly to the workers as a bonus. Right. And so they get that delivered to them. If you say, hey, the tips go.
Jordy
To the workers, just say, you haven't worked in a restaurant.
John
What do you mean? Oh, because it's pooled.
Jordy
Well, I mean, when I worked at a restaurant, we'd get the tips. I mean, most of the tips were daily. You get paid out.
John
Yeah, exactly, exactly. But it is a function of the business. It's directly aligned with the business progress. And so you would expect that if this delivery service, which everyone is alleging is doordash, if there are a lot of deliveries, there are a lot of people paying $1.50 for driver benefits. And so that creates a larger Pool for driver benefits. If the amount of drivers stays flat, then the amount of driver benefits should increase. If that's not happening, then that is a violation of this promise, right? Basically, yeah. In reality, the money goes straight to this corporate slush fund. They say so. And regarding tips, we're essentially doing tip theft 2.0. We don't steal that legally anymore because we got sued for that. Instead, we use predictive modeling to dynamically lower the base pay. If the algo predicts you are a high tipper and you'll likely drop $10, it offers the driver a measly $2 base pay. If you tip 0, it offers them $8 base pay just to get the food moved. The result is that your generosity isn't rewarding the driver, it's subsidizing us. You're paying their wage so we don't have to. I'm drunk and angry. Ask me anything before this gets taken down.
Jordy
I mean, really. I mean, first of all, gotta feel bad for this person who, if it's real, they just quit working at a delivery app as a software backend software engineer. Now they're drunk in a public library on a burner laptop.
John
Are you allowed to be drunk in a library that feels like you shouldn't.
Jordy
Be drunk and angry in a public library on a burner? Imagine when did they buy the burner laptop? Did they get drunk before they bought. Did they get drunk and then go buy the burner laptop and then hit the library? Or is this very premeditated?
John
I don't know. It's.
Jordy
Yeah, no, I do. So I. I get extremely. I'm extremely frustrated. I will say this like. This feels like. This feels like fan. Yes.
John
Really? What restaurant?
Jordy
In. In high school, I worked at it. My first job, first job outside of reffing soccer was picking up cigarette butts with my hands for two hours in the morning.
John
Yeah.
Jordy
And then I'd go at a restaurant. Then I'd go work at a surf shop. Then I actually worked my way up the restaurant picking up the cigarette butts.
John
Picking up the cigars.
Jordy
That was just pure cigarette butts. I was, I was like. I think I was.
John
People could smoke indoors or something.
Jordy
It was, it was like a. It was a brewery.
John
Okay. So people would sit outside.
Jordy
They'd sit outside late at night. And so they would go into like.
John
This is a child in this smoke filled environment.
Jordy
Yeah. And I'd go in and I'd go pick up the cigarette butts on my hands. I didn't even wear gloves. Very, very, very Gross.
John
Yeah. Disgusting.
Jordy
And so this feels like it's fan fiction. There's certainly some truth to it, which is. The truth is that, like, if you're using a delivery app, you should assume the delivery app is trying to get as much money as possible from you and going to psychologically manipulate you into feeling better about the order, feeling better about the value, feeling like you're supporting this person.
John
It's on its way. They're going to do everything they can, UX wise to make it a delightful experience.
Jordy
And as somebody who you keep coming.
John
Back for.
Jordy
I appreciate the art of tipping. There's an art to it. It's something I've always enjoyed doing because I'm always getting a service and I want to. And I, at multiple times in my life, worked for tips. So having this sort of digital intermediary that is messing with that relationship sucks. Right. Like, if I order groceries and somebody's driving all around, I want to give them a meaningful amount of money for doing this service.
John
Totally.
Jordy
And so if you have this intermediary that's kind of messing with that, and that's super frustrating. Again, I don't know exactly where this goes. Right. This is clearly a product that participants on both sides are happily, maybe not happily, but they are still like, you can say you hate these platforms, but you're still using them, and people are still accepting these jobs. There are people that, as much as they don't like the experience maybe of being the labor side of this equation, are ultimately still like the flexibility of being able to earn $10 here, $20 there, et cetera.
John
Anyways, the thing that always bugged me was when there's not enough financial education among the workers that you saw, like Uber drivers who would be like, like renting a car or they'd buy a car with high depreciation and they wouldn't factor the depreciation into their wages. And so they were actually upside down on the deal and losing money every month. That felt like, whoa, okay, like, there needs to be something that helps that. I know that there, at least with the Uber days, there were some forums where people would go and calculate the highest ROI vehicle you could possibly buy. And sometimes it was Tesla, sometimes it was, oh, you get this version of the Escalade that's four years old, so it's already depreciated, and then you can do Uber black and it's the highest ROI possible. But if someone's not doing that, then they could actually not be making money, which is very rough. But anyway, Tony, rebutted this and said this is not doordash and I would fire anyone who promoted or tolerated this kind of culture, the kind of culture described in this Reddit post. There's so much wrong with this post. Dashers are not human assets. Having a metric like a desperation score is an abomination. We've never had a driver benefit fee. Why would you charge for faster delivery but not make it faster? We're not perfect by any stretch of the imagination, but we work every day to make our platform better for everyone who comes to it. What's described here is appalling and if true, whoever's operating in this manner should be ashamed. And doordash the official account quoted as well and said the awful claims in this post clearly hit a nerve. To be clear, this Reddit post is not about doordash. Given how differently we operate, we thought we'd take a moment to share what our approach is actually like. And there was a whole bunch of back and forth. Some people were screenshotting it saying that it might have been AI generated. And I think that's not a good rebuttal because first off, just, you know, I read the whole thing. It doesn't feel like it's written by AI. But even so, if you're a whistleblower and you have a bunch of information to share, I don't see a problem with power passing that through an LLM to punch it up and get it spell checked and grammar checked, it might not do you any good. If people feel like it's written by AI and they feel like, oh, this is just someone trolling on Reddit anonymously.
Jordy
But what I would like to better understand is how many people what the actual churn is like on the driver side of these businesses. Because people talk about, you know, this acceptance rate and who gets what jobs and things like that. In a traditional environment, like in a restaurant, if you are like a server, let's say, and your manager is like, hey, like you're in this kind of zone. Like what you're in the zone of the restaurant. Any table that comes in here you're handling today and the server's like, well, I don't want to do that table, because I don't think they're going to take tip very well. Or that person always comes in and they just, they're needy, but they don't order that much and it's not going to be a big bill. Like that manager would probably end up like firing the person. Right? You have to kind of accept the good and the bad. Right. Whereas for this, it's different because DoorDash doesn't actually employ these people, the drivers. I think, like the flexibility of the work, I think that's like a big value prop. And so. So again, it creates this scenario where you have to use bunch of weird incentives to ultimately make the entire. Like, if half the time you went on DoorDash, your food never got delivered, the service would cease to exist because people would just be like, well, I'm just going to drive and go pick it up myself. And I'm sure some people would argue that that's actually good.
John
Yeah. But anyway, big question is, did he tip his librarian? He was at the library drinking. I think if you're getting drinks at the library. I didn't even know you could get drinks served at the library. That's awesome. I want to go to this library.
Jordy
So at least hit the librarian with a buzz ball.
John
For sure.
Jordy
For sure. This is a life hack.
John
If you have a 30 rack, if you bring a 30 rack into the. Throw it down on the desk.
Jordy
Throw a buzz ball to the librarian as a sign of respect.
John
Yeah. Librarian goes, beer me. Beer me, brother. If you're gonna be in here posting on Reddit and chugging beers all day long, tip me, Tip me.
Jordy
Oh, well, I think, I think, I hope that 2026 is year of the buzzball.
John
You're into buzz balls. I was. Buzzballs were Post my time. I never had one.
Jordy
They were big. When I was four.
John
Local gush.
Jordy
And what I appreciate now, in college, people were ready for buzz balls. Like, you were trained. No, you were trained in the sense of, like, if somebody threw a buzz ball at you, your arms are staying at the side.
John
Oh, wait, wait. Oh, this is a. This is like a prank. I'm completely unfamiliar with this. Tell me the culture of the buzzball.
Jordy
The culture of the buzz ball. So you get a buzz ball, obviously, like near the checkout at any type of like.
John
Yes, I've seen them. I've seen them.
Jordy
And so the idea is like, you're going to buy the thing that you're actually going to drink. You just pick up one of these. They have a few. It's the equivalent of a few shots of just terrible alcohol.
John
It's pretty strong for single.
Jordy
Yeah, it's very strong.
John
It's more than a single serving of alcohol.
Jordy
Yeah, it's very strong. It's terrible. So it's like a punishment. You would never drink one of these for fun.
John
Sure.
Jordy
And you go back to whatever your house or apartment and you throw the ball at somebody. If they catch it, they have to drink it. Normally if you throw something at somebody and they're expecting it, they're gonna catch it. They're like, what's going on?
John
Of course.
Jordy
But in kind of at least the heyday of buzzball, for me, you knew this was something that could. A threat that could come out of nowhere at any time. It could come out at 9am Right? 10am and so you're gonna keep your hands down and you're not gonna catch it. You'll sidestep.
John
Okay, okay. But now what if it smashes into the tv? Are there like buzzball disasters that happen?
Jordy
I'm sure there are results in a lot of destruction, but now people. People are not. I hit my dear friend Ben Taft. He's a venture capitalist, he's my neighbor. You hit him with a buzzball? Hit him with a buzzball.
John
When?
Jordy
Like three weeks ago. He was fully unprepared. Fully unprepared. He just caught it.
John
Well, I would be unprepared.
Jordy
I feel bad that you caught this.
John
Scoot in the chat says I already got the CEO of Substack to drink a buzzball. This is good lore. Thank you.
Jordy
That's good scoot. This is good. This is good scoot. See?
John
Is the culture of the buzzball alive and well on college campuses or do we need to be back?
Tyler
I'm not 21, I never had alcohol.
John
Okay, yeah, yeah, that makes sense. Maybe we have to send you back for one non gap semester day on your 21st birthday to go experience college life and the life of the buzz ball. Anyway, let me tell you about Gemini 3 Pro. It's Google's most intelligent model yet. State of the art reasoning, next level version vibe coding and deep multi myrtle understanding.
Jordy
Okay, let's go to one of the more viral posts from the last few weeks from the holiday kick us off.
John
Read this.
Jordy
Oh, you want me to read it? Yeah, you want me to read it? I've three or four. No, no, no. Okay, I'm kidding. This is just one.
John
We can trade off.
