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This episode is brought to you by Progressive Insurance. Fiscally responsible financial geniuses, Monetary magicians. These are things people say about drivers who switch their car insurance to Progressive and save hundreds. Visit progressive.com to see if you could save Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates. Potential savings will vary. Not available in all states or situations.
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This episode is brought to you by GrowTherapy. You know that one task you've been putting off since forever? If that task is Start therapy, grow. Therapy makes it way easier to check off covered by insurance and care can start in just as little as two days. Whether it's your first time in therapy or your 50th. Grow makes it easier to find a therapist who fits you, not the other way around. They connect you with thousands of independent licensed therapists across the US offering both virtual and in person sessions, nights and weekends. You can search by what matters like insurance, specialty, identity or availability and get started in as little as two days. There are no subscriptions, no long term commitments. You just pay per session. Whatever challenges you're facing, GrowTherapee is here to help. Sessions average about $21 with insurance and some pay as little as $0 depending on their plan. Visit growththerapy.comted today to get started. That's growtherapy.com growtherapy.com TED availability and coverage vary by state and insurance plan. This episode is brought to you by Bombas. As we move into 2026, I'm thinking about comfort differently. Not just physical comfort, but the kind that helps you show up fully, whether that's for a morning run, a long day of meetings, or simply being present at home. Bombas makes that possible with their sport specific socks engineered for everything from running to hiking. They've also created incredibly comfortable footwear like their cloud, like Sunday slippers and the lightweight Friday sandal plus base layers that actually feel good all day long. What makes this even better? For every item purchased, BOMBAS donates an essential clothing item to someone facing housing insecurity. Over 150 million donations and counting. Head over to bombas.com TTD and use code TTD for 20% off your first purchase. That's B O-M-B-A-S.com TTD code TTD at checkout, You're listening to TED Talks Daily where we bring you new ideas and conversations to spark your curiosity every day. I'm your host, Elise Hu. What does the mind's eye mean to you? For many of us, when you close your eyes, you might see things or paint pictures you can visualize. But for Some that inner picture is completely different. In this fascinating talk, puzzle wizard Alex Rosenthal, who's also the editorial director of TED ed, shares how our ability to conjure mental imagery actually varies wildly person to person, and that when we build teams across those differences, the benefits for creativity and problem solving will follow.
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So in 2015, a bride to be uploaded a picture of a dress to the Internet, and we all lost our minds. If you see this as blue and black, say team Blue. Team blue. If you see this as white and gold, how. How do you see that as white? And why does this break our brains so much? It's because it puts us into confrontation with the fact that two minds can perceive the same reality entirely differently. I'd like to talk to you about two One, our minds are much more different than we think. And two, you should seek out minds that are different than your own, because that's where the magic happens. I get to work with a lot of diverse minds by virtue of what I do. I write and produce scripts for animation on a wide variety of topics, and I create puzzles and games. And a few years ago, I had my own dress moment where I realized that my brain works differently than almost everyone I know. And I'd like to show you how. So if you'll indulge me for a second, please visualize the following. You can do it with your eyes open or closed, whichever gives you the most vivid mental imagery. A rocket ship crash lands on an alien planet. A creature comes up to the hatch and knocks, and someone opens it from within. So now I'm going to ask you some questions about what you just saw. What color was the planet, what kind of creature was it, and who opened the hatch? I'll show you what I see. Nothing. That's because I have a condition called aphantasia, which is where I don't have access to my mind's eye. It turns out that the mind's eye is a spectrum. On one end are about 2 to 4% of us with aphantasia, and at the other extreme is hyperphantasia. That's where you can visualize in exquisite detail, sometimes even able to superimpose what you're imagining on reality. That's about 3 to 6% of people. Everyone else is somewhere in between. But there's a huge range of experience here. Everyone I do this with not only describes something different, but describes the experience of experiencing it differently. So I went through most of my life assuming that most people were or everyone was like me. That visualization exercise like this is A figure of speech that no one could actually do. So imagine my surprise and fascination and apprehension of when I learned about Aphantasia. The last, because it raised some scary questions, like have I been working in entirely the wrong careers my entire life? So Aphantasia changes the way that those of us who have it perceive information and consume and process information. So, for example, most people I speak to who have