Jordy
So Justin says, am I just a monster? It's been four years since I became a father and I'm beginning to fear for my soul. The truth is I just don't like being around kids for very long. Historically this is not uncommon among fathers, but today it feels almost legal. It's causing me a lot of confusion. Confusion and anguish. The ideal amount of time I would like to spend playing with my kids is probably about 70 to 140 minutes. A week, roughly 10 minutes each day, maybe two times a day. Taking breaks from work. My feelings of love towards them are perfectly strong, but I have to watch them or entertain them for more than about 10 minutes. My blood starts to boil. I just want to be working or accomplishing something. I try to be grateful, but it doesn't work. It's 9am this morning. Saturday, January 3rd. It's a sunny warm day here in Austin. My four year old son is begging me to play catch in the street. I was drinking coffee, still waking up, so I didn't really feel like it. But at this age, his desire to play is insatiable. He begged and begged, so I conceded and with a smile. I have no problem being a kind and loving father. The problem is only that I do not enjoy it.
John
Brutal.
Jordy
Very, very brave to post this. It's not that I'm trying to maximize.
John
But we haven't seen the other side of this. What if his son is like yeah bro, I don't enjoy it either. Yeah.
Jordy
But another what if this is gonna be like a generational, you know, father son rivalry where some patricide going on? Yeah, we don't know. Anyways, Justin continues It's not that I'm trying to maximize my personal pleasure. It just seems wrong that I experienced so little delight when my dad friends all claim to experience so much. It was beautiful. We live on a picturesque tree lined block. I am even relatively relaxed from the holiday rest tree line blocks. Give it up for tree lined blocks, great places to raise them, how to make them anymore. Playing catch with your son is supposed to be an iconic peak experience. Yet for every single minute on the inside I just don't want to be there. I want to be drinking my coffee in peace. Then I feel guilty and absurdly ungrateful and ashamed to when we're done. I know that when he is a teenager I'll long to have these days back. I have all of this perspective rationally and I've been very patient and steadfast trying to digest it. But nothing fixes me emotionally. Am I a terrible person or is my feeling within a certain range of historically normal and it's modern parenting norms that are off. Whether it's my fault or not, I don't even care. I just want to figure this out. Something is wrong and I no longer have the excuse of being new to.
John
This Got well a lot of people weighed in.
Jordy
14 million views, 14 million views, 3,000.
John
Reposts and 5,000 likes.
Jordy
I would ultimately say this is the worst like to View ratio, which means.
John
That a lot of more replies than likes. Crazy, crazy stuff. Anyway, I like Justin. He's been on the show. He came and talked to us about Nick Land. He's a very interesting thinker, very interesting writer.
Jordy
And one thing that, that part of what he talked about was like, how you can make it as an independent writer or creative. And so I think you have to view this post from the lens of somebody who is like their primary focus in life right now is escaping the.
John
Permanent underclass, but also outside of institutions. Like, he's not in an academic organization. He could be doing writing or in house somewhere at some tech company or something. I think he was talking to us a little bit about that. But he's been very, very independent. And that obviously creates the type of work that consumes all seeps into all sorts of cracks. Because there's no moment when you're like, okay, I'm logging off and my boss doesn't expect me to do anything until Monday. It's like, oh, you could always be doing a little bit more when you're effectively an entrepreneur. So there's a little bit of that in here, I think in general. Skill issue, skill issue. I love Justin, but skill issue, you have to use what I call the Dan Bilzerian method.
Jordy
This is parenting of parenting.
John
The Dan Bilzerian method, especially. This works especially well for four year old boys. So you just assume you're Dan Bilzerian, but instead of entertaining like an Instagram girl, you're entertaining a four year old. So you're like, hey, want to get in a really fast car and drive around fast? They're like, absolutely. That sounds amazing. Want to go look at fine watches? Want to go, you know, want to go look at guns or whatever else? Like, whatever Dan Bilzerian does. Want to learn poker, buddy? I'll be like, absolutely. I want to play cards. Four year old boys have the mind of Dan Bilzerian effectively. And so before you say, oh yeah.
Jordy
Honestly, it's even more expensive than that.
John
I can't afford a fancy car like dan Bilzerian. A four year old cannot tell the difference between an SF90 and a Dodge Viper. Just get the Dodge Viper, get a.
Jordy
Red car, get a red car.
John
They will be so stoked. My son wants to have a Blackwing themed birthday party. And I'm like, dude, we're not doing a Cadillac CT5V Blackwing themed birthday party. Like, it is a very weird thing. I got this car half jokingly, I know you love it because it goes vroom. And it goes very fast and he's very excited about it. But truly you have to return to four year old boy mentality. And that is the mentality of Dan Bilzerian. And so if you adopt the mind of Dan Bilzerian, you will have a very enjoyable time with your four year old son. But I think the bigger picture is that Justin probably just doesn't like playing catch. And that's fine. My son is slightly.
Jordy
I think it's slightly deeper than that. I think if you're not sacrificing. Satisfied with where you are in life as a man.
John
Yes.
Jordy
Whose job is to provide for his family. If you're not satisfied with your life, you will not be satisfied by parenting.
John
Because unless you're behind the wheel of a Dodge Viper, that's.
Jordy
Yes, yes. But what I understand here is my reading of it is like, he doesn't feel sad. Like he doesn't. It's maybe a sense of stress. Stress. It's hard to enjoy just playing catch or going for a walk or.
John
Yeah. Because he can't get off his feet.
Jordy
Over the last two weeks, I was spending all day with my wife and kids and it's raining. Right. So you're kind of like stuck indoors and you're. And our options are like going outside. Like, I would go outside and we would walk around and like pick up slugs and like fucks. Right. Because Dan Bilzerian. Dan Bilzerian, four year old mode. And I felt at peace. I was enjoying that in part because we worked so hard last year. I was like, you know, Norm, historic historically, on Christmas breaks, I was like, I would be annoyed that it was the holidays because I'd be like, it's inappropriate for me to email somebody and say like, hey, let's talk.
John
Right. Yeah.
Jordy
It felt like hitting it, you know, needing to slow down for like this couple speed bumps.
John
Totally.
Jordy
When you're trying to go 100 miles an hour. And so. So yeah, I think that's. I ultimately think that's just a huge part of it. It's like the more satisfied you are by your life as a father, the more satisfied you'll be just doing the simple things of life with your kids. The other thing that I've noticed is the more time you spend with your kids, the more enjoyable it is. It's actually like, if you don't spend a lot of time with your kids, you'll spend 10 minutes, you'll get that sort of endorphin rush and that's enjoyable. And then it kind of drops off from there. But the more like there's increasing returns to scale.
John
Totally, totally. Yeah. Yeah. I mean, I've been playing Mario Kart with my son and he beat me for the first time ever just yesterday. And it was like this like very interesting moment, very cool, felt very fun. But also it's like I just, I enjoy playing Mario Kart. So. Yeah, and same with like when we do Legos now.
Jordy
And so now you guys can start.
John
I feel like it gets better and better.
Jordy
You can start gambling his allowance on Mario Kart. Introduce him to putting some money on the line.
John
Maybe he should get an allowance every once in a while. He like acquires coins randomly somehow and like, he's very proud of that. But yeah, I do think that there's something to be said for trying to find activities that align because a four year old, specifically a four year old boy, I think, I mean, that's not my only experience, but a four year old boy with a father is like the most memetic creature possible. Like, he's literally just looking to you for everything. So you can say, I like dinosaurs. And he'll be like, I'm so into dinosaurs. But if you're not into dinosaurs, you can be like, actually, I want to go look at horses today or something. Whatever you're into, they will be alongside. Like, there's times when I can. Like whenever we're in the car, he doesn't request.
Jordy
Get ready to read the Wall Street Journal.
John
Get ready to read the Wall Street Journal, buddy. I actually am excited all the time. I will read all sorts of stories to him. And yeah, I have to stop and explain them in like I'm five. Literally explain them like I'm four. But it's still fun. And same thing with the music. He wants to listen to my playlist. He wants to listen to rock music and like the song songs that I like.
Jordy
Yeah.
John
And yeah, I do. I do a light filter so that there's no like.
Jordy
Yeah, part, part of that is almost leadership. I think my son loves dinosaur is probably, you know, if there was a.
John
Spotify wrapped a class on dinosaurs.
Jordy
Yes, yes, yes. No. But what I was gonna say, if there was like a, if there was like a kid's book Spotify wrapped. Yeah, he'd be in the top.0001% dinosaur enjoyers. The problem is like, I read, I read to him before bed every night, right? Seven days a week we're reading. If. If he was just like deciding what we were going to read, it'd be dinosaurs every night. And it's so hard to pronounce some of these.
John
Give me some dinosaur book racks. Because we.
Jordy
No, but, but let me finish. So where I got to is, I'm like, okay, like I, we got to introduce, we got to introduce more books because like if, if we're there, there are like kids oriented books, even for like the four year old range that are more, that are like interesting parables, stories, stories, et cetera, that are just like timeless. Timeless and worth reading. And so I've enjoyed massively over the break, like switching it up a lot. We got like a comic book, comic book style, like action comic of the Bible, right? So we're reading that, right? And that's like he enjoys it, I enjoy it. It's just like you gotta be like switching it up and not at the same time. Like you want to be leaning into their interests but not, not overly, just doing whatever, generate your own ideas, Turn.
John
This semi analysis, deep dive into a children's book so that I can read it to my son about the TPUV7.
Jordy
There's something there, something there.
John
You got to give me some recommendations for dinosaur books because my son found a dinosaur toy, took a picture of it, ID'd it with one of the, one of the LLMs and then he was like, I want to know more, I want to read books. And I realized I'm actually like woefully under resourced when it comes to dinosaur books. I have like two and none of them are particularly good.
Jordy
So anyway, breaking breaking news.
John
Breaking news.
Jordy
We got some breaking news.
John
What's breaking news?
Jordy
Department of Energy just announced that it awarded general matter 900 million for uranium.
John
Wow.
Jordy
Hit that app loving gong, John. It shakes. It shakes the camera. It shakes the camera.
John
That's amazing.
Jordy
I think we got to figure out how to hang the gong from the rafters.
John
We do, yeah, yeah.
Jordy
We're refining, we're refining. Let's, let's pull this.
John
Well, while we do that, let me tell you about Lambda Lambda is the superintelligence cloud building AI supercomputers for training and inference that scale from one GPU to hundreds of thousands. Let's move on to our breaking news.
Jordy
What you got for me? Let's see. So the US awards 2.7 billion worth of orders to boost uranium enrichment. So it sounds like there's a few players here. Department of Energy announced Monday it was wording orders 2.7 to three companies to boost domestic uranium enrichment over the next 10 years and a broader effort to reduce US dependence on Russian supply.
John
Yeah, no, no, Never knew this. A lot of the, A lot of the uranium comes from decommissioned missiles and stuff. So it's already been processed and then they, they break it apart and we, you know, just buy it from them because they're like basically denuclearizing, I believe. Pretty. Pretty.
Jordy
Yeah. So it's American centrifuge operating General Matter and Orano Federal Services secured the order.
John
Nice.
Jordy
The department said if you want to sell to the government, maybe put Federal services in your name.
John
Well, I think that might be. Not a startup. I think that might be owned by the government or something like that.
Jordy
Is it. Or is it a private? Is it a private? It's private. Says it's a private company. But the contracts would require the companies to meet specific milestones to provide enrichment services for low enriched uranium and high, say, low enriched uranium for existing nuclear power plants and new smaller modular reactors. Today's awards show that this administration is committed to restoring a secure domestic nuclear fuel supply chain capable of producing the nuclear fuels needed to power the reactors of today in the advanced reactors of tomorrow, said Secretary of Energy Chris Wright. Russia is currently the only country that makes hale uranium enriched to between 5% and 20%, which is said to make new high tech reactors more efficient in commercial volumes. Funds to make the fuel domestically in the United States were included in a law to ban uranium shipments from Russia fully by 2028. So big, big news.
John
Very cool. Well, let me tell you about CrowdStrike. Your business is AI. Their business is securing it. CrowdStrike secures AI and stops breaches in the tracks. Check out CrowdStrike. So the Dwarkesh piece, it's sort of big. We might want to go through it.
Jordy
Let's save it for tomorrow.
John
Let's save it for tomorrow. Let's skip through this. The big shift to Miami. Miami is back. This was from Teddy Schleffer in the New York Times. He writes news. Larry Page and Peter Thiel are making moves to leave California by the end of the year to avoid a possible billionaires tax that could hit them where it hurts.
Jordy
And Patrick Collison said yesterday Miami posting might be a phenomenon whose time has passed, but having just spent a few days visiting, it really does feel like a boomtown in a way that no other American city that I've spent time in over the past few years does. In some way it reminds me of Chinese cities. Why was he in Miami? Was he just there for the Soho beach house? Was he there?
John
F1, maybe.
Jordy
F1.
John
F1. F1 takes place in Miami every year oh, you think he was in there.
Jordy
Like this week, he said, having just spent a few days visiting. Okay, I don't know because I mean, to be clear, like, Patrick Collison would be subject to totally the billionaire tax. That.
John
That.
Jordy
Ro Khanna. Ro Khanna, former guest of the show. Former guest of the show. It was funny.
John
So.
Jordy
So Ro came on the show and I asked him about something that he had said like a week prior, and he was like, I don't agree with that. It's like it seems. He seems to be a guy that does. It's weak beliefs Weekly held.
John
I don't know.
Jordy
So anyways. But yeah, it was. Yeah. David Sachs announced. The. David Sacks announced that he was going to Austin.
John
Yeah.
Jordy
PT. Great press release. PT. Clearly. Press release.
John
December 31st. Ro Khanna said Peter Thiel is leaving California. If we pass a 1% tax on billionaires for five years to pay for health care for the working class facing steep Medicaid cuts. I echo what FDR said with sarcasm of economic royalists. When they threaten to leave, I will make miss them very much. So Ro Khanna will not be missing everyone. That leaves the debate sort of shifted back to like, okay, if billionaires do leave successfully, what will the impact be on the technology industry? And I'm wondering if the question is not like, Silicon Valley exists in San Francisco and Silicon Valley or like, you know, the Delian idea of like, let's move Silicon Valley to Miami. Like, that didn't really happen, but is there. Is there a world. I had this theory that Miami could become. You're not moving Silicon Valley to Miami. You're moving Sandhill Road to Miami. And like, no startups move to the Bay and are like, I need an office on Sandhill Road. They're like, I'll get an office in San Francisco. When I want to raise money, I'll drive down to Sand Hill Road.
Jordy
Yeah, but almost every venture capitalist also just got a presence in San Francisco.
John
No, but what I mean is that there is a fundraising hub that founders go and visit. And whether it's in Sandhill Road or the Presidio or Miami, it is accessible. If you're doing a roadshow, like, if you're taking a Series B seriously, you're probably going to spend a week in New York. You're probably going to spend a week in Miami at this point, and maybe Austin, too. And going around to different locales for fundraising doesn't seem that hard.
Jordy
And yeah, in 2021, people were doing Miami roadshows and they were pretty affected you could go to Miami and get a roundup.
John
Miami Tech Week was.
Tyler
Yeah.
Jordy
And you were sometimes just calling back to the west coast doing zoom calls. But you could meet a bunch of VCs in a tight.
John
And then also most of these funds have one or two billionaires at them, and then the vast majority of employees of the fund would not be employed. So you could have the founder or the core GP somewhere else, and then the entire team there on the ground taking a ton of meetings. And if it's time to meet the big guy, you fly out or you do a zoom call. And so I don't know that this whole idea of, like, transplant everyone. I guess it is a question. It is a different question for the founders, because, like, Sam, Dario, these guys, like, they cannot be in Miami and actually run an organization in San Francisco. I would imagine they just have to pay this and it'll be very odd. Well, I guess not Sam, because he's like, who knows where he is in terms of equity. I mean, he's probably above it broadly.
Jordy
But every definition that a.
John
Would you like some nonprofit credits?
Jordy
No, every. Every. I'm sure Sam is close to a billionaire just off of his stripe.
John
Yeah, just off of other stuff.
Jordy
For sure.
John
For sure.
Tyler
Okay.
John
The car collection.
Tyler
Here's a theory, okay. Sam is actually behind this because it's going to force Dario either to pay a massive, or they're going to have to move. Right. That's better for opening AI because he doesn't have the.
John
Yeah, get the tinfoil hat on.
Tyler
So Sam is actually behind this. Maybe he's getting everyone out of Silicon Valley so he can stay there.
John
Maybe. I somehow don't. I somehow don't think that's gonna. That's what's going on anyway. Ro Khan.
Jordy
Yeah. I mean, the funny thing that this whole wealth tax debate was happening almost at the same time as the Somali daycare. Somali daycare, yeah.
John
Which was very odd because there's this question of how effective is government once you get the money into the government. It sounds very nice that it's like, oh, it could be redistributed, but if it all gets stolen.
Jordy
Which was funny because we've had a recurring bit on the show where we said, is PT really a billionaire? I've never seen him in chrome heart.
John
Oh, yeah.
Jordy
I've never seen him wearing Rick Owen.
John
And then the guy is.
Jordy
Never seen him with an RM A racing machine on the wrist. Right. And the Somali daycare founder was actually rocking chrome for a press conference.
John
You know, on the question of like, is the government effective at just redistribution broadly? I was reflecting on this fact that you can kind of put the billionaires in two camps. There's like, let's call them like the bleeding hearts that like they sign the giving pledge and they say I'm going to give away half my wealth or all my wealth. And then there's like the ruthless capitalists say I'm not giving away anything, I'm just going to pass it on to my kids. Right. And so there's two camps and let's call the bleeding hearts like they really do want to give away. They want to do they want to leave their capital behind with other people in better ways. They want it to be given away. Right. No one that I'm aware of, of the Giving Pledge folks has ever just said I'm going to give my money to the government. Government. Like they've never just been like oh actually I should just give it to the federal government because the federal government is an efficient way pay down the debt to distribute. Pay down the debt or just like distribute it to people in a tax rebate or something. Like it's always been okay, I gotta go and do like this healthcare and this cancer research and this doc. It's always something more specific.
Jordy
Yeah, Bill Gates new pledge is specifically gonna deploy a lot of capital into Africa.
John
Yeah. But it's never just okay, yeah, I built my wealth in California. I'm just gonna give myself my money to the state of California. Which is odd, but Ro Khanna puts a lot of context here. He says my district is $18 trillion, nearly 1/3 of US stock of the US stock market in a 50 mile radius. We have five companies with a market cap over a trillion dollar and we have five companies with a market cap over a trillion dollar companies. This is not AI written, but it maybe should be. If I can stand up for a billionaire tax. This is not a hard position for 434 other members or 100 senators. Those saying we wouldn't have a future Nvidia in the bay if this tax goes into effect are glossing over Silicon Valley's history. Jensen was at LSI Logic and his co founders at Sun. He started Nvidia in my district because of the semiconductor talent. I do sort of agree with this. Like I think the effects would take a very, very long time.
Jordy
No, no, the issue I have is it's just a slippery slope down the asset seizure mountain.
John
They really gotta build the high speed rail. All of this is just so the high speed rail is just Such an easy dunk on all of this. Like high speed rail. Oh, you want more high speed rail? High speed rail didn't work. So nothing you do works. If I was Gavin Newsom, I feel like I'd just be like, okay, I'm actually gonna go finish the high speed rail thing. And then you can't say that anymore because I did it. But it's still. And it's like we were talking about the high speed rail thing was a meme like three years ago. It's like you've had three years to go build more high speed rail and like it just hasn't happened. And I think that's like. I mean, it was the cornerstone anecdote of Ezra Klein's book Abundance with Derek Thompson. It's like the main anecdote for a new order among, like liberal Democrats. And I thought it did. It broke through really well because it met people where they were, which is dissatisfaction with the lack of progress, lack of building, lack of abundance on the left. And Ezra sort of like reset the discussion a little bit. So I don't know, I'd be interested to see where he weighs in on this particular. Is he a fan or does he think that this is a good one?
Jordy
Friedberg had some of the best commentary on this. He absolutely mauled Roe Khanna. It was a brutal mogging. There's a quote from the All In Pod X account. They say, Friedberg, California's billionaire taxes Trojan horse to go after the middle class's private assets. Friedberg. The reason they're calling it a billionaire tax is to make it easier for people to vote for it and sign up to this entirely new tax system that they're proposing to put on all Americans at some point. And for the first time ever, degrading our private property rights. Forget how much wealth you have, forget about how rich you are. Forget about the term billionaire millionaire, whatever it is we're creating or proposing the creation of a new tax system that allows the government for the first time ever, to come in and audit everything you own, all the jewelry your grandma gave you, the value of all the couches in your house, the value of your car, the value of all your stocks and bonds. And the government can come in and for the first time look through the veil into your personal property and say, here's how much all this stuff is worth. I'm charging you a percentage of that. That's what I need to get paid. And it doesn't matter that it starts with billionaires. What matters is that we're Giving the government the right to look into our private property and take a percentage of it every year. The total net worth of billionaires in the US is 8 trillion. The net worth of the US, the middle class and everyone else is 170 trillion compared to the 8 trillion of the billionaires. Chamath says they need a way to open the doors to think after the real honeypot. The real honey pot is not, not 200 people. And Friedberg continues, just so everyone understands what the real goal of this is, not to tax billionaires, because there are other ways to tax billionaires. You could charge them a capital gains tax if they borrow against their assets that they haven't paid capital gains tax on. Very simple. That can resolve this. Another thing you can do, you can raise the capital gains tax rate. Sounds unpopular. I don't agree with that. But that's another way to deal with this, which is to take the capital gains tax rate from 20% to 30%. You could do that. The real goal of this is to create for the first time in American history, a private property asset seizure tax. Because they're going after the 170 trillion, not the 8 trillion that the billionaires have. So, yeah, again, the founding fathers would be absolutely disgusted with the state of our current tax structure. They would be throwing up come the New York Post.
John
Would be crazy.