a mind's eye describe the experience of reading a novel as seeing scenes play out in their mind and casting characters. I can't do either of those things. It's a much more conceptual experience for me. And when something is out of sight, it's very much out of mind. I have a five year old daughter. I can't in this moment, imagine her face. That has a big effect on my memory. And it's also not just my mind's eye, it's also my mind's ear. Though I think I have a little bit of a mind's ear, but I don't have a mind's nose or a mind's mouth. I can't, for example, imagine the taste of peanut butter. And what's it like to think in the absence of a mind's eye? That's a really tough question. That's not that far off from asking what's it like to be a dolphin or a spider. And in the absence of being able to inhabit each other's consciousnesses, we can communicate about them. So for me, I'm generally much more aware of something's skeleton than its skin. I'm very attuned to structure. When I'm creating a game or a puzzle, I'm first dreaming up the mechanics and figuring out how they relate to each other, how they map to a story structure. And the details come later, often in collaboration with other artists. I realize there's a leap of faith here in this idea that our minds can be so alien to each other. And I struggle with that too. I can't understand what it's like to visualize any more than I can see the dress as white and gold. But what's become increasingly apparent is that the mind's eye is just one of many constellations. Or we're starting to draw in a night sky full of neurological diversity. That includes having or not having an interior monologue. It includes the autism spectrum, adhd, dyslexia, and a lot more. Probably a lot of things we have yet to even give a name to, because we're just figuring all this out. The norm is to pathologize these experiences into a list of conditions that depart from a so called normal functioning of the mind. I think we're thinking about this completely wrong. There is no true normal out there, and difference is not deviance. Rather, these are all clues towards a vast and profound star field we're each individually blinded to because we only have our one cozy, inescapable mind as a single reference point. It's no secret that different people think differently. Many people on the autism spectrum excel at pattern recognition and logical deduction. Multiple studies have shown students with ADHD outperforming on average their peers at creative problem solving and divergent thinking tasks. And there are very similar findings for dyslexia, especially when it comes to advanced spatial reasoning. So if difference is in fact the norm, what do we do with that? I say seek out minds that are different than your own and make something incredible together. There's a wealth of research that shows that teams of people from diverse backgrounds produce superior outcomes. I'd like to propose a corollary to this. Diverse minds working together can produce wonders. This comes with challenges and opportunities. So in the last decade or so, companies such as SAP, Hewlett Packard and JP Morgan have started programs designed to recruit neurodivergent talent. And in the time since, they've reported corresponding gains in productivity, morale, innovation and quality. I see this in my own work as well. Again, by the serendipity of working in visual fields without being able to visualize. I wind up working with a lot of minds who are very different than mine. And that results in some weird and wonderful work, such as a film noir animation about fractals that I co authored that was brought to life by a brilliant hyper fantasic animator named Jeremiah Dicke. Or. Or. This is one of my pride and joys. It's a game that's a hybrid jigsaw puzzle and escape room in a box. And the way it works? Yeah, the way it works is you first assemble a jigsaw, but you're missing big sections, so you have to unlock them by solving puzzles that are embedded in the illustration and artifacts that you unlock along the way. This was made in collaboration with two incredible artists, Rita Orlov and Senna Tripp. And our minds can be found in very different corners of the galaxy of neurological diversity. So am I working in the wrong fields? No, I don't think so. I think I'm exactly where I should be. In fact, some of the greatest joy and fulfillment in my life has been from coming to terms with the initially jarring realization that my mind works differently than the people around me. And recognizing that for what it is, dazzling. Thank you.
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That was Alex Rosenthal speaking at TED Next 2025. If you're curious about TED's curation, find out more@ted.com curationguidelines and that's it for today. TED Talks Daily is part of the TED Audio Collective. This talk was fact checked by the TED Research team and produced and edited by our team, Martha Est Stefanos, Oliver Friedman, Brian Greene, Lucy Little and Tonsika Songmar Nivong. This episode was mixed by Lucy Little. Additional support from Emma Tobner and Daniela Ballaraizo. I'm Elise Hu. I'll be back tomorrow with a fresh idea for your feet. Thanks for listening.
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This episode is brought to you by Progressive Insurance. Fiscally responsible financial geniuses, Monetary magicians. These are things people say about drivers who switch their car insurance to Progressive and save hundreds. Visit progressive.com to see if you could save Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates. Potential savings will vary. Not available in all states or situations.