Jordy
Yeah, I just think people need to realize how far this can go. And I think that the political story of the next seemingly decade, two decades potentially as our lifetimes, is politicians running on. I will raise taxes, I will take assets from people, I will take the assets from private citizens, and I will redistribute them to you if you vote for me. And that feels like an incredibly vicious cycle that I don't see how it ever stops. So I'm so blackpilled on it, I don't even want to talk about it anymore.
John
Unfortunately, the number of billionaires has grown globally from 140 in 1987 to over 3,000 in 2025. With enough inflation, everyone will be a billionaire eventually. If we go through a period of hyperinflation, you could see everyone making billions.
Jordy
Introduce billionaire tax print. Yep, hyperinflate, hyperinflate. I mean, everyone's a billion.
John
You know, there's like countries where, like, there was so much inflation that people would be making billions of dollars for a loaf of bread, basically quadrillion dollar.
Jordy
I'm reading, reading a book on the banking system in, in the 14th and 15th century right now. And they introduced various governments, would introduce wealth, they were always like going to war with other city states. And so various governments would like introduce a wealth tax. And then so people were just constantly trying to argue like, well this isn't worth that, or they'd be putting, you know, they'd be putting assets into a bank under a bunch of different names, like there was tons of tons of fraud. But ultimately people do not enjoy earning dollars buying assets and then having those assets confiscated.
John
It does feel like it will create an immense amount of jobs, like assessing all these assets. I mean the family offices of these billionaires themselves employs dozens of people to track everything. And then you have the flip side of that, which is the private or the state effort to monitor all those assets.
Jordy
So it just becomes, yeah, it's going to be truly, it's truly an impossible, like, you know, we spend all of our, not all of our time, we spend a lot of our time covering the private markets. Right. And so if you're a business owner and you have some, somebody in the government coming and saying like, hey, you made X amount. You made, you made a million dollars. We're actually looking at public comps right now and companies in your category are trading at between 20 and 30 times earnings. So actually you're worth, you know, you're worth $50 million. And we have this tax where if you're worth 50 million or more, which, which Elizabeth Warren has proposed a wealth tax, I think like she's talked about doing like 8% above 50 million, something like that. And so yeah, you're actually, congratulations, you qualified for the wealth tax. And the person's like, well, we only had this much net income last year because of this one time thing and suddenly you're having to argue against the value of your own.
John
It'd be very weird because a lot of startups want to get the valuation as high as possible for recruiting purposes. And then you have like, for tax purposes, they want to minimize the valuation.
Jordy
There's already, it's never going to work. I was catching up with a portfolio company founder over the break and technically I have shares in the company that are marked at close to seven figures. And he's considering a pivot right now, which means that like the value of the equity is, is, is worth like, is worth like a tiny fraction of the last round.
John
Because it's like completely changing.
Jordy
Yeah, it's, it's starting over. Start basically like starting over from zero. Or also there's a scenario that he just shuts it down. Yeah, right. And so it's like I, I kind of put the. Even though. Even though, like investors in the company have that equity marked.
John
Yeah.
Jordy
At tens of millions of dollars.
John
Yeah.
Jordy
I value it at effectively zero. But the government will not. The government will be like, oh, look at this reputable VC that backed the company and they just did it. They did it in the last year. How can you say this is not worth that? This is worthless stock. This looks like it's worth quite a lot.
John
Of Let me tell you about Shopify and then let's move on to some outlooks for the future. Shopify is the commerce platform that grows with your business and lets you sell in seconds online, in store. The backbone on mobile, on social, on.
Jordy
Marketplaces, and now the backbone of the Internet economy.
John
Backbone of my career. I've been using Shopify since 2012, I believe 2013. So yeah, over a decade on Shopify. Wow.
Jordy
All right, let's talk predictions.
John
What did Scott Belsky predict for the future 2026? Number one, he said massive amount of talent arbitrage. There is much fear and discussion about job losses as a result of AI. But the often young and fearless AI native talent that is most aggressively engaging with new tech has a fascinating advantage in the current workforce. People with knowledge of the better way will run circles around their colleagues and bosses. For example, companies want to hire answer engine optimization efforts or experts over search engine options optimization practitioners. Most marketing leaders are still not conducting old fashioned focus groups. Rather than using AI breakthroughs in market research, 2026 provides a precious work window for young or overlooked talent to gain an advantage as early adopters. 2. The buzzy concerns around AI in Hollywood will be grounded by the reality of what audiences increasingly crave. Craft, craft, meaning and shared experiences. The industry. This is particularly interesting because of course he works at a 24. The industry will start to realize that there is a stark difference between content creators, those willing to trade control for speed, using AI to make ads and social media content, and artists, those not willing to trade control for speed who only favor emerging technology that preserve control and precision to help new and better stories be told. The technology and models that ultimately elevate the craft will get lasting traction in Hollywood while the prompt based slop tools will focus more on social content creator use cases. Finally, the idea of personalized personalized films with audience cameos will be humbled by the realization that people favor shared experiences. Ben Thompson's talked about this a lot. The shelling point like Taylor Swift is a specific event and when you go to that, when you go to to that Taylor Swift eras tour and you Run into someone else who also went to the same show. You can talk about that. And it's the same thing. And people, even though they like personalized content, they also like being able to say, oh, do you. Do you agree with Dwarkesh's take? Not just do you agree with what AI told you specifically today and you saw something completely different. People do like that shared experience. And I think that's something that's a little more tractable than people give credit it too. Finally, the idea of. So people want to be inspired by craft and they want a common experience to discuss or even share in theaters with friends. Did you see any movies over the break?
Jordy
Yeah. This is why people enjoy watching TVPN is they can debate. Is Tyler using the Gigachad filter right now? It provides a shared experience that you can have a conversation around. What did you say?
John
Did you see any movies over the break?
Jordy
Sicaria one answer.
John
You did. Let's go. I recommended that. Give me your review.
Jordy
I mean, Masterpiece. Masterpiece goes in my top five films.
John
Yeah.
Jordy
Ever. It's fantastic.
John
Did you like.
Tyler
That's because I seen four.
John
That's.
Jordy
That's right. But it's still top five by default.
John
Did you like, you know the difference between one and two? Like completely different team. So. So one. One is regarded.
Jordy
Taylor Sheridan didn't do two.
John
I forget exactly the. The difference. I need to look it up. But Sicario 2, I believe it had a different. I believe it had a different team. The director.
Jordy
So he wrote Sicario 2 but didn't direct it?
John
Exactly. Yeah. And I think it got worse reviews than the first one. But did you like one better than the other?
Jordy
What Zootopia 2 recommend? Zootopia. Just skip Zootopia 1.
John
Zootopia 1 is great.
Jordy
Go straight to 2. Great movie with your 40s. Yeah. Anyways, what. What. What movie do you recommend I watch next?
John
Ooh, that's a tough one. There was. There was a list of movies that was going viral from. Was it Bill Simmons? Movie list. Movie list. This one.
Jordy
Did you watch the Ping Pong Marty Supreme?
John
I didn't. I didn't get watch. You watched it? What'd you think?
Tyler
It was pretty good. I enjoyed it. I like Safdie Brothers, their movies.
John
Yeah, me too.
Jordy
Okay, here's the thing. The marketing was so good and so intense that it feels very likely without having seen the film that the marketing overshadows the film itself. Do you think that tracks?
Tyler
Yeah, maybe.
Jordy
Like, what will we remember? What will we Remember more in 5 years? The marketing or the film Yeah, I.
Tyler
Think that's definitely an argument you could have, which is, like, not. You don't usually, like, say that about movies. So. Yeah, just by saying that, it's like, yeah, probably the marketing.
Jordy
Yeah, maybe it's a lesson. It's like, you don't make your marketing too good.
John
Otherwise, people, they feel like they got the experience. This is something Derek Thompson talked to us about, and Dan Wong called out again to go back to his piece. He said that, like, a really, really short TV hit would sell more books than going on a really big podcast for an hour. Because if somebody listens to someone lay out their thesis for their book, over.
Jordy
An hour, tell the most interesting story.
John
Exactly. They're like, well, I got one hour of this. Do I really want to have six hours of this on the audiobook? I kind of got the audiobook version, the summary. Whereas if somebody sees, like, on, you know, some daytime TV show, somebody shows up for two minutes and it just gives, like, one take, you're like, oh, like, I could go more. And then also demographics. The TV watchers are more likely to buy books. But we're not talking about books, we're talking about movies. And there are some recommendations here from Bill Simmons. He calls these the most rewatched movies of the century. Devil Wears Prada, Social Network, Anchorman, the Town, The Departed. Miami Vice, Hangover. Superbad. Have you seen Superbad? I think that would be a good one for you. It's very funny. It holds up. I think you'd like that. Stepbrothers. You've never seen Step Brothers? Stepbrothers. I feel like we did a scene around Step Brothers. The. The movie that I think you might like, if you like. Sicario might be Taken. Have you seen Taken? Liam Neeson. Great movie. Great movie. Team. Team loves it.
Jordy
Studio goes wild.
John
Studio goes wild. John Wick. If you haven't seen the original John Wick, that's a great movie. John, have you seen Prisoners? Yeah, Prisoners is great for sure. Prisoners. Any Denis Villeneuve movie is good.
Tyler
Jordy, maybe you should go like Art House. Have you tried any of those?
John
Art House.
Jordy
How about Capitol House? You have any recommendations?
Tyler
Margin Call.
John
I saw Sicario as a double feature. I went to the movie theater, bought two tickets, saw Sicario, walked straight into the Martian, Saw that. It was great. Great day.
Jordy
That was great. Well, this is the year of the Social Network work, too.
John
Yeah. I somehow think it's not going to be as good as the first one. It just feels like it's going to be mired.
Tyler
I think it depends who plays Dwarkesh.
John
Yes, yes. I hope, I hope that they really go into that.
Jordy
It's about focus entirely on Yann Lecun's.
John
Hot takes around the llama 4. Overfitting of the benchmarks. That should be where it's.
Justin Mares
Where it's.
Jordy
Anyways, back to. Back to Scott. He says behind the scenes proof of crafts content will enter the mainstream of advertising, advertising and entertainment. As more AI generated content fills our feeds, we will develop a membrane of doubt. That's fake. We'll become a default reaction as we become. That was kind of the slower reaction to this company pickle.com that came out. People at first were like, wow, this is super cool. And then people started being like, wait, is this real? Is this fake? We can get to that later. Scott says that's fake. Will become a default reaction as we become increasingly unimpressed by attention grabbing content. This is how I've been with AI generated kind of launch videos and vibe reels. I just, I haven't. I haven't watched a single one.
John
Yeah.
Jordy
I assume you'll tell me if one of them is good.
John
AI generated launch vibe reels.
Jordy
Maybe you're not watching them either. Tyler probably watches them. Still pure AI purist over here.
Tyler
Andy. Two cents. That was pretty good. I thought that was AI generated.
Jordy
Yeah, but that had. That had like great ideas. It was, it was a lot more. It wasn't just here's a bunch of cool images that are trying to make you feel something. I'm skipping over those.
John
We got a couple recommendations from the chat. Glengarry Glen Ross, highly recommend. That is a fantastic movie. Also famous watch movie. If you're into Rolexes. Alec Baldwin's character says, look at this watch. This watch costs more than your car. It's a Rolex President Margin call. I feel like I saw that a long time ago. It's been Wild Lioness. I haven't seen that. That looks pretty good. I have to check that out. There's a couple others here. Anyway, Cognition. They should make a movie about cognition. Let me tell you about the software engineer. Devin, the AI software engineer. Crush your backlog with your personal AI engineering team.
Jordy
We got to get Scott back on the show.
John
Yeah. Update on how things look in 2026. He had some crazy predictions that came 100% true this year. He came on the show very early and predicted the IMO gold medal from AI exactly as it played out. That was a great call. And he's always been incredibly tapped in there. So Scott continues says multiple industries from insurance to health care will be impacted impacted by the implications of materially better lifespan healthspan and joy span. That's interesting. Well, we have Justin Mares from Trumed coming on the show in just 25 minutes and he's obviously deep in all of this and can tell us more about this particular trend. Scott says as health wearables, routine blood testing, increasingly accessible preventative body scans and AI health coaches proliferate the population, humans will have have materially more insight and impact over their own health. As we begin to live longer, multiple industries will change us. Life insurers with de risked annuity exposure that are most impacted by mortality, like Global Life among others are poised to benefit from the insured policy. Living longer, we will also see growth among the underlying plumbing companies that manage blood testing like Quest diagnostics, biomarker detection and preventative scans of the major consumer apps and whoop like devices proliferating our lives. We will also see shifts in travel, entertainment, dating apps and beyond as the societal implications of longevity become a mainstream conversation. You gotta get on True Med. We're having Justin on the show in just a little bit. We gotta get on True Med and figure out the ultimate looksmaxing stacks and make sure you're paying for your looksmaxing regiment.
Tyler
The peptides.
John
Yeah, with pre tax dollars. You gotta be looksmaxing on pre tax dollars. That's key. That's key. And thanks Trumed. It is now possible to look smacks with pre tax dollars. Hardware becomes a more popular moat amid a surge of hardware startups. Interesting. Reflecting on this year, there was a surge of hardware startups. We demoed a lot of hardware in 2025. I was asking you about the X reel, those AR VR glasses. I was super bullish on those. But you churned. I churned. Haven't really been.
Jordy
Wait, were you actually bullish on them?
John
Yeah, because when I used the Apple Vision Pro, my. The one experience that I really liked was watching movies in it. So I watched Citizen Kane, another great movie you should watch from start to finish. But Citizen Kane is an extremely difficult film to watch by modern standards. Like Sicari was like, boom, boom, boom, boom, boom. There's always something happening. It's really exciting. You know, you're watching the tactical stuff, the cameras moving, those sweet shots of like the SUV's moving from the aerial. It's amazing. Like, it's so visually stimulating. The color grade's amazing. The sound mix is amazing. Citizen Kane is so slow. It opens with these like really slow title cards and like it's just the easiest movie ever if you're not locked in and really into it to like pull out your phone and just get. And just get, you know, just like tuned out. Is Tyler watching a movie now?
Tyler
I mean, Citizen Kane, there's much more boring movies, I will say, that I've seen.
John
No, I agree, I agree, it's a great movie. But it's just like any movie that's even more. Even before the 80s, I feel like has a slow start, there's lots of exposition. It's just less. It's just less TikTokified versus like a modern Fast and the Furious movie. Even if it's not a good movie, it's gonna hold your attention because there's always something happening. And so.
Tyler
Yeah, that's probably true. But I mean Citizen Kane is known for having like the. I forget what the term is, but it has like the, the thing that starts the whole story, right? The like rosebud. Yeah, it like is supposed to like get you.
John
Yeah, yeah. It's a good. It's a good hook. It's a good hook. You know what it is? The initial rosebud where he drops the. It's the snow globe, right? Yeah, isn't it the snow globe? Have you ever seen those, those brain rot tiktoks where it's throwing the bottle of like, like marbles down the stairs and it smashes and they bounce everywhere? No, you've never seen those. It's like the most brain rotty content possible. And it's kind of like that. Somebody should make a version of that where it starts off and just smashes and just completely goes everywhere anyway. But I was bullish on this because my experience in the Apple Vision Pro was extremely positive when it came to watching films. Like I enjoyed watching movies in it. You could put on Avatar and it's in 3D in an IMAX screen, which you just can't get at home otherwise. So it was basically like a home theater just for yourself. Now I never had any time to use it and so I returned it. And it was not something that was going to go into my daily driver. But we tested a lot of these on guinea pig Tyler over there. We gave him a Quest 3S Ultra Xbox Edition. Didn't play that much. Didn't get. You didn't prestige, right in cod. No, I didn't have Prestige Skill Issue. And the X Rails, you wore them on one flight. You enjoyed it for that?
Tyler
Yeah, it was great.
John
But you just took a flight and you didn't bring them you didn't think I gotta put those in my backpack.
Tyler
Yeah, I mean that was not even aspiration. That was in the summer. I think I last used them Rip.
John
And the Rabbit and the human.
Jordy
Well the only the hardware that I care most about this year is getting a couple great racing sims here in the studio. We gotta see if we can get one on True Med.
John
I wonder it is a. It is a sort of a lifestyle creed. I wonder what is the current Meta? I've been watching a lot of Instagram reels about sweet racing sim setups and I was wondering what the is the meta is the best racing sim VR or is it physical screens these days? I wonder which one is like the.
Jordy
True still physical screens?
John
It's still physical screens like the F1 drivers use physical screens. They don't do VR because I've done some races in VR and it's really cool. It's amazing but it is a heavy thing on your face anyway.
Jordy
Stock continues Ordinary data becomes a less valuable moat these days it feels like every company is trying to sync everyone's data and doing so is becoming easier than ever before. Soon enough, all your products will have all of your data, whether it is via connectors now or Computer Vision plugins later. As connectors of data between apps become ubiquitous, you can expect one the growing importance of proprietary graphs, who knows who, who works with who, who has access to what, et cetera. Two, more projects trying to make personalization portable for consumers and three real time data sources, whether X or the weather or ocean tide patterns becoming more valuable and increasingly captured by robots. Graphs, portable memory and real time data are the new proprietary data moats, he says. 7. Ambient listening and summarization will go mainstream While many teams use services like Granola or Zoom to record and annotate their meetings. Not me.
John
I talked to some people that loved the granola wrapped because it had all the context on every.
Jordy
Like you said, nothing on my end. Thanks 400 times.
John
But I mean there were some really interesting insights because if you run a remote startup and the vast majority of your day is spent in recorded Zoom meetings, you kind of have a record of every word and you can compress that down, summarize and it can actually give you some at least entertaining insights. I don't know that it's going to completely reinvent your business, but people, it definitely delighted a lot of people. So that was cool.
Jordy
What if Granola this year just has a pop up and it's like, do you know you can automate this entire roll for $1,000 a month you can replace this. I have to imagine that's part of, of like their pitch to investors, right? Is like we're going to understand like what work is actually getting done at these companies and who does what and.
John
How things get made and how things.
Jordy
Get kind of far fetched.
John
But yeah, I mean Will Mentis was posting about the like it was like corporate, it wasn't like corporate espionage, but it was some post about like, about like corporate like backstabbing and like Machiavellian behavior within corporations. And I think his point was just like there are so many secrets within businesses about how things actually get done that don't typically get documented. And so you can get closer to that just because if you're running some business and the secret to your brand is that you do things a specific way and that's not documented. I mean we noticed this with, we'll go on podcasts and get interviewed and we'll explain exactly the thesis of TPPN and like how it works. And even then some, there's still some like lost in translation when we lay it out. It doesn't just come out of just watching it. And I'm sure that that's. And I think that that's clearly true for a lot of businesses regardless. Like there's just secrets that are kept within internally and if granola is like a way to access that like could be valuable. I don't know what's the next one.
Jordy
The power in consumer AI will shift to tightly coupled hardware and operating system providers. The desire for local AI like ambient listening and summarization will coincide with the shift to AI privately running on your device. As one. Open source models that you can download, change and run locally on your device become more capable. Two consumer hardware, Apple and Android phones, whatever OpenAI is brewing and our computers become capable of running powerful LLMs locally. While the world is going to change yet again, the implications for the AI stack are tremendous. From the chips that become valuable, the evolution of operating systems, the devices we use in the role of open source AI. I suspect these changes will be a major area of focus over the next year. I'm very excited to see what Apple releases this year with Gemini. I expect it to be if it's better than the Photos app, if it can be.
John
I have noticed that the text to speech feature has gotten better. I feel like they updated the model at some point and if I'm on a blog post and I click like read this to me in the car or something, it will do a good job and it sounds very human. And they clearly updated that model. I haven't tested a lot of other stuff, but the thing that strikes me as crazy is just that Apple really seems still stuck on this annual release cadence. And in the boom cycle of AI, it feels insane not to just be like, yeah, Gemini deals going live tomorrow. It's like, okay, you did the deal, just put Gemini in Siri today.
Tyler
Yeah. I mean people have been talking about there was some research paper about whether AI tools are actually benefiting companies. And then you look and it was the models that were out in October. It's like, that's already too late.
John
Yeah.
Tyler
Opus is much better than the previous bot model.
John
Yeah. And you think just getting like actual customer feedback, starting to troubleshoot these things. There's also like just a benefit to. I feel like Apple is in many ways very, very cautious with their brand. They're very thoughtful and they don't want like, you know, when Google launched their first image model, now they're loved for Nano Banana. It's remarkable, but remember the first launch, people were doing like the accurate 1940s soldier. And it was very controversial because it got the race wrong. And that was sort of like a backlash that Google was moving fast enough that they got through that and it was not that big of a deal. And obviously they had no negative intentions with that. It was just a mistake. But Apple's not really in that mode of, oh yeah, like let's release things and then deal with like the backlash of things that aren't fully polished. But it feels like there's a little bit of an advantage to actually releasing so fast because like OpenAI over 2025 probably had like seven different crises of like AI psychosis and adult mode and all these bad. There were so many bad headlines. But then there were like 22 really great days where people were like, this is amazing. Thanks so much. This cool new model. And so like it's sort of netted out. Whereas Apple was sort of like at this low den of like what are they doing forever. But I'm very optimistic about the next version.
Jordy
I'm going to skip over a few. One more from Scott. He says, well, we'll see the rise of internal development teams as companies replace single purpose bloated SaaS products with their own apps that collapse functions in magical ways. New internal application development teams will be spawned in large companies and they'll vibe code, tailor made software and agent driven solutions for functions around the company. At first, these efforts will replace SaaS products, especially those that are Expensive private equity owned clunky solutions. We support private equity here.
John
We do.
Jordy
And their clunky solutions. But I can see many of them getting replaced. Over time, these homegrown tools and workflows will start to collapse functions into one another. For example, why must legal and finance tools be so different? In an era where the distinct functions of social marketing, sales and customer support are blurring together, shouldn't new solutions collapse these functions into one? As companies build their own solution, they'll be optimized for a higher level of cross functional work. Let's give it up for cross functional work.
John
Leonard, the founder of Constellation Software was sort of talking about this, right?
Jordy
He just came out, sat on a investor call, it's over. It was a good run.
John
So I was wondering this because on it was January 2nd or something, the market opened and all the SaaS companies were selling off. Did you see this? And people were sort of like, oh, everyone's waking up to the Claude code moment. You'll be able to vibe code any app and replace all your SaaS. And so it's bad news for all the SaaS companies. And I was trying to think about that. So I pulled some stats on the actual revenue of the large SaaS players and I have some here. I mean they're all growing. So Salesforce, Adobe ServiceNow, Palo Alto, Shopify, Workday, Atlassian Zoom, CrowdStrike, Snowflake, Datadog, HubSpot, these are basically the biggest sort of pure play software companies and they're all growing. Revenue somewhere between 5 and 30%. And for this year they're all still up. I guess the question is if one of them has a down year that would be a real indictment. But it would be. My initial thesis was it'd be hard to justify this idea of vibe coded Software truly replacing SaaS. If all of the big SaaS companies are still growing, then it's like clearly a Jevons paradox thing, we're just getting more software. But maybe it's the PE backed small point solution thing that's actually going to get ripped out and that might be more of like a collapse that we see. And sure, the big software companies, they're so big and they do so much that yeah, you're not going to one shot it with Claude, so you're not going to do that. But you do need to be worried about this long tail software that just sticks around and just raises prices and doesn't add any features.
Jordy
Yeah, the threat to some of these I guess more if you think about like the Joe Lamont style companies were built to die. Built to die, right. You have this software that, you know, an investor allocator like Joe would be comfortable buying knowing that the revenue is just going to decline and eventually cease to exist. And you could imagine this being like somebody that makes software for large vending machine companies to manage inventory, something like that.
Tyler
Right.
Jordy
In a kind of overlooked category, not big enough for venture. The question is like will those companies be super quick to adopt, Will they be super quick to adopt AI products themselves or will they be using, will they be like vibe coding? I don't know. The question is you potentially get this sort of like explosion of web developers that just were like thousands, millions of people globally that are going to. I'm going to go to business owners and I'm going to make them a website. And you could see something like that happening with like Vibe coders, like freelance vibe coders, literally.
John
His first point is massive amounts of talent arbitrage. People who with knowledge of the better way will run circles around their colleagues and bosses. So. So there'll probably be a lot of people that understand these tools and then can go into a mid sized enterprise and say, hey, we're paying so much for this old piece of software. Or they'll go into that company and say, hey, we can improve it and keep our customers. We can go back into growth mode economically and maybe this thing doesn't need to die. Maybe with just a little bit of extra work we can make it great again or make it bigger. I want Tyler's response but first I want to tell you about MongoDB. Choose a database build built for flexibility and scale with best in class embedding models and re rankers. MongoDB has what you need to build. What's next? Tyler?
Tyler
Yeah, I think there is some distinction like you mentioned of the software companies. It's like Snowflake or mongodb. People aren't vibe coding their own vector databases. It's like a tool, it's not like the full solution.
John
Yeah, yeah.
Tyler
I would be very surprised if those are the cheap, if those are hurt a lot by coding.
John
Yeah, no, I know, I agree. Also, I mean anything with regulatory, anything with proprietary data involved, there's just a lot of different moats that companies build up. And I think that even companies that seem simple where it feels like something you could Vibe code, but they've been aware of moat building for 20 years and they've been doing it and you might not know that, oh, they actually have some really solid relationship with this legal decision and this thing and they can navigate this for you and it feels just like a SaaS app. But there's something else going on behind the scenes. I think that that creates more durability.
Jordy
Anjanay has 2026 group chat consensus. 1. Extraordinary capabilities progress from Anthropic and Google. Leaving out, leaving out opening.
John
What's going on there.
Jordy
Two, Sovereign, I mean he's. He was an angel and Anthropic, he's got his team. Sovereign nations as largest customers of open source models. 3. Compute scarcity at unimaginable levels. 4. Violent public backlash against perceived AI job losses. Hopefully no violence, but the perceived AI job losses is notable. I saw there was a pretty viral video that popped up on my app this morning and it was like a montage of like big tech layoffs and they were positioning it like it was all AI job loss. And so I think that is going to. That's the story right now. On one hand, it's CEOs and management team saying, hey, maybe I should do more with less. In some cases I'm doing more with less because of AI. But in a lot of cases there's just like you can just exercise willpower.
Tyler
Right?
Jordy
This was the Twitter story which was like, hey, let's do the same. Let's provide the same platform with 75% less people.
John
Yeah, I agree. Railway Railway simplifies software deployment. Web apps, servers and databases run in one place with scaling, monitoring and security built in. Go check out railway. Tomas says. 11 predictions for 2026. We got a bunch of prediction posts here. Every year I make a list of predictions and score last year's predictions. 2025 was a good year. He scored 7.85 out of 10. Here are his predictions for 2026. Businesses pay more for AI agents than people for the first time. Whoa, that's a bull.
Jordy
I don't know that he's saying all businesses. I think he's saying some businesses.
John
Waymo rides cost 31% more than Uber on average. Yet demand keeps growing. We saw Blacked out Uber which Or Waymo, which was iconic. I want to get to that one.
Jordy
Murdered out Waymo. It was the real murdered out Waymo.
John
It might have been AI, I don't know. We got to dig into it. Vector databases resurge as essential infrastructure in the AI stack. 2026 becomes a record year for liquidity. I saw something interesting where. So he's predicting SpaceX, OpenAI, anthropic stripe databricks, IPOs. With SpaceX and OpenAI ranking among the 10 lines, largest offerings ever. The pent up demand. And so a lot of people were saying like this will drive a lot of liquidity into new companies. I mean it doesn't seem like new companies are having trouble raising right now. But in theory, if you're a venture capital firm and you return $50 billion to your LPs, they probably want to sign up for the next fund and the next fund probably gets bigger. And we've seen a couple charts where it looks like venture dollars are declining and the number of funds are declining. But you could see sort of LPs become a little bit more cash rich where they, over the last five years they've been really, really allocating towards venture. They're finally going to get their payoff if they're in the right funds. And now that they have liquidity, maybe they go and do something else with it. Maybe go fund new managers, maybe they go double down on the growth funds that have been providing them return.
Jordy
Maybe they, they buy land.
John
Maybe they buy land.
Jordy
Maybe they're into landmaxing.
John
AI models execute tasks autonomously for longer than a workday. According to meter, AI task duration doubles every seven months to two. Current frontier models reliably create complete tasks taking people about an hour. Extrapolating this Trend, by late 2026, AI agents will autonomously execute eight hour work streams. That will be crazy. You will be able to just say, hey, go spend a full day on this project. Come back to me and it will come back to you when it's done now it will come back to you before eight hours, right?
Jordy
Yeah.
John
So it's the equivalent work time.
Tyler
Yeah. I think there was this good blog post that came out I think a couple days after the break started. It was like critiquing the meteor evals. And the main thing was like if you actually look at what the eval is doing for the. I think it was for Opus. The headline was like it can do four and a half hours or four or something. And so the way you do that is like you give it to that take people on average four hours. But it's pretty hard to find tasks that do that. Right. So if you look at it, they only had like 14 actual tasks that gave that benchmark. So it's a very small sample size. So it's pretty hard to reliably see.
John
Is that actually true or at the same. Are you laughing at the chat?
Jordy
Bobby says, did you guys hear about OpenAI's quote pen? And Goldrock says, is it a vape pen? You can gamble on from.
John
What does that mean?
Jordy
That's the most 20, 26 pen.
John
I wouldn't be surprised. There are a lot of vape pens that have full on LED screens and microcontrollers so people will like run doom on them or run Tetris on them and vibe code on them and stuff. There's a lot of fun stuff there. Let me tell you about graphite code review for the age of AI. Graphite helps teams on GitHub ship higher quality software, faster cursor. This is wild. Well, if you want a vape pen, maybe you should try and pay with it with pre tax dollars using True Med. We have Justin Mayers. He's gonna tell us that you can't do that. I'm gonna tell him. I absolutely can.
Jordy
Just try to stop me and I will.
John
I will be buying a vape pen on this. Justin, welcome back to the show. Great to see you. Happy new year.
Jordy
John wants to vape Chinese peptides.
John
No. No. So I don't, I actually don't. But I do want to. I want you to tell me how I can use True Med to build the ultimate looks maxing stack. I want to pay for with my looks maxing stack.
Jordy
Yeah. What are you using? What are you, what are you.
John
What's your clearly been since you've been on the show. You've.
Jordy
Your cheeks are red. I can see you've been bone smacking.
Justin Mares
You're just talking about the fit, right?
John
Your mid face ratio is completely different than the last time we saw you. Something's clearly going on. Trumed. Clearly helping. Anyway, how are you doing? What's new?
Justin Mares
I'm doing phenomenally, doing so well and one of the things that I've been using from a health standpoint is obviously bone broth and all of the health.
Jordy
Benefits that come with one hand washes the other.
John
Wait, so you literally smashed the bones to make the bone broth? Correct. So you've been in bone smashing for a decade.
Jordy
His family actually made their money in bone smashing.
John
It is a bone smashing company. Might be the best pure play bone smashing company there is.
Justin Mares
We were decades ahead of clavicular.
John
I think you were.
Jordy
Yeah. We need a looks max index.
John
For sure. For sure.
Jordy
Exactly. Kettle and fire can be when you guys go public. We'll put it in there.
John
Yeah. Anyway, just reset the story for us. What's the news? You picked the worst possible day to announce it. But give it to us.
Jordy
Maybe the best you guys. There wasn't a lot of crying.
John
It was sort of a quiet Day. But yeah, take us through it.
Tyler
Very quiet.
John
Take it.
Justin Mares
Yeah, I mean, so, so we, we finally announced that we raised $34 million for True Med as part of the series A. So first hit of the.
Jordy
Hit it. I love, I love how it shakes. Shakes the whole camera.
John
It's a great gong.
Justin Mares
2026 is going to be a big.
Jordy
Year for you guys.
John
The first 2026 gong hit anyway, so $34 million. Wait, wait, wait. So, so when did the deal happen? What. What was the, the thesis around launching it? The announcement when you did?
Justin Mares
Yeah, so it happened like earlier last year in the first half of last year. But we basically had a bunch of different things happening at the company level. We wanted to tie it up with a bunch of different announcements. We grew three times, which was fully baked by the end, which is great. Yeah. And so kind of like packaged everything up and decided to announce and kind of mention that this thing that we're doing and this movement that we're building around incentivizing people to invest in prevention and invest in their health while they still have it is a big thing. And it's a thing that tech and other people are paying attention to and waking up to. When you announce it later in the.
John
Year and has the elevator pitch changed to consumers or the companies that you're working with, how are you positioning the actual value prop of True Med? Like getting people on board.
Justin Mares
Yeah, I mean, so to brands like Peloton, eight Sleep Lifetime, those are our partners. You know, it's quite easy for many of these brands. Yeah, like for many of these brands. Exactly. Eight Sleep. For many of these brands, like they're, they realize that they are selling a product that oftentimes is expensive. And so if someone can use pre tax funds and save 25 to 50%, you know, if you're like in the max tax bracket and live in California, you can save 50% buying. Getting an 8 sleeper, a Peloton at 50% off is like quite a material thing. And so we have merchant partners where we're doing 15, 20% of their total sales are going through. Truman. And for the individual, if you're someone with an HSA or FSA account, historically these accounts have been used under this idea of like wait until you get sick, get cancer, need surgeries, need like pharmaceuticals late in life and then you have a tax advantage account that can pay for everything once you're sick. And the IRS has been clear like, like the average American is sick today. We should be spending these dollars on things that studies show are effective at treating or preventing different diseases. And so that's what Truman enables.
John
And what's the status of hsa? It's usually like an option and you have to pick a specific healthcare plan to be eligible. Is that right? Are HSAs booming? Are people adopting them? What's the actual flow to get one and start?
Jordy
I maxed out my HSA this year because. Because of True Med.
John
Yes.
Jordy
On our TBPN plan.
John
Yes.
Justin Mares
Yeah, I mean, HSAs are growing quite a lot. They grew around 11% last year. I think over the last three years that's been about right, like 10 to 15% growth. Our thesis, though, is that, you know, you ask the average person, like you, Jordy, before Trumed came along, like, what is an hsa?
Jordy
Do you have one?
Justin Mares
Why should you care about it? The average person just has no idea. Like, they just do not care. It's considered almost like a boomer savings account account. And so one of our hypotheses is that these accounts historically have been high friction and you can't use them on anything that you actually want to prevent disease. Like, who cares about buying band aids tax free? And so our hypothesis is like, if you can buy something, pay for lifetime membership, pay for aid, sleep, pay for these different things, that assuming that you qualify, that many, many more people will actually sign up and fund these accounts. And like, I think that over the next decade there could be a trillion dollars in HSA and FSA accounts, even without any regulatory changes or anything like that.
Jordy
Is it possible to pull a PT and put startup equity in an hsa? Could I throw a few shares?
John
Do you have any availability? Like trade in the hsa? Is that a thing people can do?
Justin Mares
That's definitely a thing people can do.
John
It's not something that True Med necessarily.
Justin Mares
Supports yet, but it's a thing people can do. I mean, I don't know if, like, there's an HSA PT out there yet.
John
But.
Jordy
Do you think we can move? So True Med is a company that to me is shockingly political. Like, some people hear about what True Med does and they get angry. They're like, no, you should only be able to spend your HSA funds once you're deathly ill. You shouldn't be able to use an exercise. You shouldn't be able to use it to buy something that helps you exercise, that even though we know exercise extends your lifespan. So it's just like crazy that we're in a place that spending HSA funds is political and people are angry about it. Do you have Optimism around that changing over time. Is this just kind of the nature so much of health is just deeply political?
Justin Mares
Yeah. I mean, honestly, one of the biggest disappointments that, that I've had in the last couple years is seeing health become political. Like somehow you have a former Democratic candidate for president that is now part of the Trump administration who's talking about health, and it means it's a right wing issue. Somehow I think that there's always going to be people that look at this within the industry. I came as an outsider from the industry, started kettle and fire before this. And within the industry, it's still controversial somewhat whether bug spray should be HSA or FSA eligible. Like, the industry is just very, very behind and very stuck in the ways of, and under the assumptions that the average American is healthy. And HSA and FSA accounts are there and exist to help people pay for health care when they're sick. On the rare occasion that people are sick. That was true like 22 years ago when these accounts were started, when, you know, when Congress basically created these accounts. I just think those default assumptions are no longer true. Like, you look around and the average American today is sick. Like, you know, 70% of Americans are overweight or obese, 93% have at least a metabolic marker of dysfunction. Like, we are an incredibly sick country, among the sickest countries in the world. And in my view, HSAs and FSAs are one of the best tools that we have in our admittedly very broken health care system to try and direct funds towards prevention and towards root cause interventions that can actually make people healthier and treat and prevent many of the chronic conditions people struggle with.
Jordy
Is there a lot of volume happening on TRUMED that's going towards WeGovy and people paying out of pocket for weight loss treatment products, or is that separate?
Justin Mares
No. So as of right now, we don't support GLP1s. I would say that the healthcare industry as a whole, the payment rails, are relatively good at allowing people to pay for pharmaceuticals. Like, if you want to pay for pharmaceuticals, you can use an HSA today.
Jordy
But aren't a lot of people paying for GLP1s out of pocket? Or is it?
Justin Mares
Yeah, they can. But, but HSA for many people is considered out of pocket as well. And because it's like they, they can direct where they, where and how they spend these funds. They're their own funds, just they're tax free.
Tyler
Yeah.
Justin Mares
And so what, what we are basically doing is we are trying to make it legible and bring online a bunch of Effective lifestyle interventions, exercise, sleep, supplements, things like that, that the traditional healthcare system right now doesn't really know how to think about, and people don't really know how to pay for it.
John
So is there a big roadmap for you on new verticals that you want to bring online? Is there a process for actually getting something approved to work with trumed, did you start with eight sleeps and then you added peloton and it was a different process, or is there just one bucket and you can throw whatever you need into it and you just sign the companies as they come up?
Justin Mares
Yeah, so we basically. We have a medical advisory board and a medical team, and we basically look at when an intervention comes to us, when a brand or a merchant comes to us and they say, hey, we want to work with trumed. We basically look at a couple things, like, what do the studies say about how effective a certain intervention is based on that, what conditions will that intervention be effective for? You can't get exercise to treat a toe fungus or something like that. That would be a bad intervention. A doctor would never prescribe that. What we are basically looking for is something like exercise. What are the conditions that exercise as an intervention can treat, reverse, or alleviate? That's the IRS standard. And assuming that there's a good amount of data, research supports that intervention. And then we talk to our clinical team and we decide, can we support or not a specific intervention? And so we have a bunch of things. Exercise, sleep, supplements, and the life that we support today. A big thing that I want to unlock this year is food. If you look at the data, like, medically tailored meals have incredible efficacy, incredible roi, but they're very complicated to. You know, it's very complicated. And the irs, frankly, has like, a heart attack when they hear people are using HSA or FSA to spend on food. Because, like, everyone on raising canes.
Jordy
Yeah, Chicken fingers. Chicken finger dream. I have. My chicken finger dream is chicken fingers via my True Med account. No, no, you're. You're talking about like, actual, like, you know, properly portioned meals.
John
Yeah, there's been like, a whole history of companies that try to do sort of like, portion control, meal prep. There's been a number of different kits. Obviously, there's varying levels of efficacy, but in theory, that's a really great intervention. I mean, it just seems so obvious. Like, you go to any health and wellness influencer, and before they tell you about the six different types of magnesium or something, like, they're going to lay down the law, which is sleep, diet and Exercise, sleep, diet and exercise. And so it feels like those three should be on True Med first, before even the creatine gets on there or something and the supplements. But obviously food, it feels like it's a challenge. So you're working on that. So is that a goal for 20, 26?
Justin Mares
100%? I would say that is one of our big goals for this year, especially as tens of millions of Americans are going to be on GLP1s. Things like eating more nutritionally dense food, getting more protein. These things really, really matter. Or, or Even things like GLP1s to work over any long period of time.
John
Yeah, that's right. Place where people miss out if they're on GLP1s.
Jordy
How are you? How big is the team?
Justin Mares
We are 51 people now.
Jordy
51 people. And what's your kind of personal ethos as a CEO around building a company like this? As every single day we have more and more AI progress. Are you pushing the team to. Are you pushing everybody on the team to use the tools as effectively as they can? Where are you getting the most leverage, all that kind of stuff?
Justin Mares
Yeah, I mean, we're certainly pushing the engineering team to use things like clock code and whatnot all the time. I think that where we are getting the most leverage and where we have started to focus is leveraging a lot of these tools. Specifically on the prototyping side of things. We recently stood up a, a team within True Med that it's basically me and two other people where we're calling it the Venture Bets team. It's basically the team that just moves fast, tries things, prototypes stuff, and sees if it works or not. And the goal there is basically to unlock a new line of revenue over the next 12 to 18 months. And for that we are basically using almost entirely AI tooling to spin up landing pages, mini products, all these sorts of things that are not, not exactly built to scale. They're not built for six nines uptime or anything like this, but just with the pure goal of get as many shots on goal and as many iterations as possible. And so that's how personally we're starting to use it a lot.
John
I feel like. Do you identify with the label like fintech, is that a fair category or do you think of yourself as a different category?
Jordy
He'll say he's finance tech.
John
Finance tech?
Justin Mares
Yeah, I would say definitely we're a fintech company right now.
John
Yeah, that's fair. Right. The question I ask is because, do you like, do you have any like, are you at War with people that are trying to do fraud on the platform. I feel like that's like a permanent background noise if you're a fintech company. But I don't know if you operate at like an abstraction layer where that's kind of like, oh, it's not a headache for you, is it a headache?
Jordy
Or most pay like a company that does payments online typically is incentivized.
John
Yeah.
Jordy
It's set up in a way it's like business joins platform, moves money. You want more businesses joining the platform, moving money. I think that you guys are. I'm sure people have tried stuff but feel pretty insulated from that. Kind of like large.
John
Yeah, I mean it's not a payroll company. You can't just immediately do money laundering. But is there like a fraud fighting team or how have you addressed that? Is it even a problem?
Justin Mares
Yeah, so I mean, it has been a small problem, but it's been a thing that like, honestly, Stripe's tools are pretty darn good. We build on top of Stripe. They're quite good.
John
Sure.
Justin Mares
And so it hasn't been the thing where we're like throwing personnel at it or anything like that. But yeah, I mean, certainly the most possible boring explanation of True Med is like, we're a B2B SaaS company that does compliance for HSA and FSA. And like, like, given that we're definitely a fintech company.
John
New Year's resolutions, do you have any? Do you think they're effective for living a healthier life? What do you think of New Year's resolutions?
Justin Mares
I personally, I find them great. I actually just had my first kid though, so I'm sort of like resolutions out the window.
John
Sure, sure, sure. Figuring out the differences. Just keep on, keep it on 100%.
Jordy
But we were talking a few days ago and you said it's amazing and super underrated, which is wildly different than another person that we were talking about earlier the show that said similar name. Am I missing something?
John
Yeah, yeah. Similar name, similar name. What about like big trends in 2026? I feel like you have seen basically every health trend between two and six years early. What do you think we're to going. Going to be talking about this year?
Jordy
Well, let's get into. I think the thing that's been going the most talked about.
John
I mean, in my world that's the.
Jordy
Most tied to that. But peptides.
John
Oh, peptides, sure. Okay, let's start with peptides.
Jordy
LinkedIn. I did my first peptide cycle probably five years ago at this point. I'm now at the point where so many people are trying so many different things and there's. And I did this at a time, I did this at a time where I was like, there's really no, like large scale studies on this. But anecdotally I knew people that had done it, sure. And they'd done, they tried them for, you know, you do it as a cycle. Nobody even back then was saying, take this and never stop taking it. Right.
John
There were also some really big high profile, like the Hugh Jackman Wolverine. Like everyone saw that and we're like, oh, whatever that he did.
Jordy
Peptides or just anabolic.
John
I think that was BPC1. I don't know. Anyone know?
Justin Mares
I don't think so. I don't know.
Jordy
No, that's the Wolverine peptide.
John
Oh, okay. I just mixed them up. I don't know.
Jordy
It's Wolverine. It's a Wolverine peptide because it helps.
John
Oh, recovery.
Jordy
Recovery.
John
Okay. Anyway, maybe it was just gear, but.
Jordy
But, but my concern with peptides is like you basically I just look at them as like slightly toned down, like anabolic steroids that are more targeted in terms of what they do. And so when you have like millions of people that are just trying to buying that from random sites online, they can be contaminated. I have a lot of like a lot of red flags around that. I'm not kind of diving in any deeper.
John
Peptides, Faustian bargain or not, I think.
Justin Mares
That these are going to be incredible tools. I think that the FDA is probably going to release much needed guidance around them this year. Like, there's just too many Americans that are buying cheap for research purposes only peptides right now. You know, it's just gotten too big that the FDA has to do something. Like I personally know a bunch of people that swear by these things. The efficacy is there. And you know, they're certainly like they're endogenous, like your body makes them in many cases. I'm very bullish on them from an efficacy standpoint. I have tons of questions about quality. And I think for me the thing that you just have to wonder on all these things is like one thing that our current FDA does a very good job of with pharmaceuticals is figuring out are there any sort of side effects. So does pancreatitis risk go up 12% when you take this thing over a year period or whatever? And no one is looking at those sort of long tail effects of peptides, certainly not when you're looking at staying on these things, combining them with other peptides over some long period of time. So I would say that I'm bullish but cautious. Whereas I think most of the people in Peptides right now are sort of like ripping it.
Jordy
Purely bullshit.
Justin Mares
Yeah, exactly.
John
It does feel like we're in a new era of just experimentation and just like, I don't know, like a couple decades ago like a TRT or something was something that was like buried in a bodybuilding forum and you had had to know a guy and now it's like, here's the website that was perfectly coded and we'll just deliver it to your door. And it's, they go completely, completely different experience. It's way more like user experience focused and like just way less risk. I mean we've seen this with all sorts of substances and just activities where, you know, we've, we've productized them in the way America does best. It becomes a button.
Justin Mares
And I mean that's totally true. I also think to be fair, this is like the health stuff is the biggest problem in the country. In my mind, like the average American is sick. The average American has bad sleep, they have bad energy. Like the demand for something that can promise you feel better, your joints feel better, you're sleeping, you're losing weight is like off the charts, has never been higher. And so I think given that like there's just infinite demand for products that can make someone feel better, give them more energy, lose weight, sleep better, whatever, which is why I'm just, I think Peptides are going to be one of the biggest trends of the next five years. Certainly they're going to come with side effects and downsides. Yeah, but they're going to be here.
John
Yeah, yeah. Underrated story about American competition. The whole story of how Novo came up with all this stuff and then just got like kind of beat in the public markets by Americans just being like the American biotech industry, like really ripped it.
Jordy
Anyway, other trends novo happen in series.
John
I mean basically, I mean they had that problem with like the, they didn't file the IP rule or something.
Jordy
What, what's the, what's the state of Austin we've had? Oh yeah, Sachs is, is opening an office.
John
Lots of people are getting out of California, make the pitch for Austin.
Jordy
Yeah, give us a date on Austin.
Justin Mares
Yeah, look, Austin's great. I think that Austin will do well to the extent that California decides to self immolate. And it seems like right now California is like just pouring gas on the fire. So you know, we'll see if the wealth tax thing actually goes through or even gets a medium amount of popular support then. Yeah, like There is going to be a huge exodus from Silicon Valley, from LA to other places all over the country.
John
Is it Austin or bust? Is it Austin or bust, or are there tech people that are going to Dallas or Highland Park?
Jordy
What about the. I could see some allocators ended up in Highland Park.
John
I don't know. Highland Park's in Los Angeles.
Jordy
No, no. Highland park is a neighborhood in Dallas.
John
Oh, it is? Okay.
Justin Mares
I've only been to Dallas once. I don't think anyone's going to Dallas.
John
No one's going to Dallas. So if a tech person's leaving San Francisco, they're going to Austin.
Justin Mares
I think it's basically Austin. Maybe Boulder or Denver, maybe Miami. Although I think the Miami thing was kind of not a real thing.
Jordy
I personally. Personally, I'm more of an Abilene guy.
John
Abilene. Straight to the data center. Straight to the data center. I love it. I love it. Yeah. I'm an Alaska guy. I say, get up there. It's nice and cold. Yeah, yeah, yeah. You're locked in. But anyway, are there any other predictions for just health trends or foods or anything that's like, rising and falling? Are we. Have we finally reached Peak Slop Bowl? Are we going in a different direction?
Jordy
No. I'm going to go get a protein cup from Chipotle later.
John
Is that real? Are the restaurants really, like, downsizing in reaction to GOP1s, or is that just, like, you know, some random organic thing that's happening?
Justin Mares
You are seeing certain grocery chains, especially ones that sell a lot of junk food, are starting to downsize or see, like, junk food sales go down.
John
Okay.
Justin Mares
Mainly because people are less hungry, and most of junk food is predicated on, like, people eating them infinitely while snacking.
John
Sure. Yeah.
Justin Mares
And so I do think there's going to be a renewed focus on nutrient density, on protein, on things like this. I think you have to imagine a big trend that I'm bullish on is these GOP ones are going to be everywhere. You know, we have the oral version of Ozempic coming this year. There's going to be 50 million Americans on these things in the next five years. I think there is going to be a backlash where people start to see what are the downsides. They start to get caught up in, like, micronutrient deficiencies and other sorts of things that just come from, you know, if even if you're eating a bad diet, but you're eating less of it, you're still gonna have health problems, even if you may be less overweight or less obese than you were previously. And I think we'll start to underwrite that more over the next couple years.
John
Makes sense. Well, it'll be interesting to track.
Jordy
Well, this is your second time on the show.
John
Yeah.
Jordy
Let's make it a monthly thing.
John
Yeah.
Jordy
Next time you're in la, there's a lot to talk about and we love you.
John
This is fantastic. We'd love to have you. Love you guys.
Justin Mares
Thanks for the merch.
John
Happy to talk to you soon.
Jordy
Talk soon.
John
Goodbye. Let me tell you about 11 labs. Build intelligent, real time conversational agents. Reimagine human technology interaction with 11 labs.
Jordy
Or in our case, theme song. Theme song.
John
Our theme song is generated by 11 labs. Do you want to do some timeline? How long do you want to go? Because we could close with this post. This very optimistic post from Elon Musk replying to Marc Andreessen. Marc Andreessen says if time to grow. This is in response to 4.3% year over year GDP growth in Q3. Kind of crazy. Didn't see that coming, says Caleb Hammer. And Elon says double digit growth is coming within 12 to 18 months. If applied intelligence is in proxy for economic growth, which it should be. Triple digit is possible in five years. Let's pray for triple digit GDP growth. It would truly be a golden era. A lot of bottlenecks to that, but let's hope it happens.
Jordy
I like the sound of that, John. That's a good place to end.
John
I think that's a great place to end. We'll cover Lulu's post tomorrow. Lulu's actually coming on the show this week and also. Yeah, tomorrow. So Gabe, you got exactly what you're looking for. And also we'll have to discuss the prediction about OpenAI buying Pinterest. That's an interesting one to kick around. It was very funny because it was a. It was just a prediction post for the information, but people were reporting on it like it's a rumor. Like it's a. It's like, like a fact or something. But there's a lot to dig into there. But anyway, thank you so much.
Jordy
It is so good to be back. So good with all of you. Thank you for tuning in. We seriously missed doing this. As a couple of Irishmen, we yearned for labor. We learned to be on the mics tilling the RSS feed. And thank you, thank you for being a part of this. We're so excited for this year. It's going to be a lot of fun and we hope you have a great Monday.
John
Cheers. Goodbye.
Host(s): John Coogan & Jordi Hays
Episode: Dan Wang's Annual Letter, Meta Acquires Manus, Nvidia's $20B Groq Deal | Justin Mares
This episode marks the return of TBPN after the holidays with analyses on several of tech’s biggest stories: Dan Wang’s influential 2025 letter on geopolitics and AI, Meta’s acquisition of Manus, and Nvidia’s blockbuster $20B deal to acquire Groq. The hosts are joined by Justin Mares (TrueMed), blending deep dives on technology, the global AI race, American energy, hardware and software evolutions, as well as some sociocultural debates about parenting, productivity, and health. The episode is vibrant, irreverent, and packed with industry insight.
On AGI Benchmarks:
“My new definition of AGI is it needs to be able to smell. If it can’t smell, it can’t do all white collar work.” – John (05:39)
On Tech Humor & Sam Altman:
“I think the best Sam joke ever was him coming on our show… the joke was that he would never buy a car for $250,000 because he wants a multi-million dollar car.” – John (35:41)
On Hardware as a Moat:
“Hardware becomes a more popular moat amid a surge of hardware startups… Graphs, portable memory and real-time data are the new proprietary data moats.” – Scott Belsky, via John (135:20)
On Economic Redistribution & Wealth Tax:
“The reason they're calling it a billionaire tax is to make it easier for people to vote for it… just so everyone understands what the real goal of this is—not to tax billionaires, because there are other ways to tax billionaires… The real goal of this is to create for the first time in American history a private property asset seizure tax.” – Friedberg, quoted by Jordy (113:27)
On Explosive AI Progress:
“If applied intelligence is in proxy for economic growth, which it should be. Triple digit (GDP growth) is possible in five years.” – Elon Musk (175:44)
Irreverent, energetic, and laced with in-group references typical to high-level tech and VC discourse. The banter is fast, with pop culture, meme humor, and first-person industry gossip interwoven with hard data and macro analysis.
This episode is essential for listeners wanting to understand: