Why do some bodies respond differently to disease? | Erika Moore

Summary

Podcast Summary: "Why do some bodies respond differently to disease?" | Erika Moore
TED Talks Daily
Release Date: February 3, 2025

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Introduction

In this enlightening episode of TED Talks Daily, host Elise Hu introduces Dr. Erica Moore, an equity bioengineer and 2024 TED Fellow. Dr. Moore delves into her pioneering research that investigates why diseases affect various populations differently, aiming to bridge the gap in health equity globally. The episode also features an in-depth conversation between Dr. Moore and Lily James Olds, the TED Fellows Program Director.

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Dr. Erica Moore's Personal Journey and Motivation (00:38 - 03:06)

Dr. Moore begins by sharing her personal experiences with differing bodily responses to injuries and medications within her family. She recounts:

"When I was younger, I just did not heal the same way. I would see these scabs and like, I'd pick at them, they'd take forever to close. And my brother's skin would just close right up."
— Dr. Erica Moore [00:31]

This disparity in healing sparked her curiosity about the underlying biological reasons, leading her to pursue a career focused on health equity.

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Understanding Macrophages and the Immune System (03:06 - 06:28)

Dr. Moore introduces macrophages, the immune cells that act as the body's "watchdogs." She personifies them to make the concept relatable:

"Imagine, like a squishy ball that's sometimes angry, sometimes happy. They're super cute."
— Dr. Erica Moore [04:15]

Her research focuses on how macrophages behave differently based on the environment and the individual's background, particularly in diseases that disproportionately affect certain populations.

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Health Disparities in Lupus Research (06:28 - 12:37)

Dr. Moore highlights the significant health disparities in lupus, a disease predominantly affecting women of color:

"90% of lupus patients are women, and of that, about 70% are women of color. So we really have to consider that, right?"
— Dr. Erica Moore [05:10]

She explains her lab's approach using tissue models to study how macrophages from African American women interact differently with blood vessels compared to those from European women. This research aims to uncover why inflammation and autoimmune responses vary among different populations.

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Innovative Initiatives: AI and Integrating Lived Experiences (07:31 - 11:15)

In her conversation with Lily James Olds, Dr. Moore discusses two groundbreaking initiatives:

1. AI Model for Cellular Background Analysis:

   "We developed an AI model that's going to help us understand what cells of different backgrounds have been used applied to any field at all."
   — Dr. Erica Moore [07:40]

   This tool scans decades of research to identify gaps in cellular studies related to diverse backgrounds, promoting inclusive research practices.

2. Incorporating Lived Experiences:

   "We're partnering with anthropologists and geneticists to help us integrate measures of lived experience, like, for example, if you experienced high stress or a stress event as a child, how that changes your immune cell function throughout the rest of your adult life."
   — Dr. Erica Moore [08:30]

   By surveying participants on their life experiences, the lab aims to correlate these factors with cellular responses, adding depth to their understanding of disease mechanisms.

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Impact on Clinical Practice and Health Equity (12:37 - 15:57)

Dr. Moore emphasizes the real-world implications of her research:

"My goal with all of the work that we do is to try to educate people. So that way we have better resources to treat every single person."
— Dr. Erica Moore [14:58]

She advocates for a more nuanced approach in clinical settings, urging healthcare providers to consider factors beyond race and gender, such as stress and discrimination, to tailor treatments effectively.

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Resources and Community Engagement (16:08 - 16:46)

For listeners interested in delving deeper into her work, Dr. Moore recommends:

• Social Media Platforms: Active presence on LinkedIn and Instagram to share research findings and lab activities.
• Science Communication Efforts: Engaging content like short videos to make complex research accessible to a broader audience.

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Conclusion

Dr. Erica Moore's research offers a transformative perspective on health equity, emphasizing the importance of understanding individual and population-specific responses to diseases. Her innovative use of AI and incorporation of lived experiences into biomedical research pave the way for more personalized and equitable healthcare solutions.

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Notable Quotes with Timestamps

• Personal Motivation:
  "When I was younger, I just did not heal the same way."
  — Dr. Erica Moore [00:31]

• Macrophages Personified:
  "Imagine, like a squishy ball that's sometimes angry, sometimes happy. They're super cute."
  — Dr. Erica Moore [04:15]

• Health Disparities in Lupus:
  "90% of lupus patients are women, and of that, about 70% are women of color."
  — Dr. Erica Moore [05:10]

• AI in Research:
  "We developed an AI model that's going to help us understand what cells of different backgrounds have been used applied to any field at all."
  — Dr. Erica Moore [07:40]

• Integrating Lived Experiences:
  "If you experienced high stress or a stress event as a child, how that changes your immune cell function throughout the rest of your adult life."
  — Dr. Erica Moore [08:30]

• Goal for Health Equity:
  "My goal with all of the work that we do is to try to educate people. So that way we have better resources to treat every single person."
  — Dr. Erica Moore [14:58]

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Final Thoughts

Dr. Erica Moore's work underscores the critical need for inclusive research and personalized medicine. By understanding the diverse factors that influence disease responses, her efforts contribute significantly to building a more equitable healthcare system.

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Additional Information:

• Learn More About TED Fellows: Visit fellows.ted.com.
• Follow Dr. Erica Moore: Accessible on LinkedIn and Instagram for updates on her research and lab activities.

Transcript

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[Elise Hu]

You're listening to TED Talks Daily, where we bring you new ideas to spark your curiosity every day. I'm your host, Elise Hu. Today's talk is from Our Batch of 2024 Ted Fellows Films adapted for podcasts just for our TED Talks Daily listeners. Ted's fellowship supports a network of global innovators, and we're so excited to share their work with you today. We'd like you to meet equity bioengineer Erica Moore. One thing's for certain. Our bodies are all a little bit different from one another, and we respond to bruises, paper cuts, and major illness in different ways. Erica unpacks her investigation into why diseases affect various populations differently and how this kind of research can ensure better health equity around the world. After we hear from Erika, Stick around for her conversation with TED Fellows program director Lily James Olds.

[Dr. Erica Moore]

When I was younger, I just did not heal the same way. I would see these scabs and like, I'd pick at them, they'd take forever to close. And my brother's skin would just close right up. And then, you know, my sisters could have cramps, and they would just take ibuprofen, and it would be like, nothing. And I would take ibuprofen, I would take a lot of ibuprofen, and I would get no response from my whole body. And so I just was like, why? Please help me. At first, I felt like I got the short end of the biological stick, right?

Why does my body not work the same way?

There was a lot of frustration because no one knows how they respond to something until they try it. But it was just. I was different from them, that's all. I'm Dr. Erica Moore and I'm an equity bioengineer. So every single time you get a paper cut or even a bruise, your immune system is there. Macrophage immune cells are present. They're like the watchdog of the body. They think of them as like squishy balls. And they just kind of are always surveilling around the body. Sometimes they're eating, but other times they're just saying, hey, man, don't be mad. This is quite cool. We can heal now, right? Just imagine, like a squishy ball that's sometimes angry, sometimes happy. They're super cute. I love them. I really study what function or state they adopt based on what environment they're in and based on whose body they come from. There are a lot of other material scientists, bioengineers, who've asked and developed really cool applications, but oftentimes we don't really consider who is studied. My work really focuses on the WHO of the disease. So I really want to study the diseases that. Particularly our health disparities, right? That only certain swaths of the population are affected by. Because I think that by shining a light on those diseases, we can ensure better health equity for everyone in the world. I think I'm the first person or lab to really spearhead or cheerlead some of these endeavors because there are lived experiences that a lot of other people in academia and in traditional PhD training don't really have to consider, Right. So there aren't that many women of color who are assistant professors who run research programs and do these other things. I knew so many women growing up who died from lupus. It was very common. When I went to try to study lupus, there were a lot of people who were like, oh, yeah, we're agnostic. Like, we don't care about the background of the patients. But I was like, we know that, like, 90% of lupus patients are women, and of that, about 70% are women of color. So we really have to consider that, right? It should be a variable. Some women develop lupus, they don't ever have flares. They're fine. Other women develop lupus and have flares back to back to back and pretty much develop major cardiovascular disease very early on. And so we want to take their patient cells and look at their interactions with blood vessels and see how they confer or propagate different inflammation in the. And we do that all in this little Jello construct. So it's almost like a mini tissue outside of the body, and we put the cells in it, and then we can study how they would respond in a tissue like environment. What we found was really cool. The patient's background really directly affected the blood vessels in the system. We saw increased number of blood vessel interactions between macrophages that were isolated from African American women compared to those macrophages that were isolated from European women. These tissue models helps us answer some really important questions. What if we could pinpoint why inflammation happens in certain bodies more violently than others? What if we could cure autoimmune illnesses by accounting for disease differences? Based on your background, what if we could prevent excessive fibrosis by tailoring our macrophages to respond differently to injury? I think my lived experiences made me more likely to ask these questions.

[Sports Commentator]

And.

[Dr. Erica Moore]

And then I was just willing to try, you know, and I'm still willing to try. I think by continuing to try, we innovate on what's the norm and set new standards for the future. If we pay a little bit more attention to the details, I think we can easily build a more equitable healthcare system for everyone. That's my goal.

[Elise Hu]

And now a special conversation between TED Fellow Erica Moore and TED Fellows Program Director Lily James Olds.

[Lily James Olds]

Hi, Erika. Welcome.

[Dr. Erica Moore]

Hi, Lily. I'm so excited to be here.

[Lily James Olds]

Me too. I just have to start by saying that I never thought I'd hear macrophages described as cute, but there you are, TED Fellows, always full of innovation. Can you tell us a bit more what new equitable initiatives and efforts and technologies your lab has underway right now? There's so much that you all are working on. I'd love to hear a little bit more of the details.

[Dr. Erica Moore]

So, you know, the electrifying nature of being a part of TED means you're always kind of assessing what's on the forefront and trying to push what we consider. And so one thing we're working on is with a collaborator, we developed an AI model that's going to help us understand what cells of different backgrounds have been used applied to any field at all. Right. So my work focuses on lupus, and we're getting into uterine fibroids. But now with this model we're develop, we're hopefully going to be able to scan all of the literature that exists years, decades of publications. Right. And understand what cells have been considered in which context of disease and response and have that kind of at the click of a mouse button. Right. And so with the development of this AI model, we're really hopeful we can try to provide visual data that helps us underline and understand what's been considered so far and where these gaps are missing. Right. And that helps us understand and integrate health equity into the bench science that we do. I'll also share. One of the other things we're really excited about is partnering with anthropologists and geneticists to help us integrate measures of lived experience, like, for example, if you experienced high stress or a stress event as a child, how that changes your immune cell function throughout the rest of your adult life. And so those are two of the kind of new adventures we're on as a lab and hopefully making waves and changing the innovation of how we conduct bench science.

[Lily James Olds]

That's amazing. I'm wondering if there are any discoveries from your work that you find really particularly illuminating when it comes to understanding healthcare from a more inclusive perspective, and any maybe specific examples that really underscore how different people's bodies and healthcare needs are.

[Dr. Erica Moore]

I'll give you an example within the context of lupus. And we actually got this feedback from a grant reviewer, which, you know, was somewhat negative at first, but it really helped us spawn these additional questions. And so lupus is a major health disparity. 90% of the people who have lupus are women, and most of those people are people of color. Women of color. And, you know, initially we were like, oh, well, let's just focus on their backgrounds. But we realized that actually their lived experiences, such as experience of discrimination or medical distrust or financial strain, those were actually really important metrics for helping us understand disease risk and disease profile in terms of immune responses to different medications that we tested out in our lab. And so I think one really cool aspect of this work, and we're in the early stages of development, but we're trying to understand how we can even survey the people who participate in our research and better understand how we can consider their experiences in navigating and understanding their cellular responses. In the lab. We go into the Clinic, we get their blood samples and we also have them fill out a survey that tells us their experiences of discrimination, financial strain, secondary discrimination through family members, et cetera. And then we're able to integrate that as a measure and then use that to basically group individuals in a little bit more nuanced way beyond just that of race and ethnicity.

[Lily James Olds]

That's amazing. And I know you said that it's early, you know, in development of this work and the application. Can you just tell us a little bit more about that kind of timeline and that process and what could this mean for those of us listening?

[Dr. Erica Moore]

Yeah, this is a great question and one I try to communicate really well because people are always so excited. You know, at the clinical level, we want to be treated with drugs or different medications that are going to better help us respond to certain maladies that our bodies experience. And the way we get to the clinical level, that high impact level actually begins at the bench, right? We need to test these drugs and medications before they can get approved into patients. And so where my lab focuses is at the bench, we design different tissue models to understand and profile these differences so that by the time they get to human beings, they're more informative. And so in the pipeline, we are kind of the ones that are talking with our collaborators and different medical institutions or industry partners and trying to understand, well, what are the questions that are most important for treatment with this group, and how can we better model that as we develop different drugs and consider their responses? And so that's kind of where we fit in. But it's really helpful because also anyone can get involved at this stage of research. So we scale all of these partnerships building up to the clinic, but helping us understand these interventions interfaces at the bench side with your cells and with different medications that are in consideration for treatments.

[Lily James Olds]

It's truly just so mind blowing. How do you think with this experience that you have, we can start to build a more equitable healthcare system?

[Dr. Erica Moore]

Everyone's like, well, what does that have to do with me in the clinic, right? Like, when I go see my doctor, how does my work change how I might talk to my doctor? And one thing I always say is when we talk to clinicians right now, they're still bifurcating, you know, just by race. So I'll come into the clinic as a young black woman, and I tell my doctor, I'm like, hey, I'm having painful menstrual bleeds. And they're like, yeah, that's normal. And I'm like, I'm like, you know, so I would love for them to ask more questions to understand, well, what kind of stress do I experience on a day to day basis? Have I experienced discrimination? Did I have any trauma as a child? And so I think one way that I try to communicate across the platform is partnering with different organizations who are involved in patient advocacy. Because we can't change the whole clinical enterprise in one sweep. But by asking more questions, by using the research that my lab shares, that other lab shares, we can hopefully ask questions that are beyond the norm of just age, sex and race. We can start considering some of these other factors that actually play really dominant roles in our understanding of disease development and disease treatment. One really cool example I'll give you is with uterine fibroids. And one thing that's not done in the clinic is routine testing for vitamin D. And so we think like we are doing some experiments now where we're just looking at, well, how does vitamin D affect fibroids in our tissue models? But if people don't know what their vitamin D level is, then they don't know that they should be taking a multivitamin. Right. But that has vitamin D in it. And so this is a way that we connect even our bench side studies all the way to clinic and then hopefully to patient advocacy where patients can say, hey, actually I'm having heavy menstrual bleeding. Can you check my vitamin D level? Right. And that's a really simple ask, but it's one way to build more equity in the healthcare system that connects all the way from the bench to clinical practice.

[Lily James Olds]

And I mean, you've been talking all around this, Erika, but I guess just to bring it out explicitly, can you say why you think this is so important? Why does that matter?

[Dr. Erica Moore]

Yeah, it's such a good question too, because there are people who are unfortunately dying right now or they're getting much more sick because they don't receive proper care. And that's a tragedy in the United States and all over the world. And so my goal with all of the work that we do is to try to educate people. So that way we have better resources to treat every single person. We can't assume people are monoliths. And I think that's sometimes what happens, right? You just get classified by your age by your sex and, or by your race and ethnicity. And we're really seeing that that's a really limited perspective of how we consider the medical enterprise. And so with the goal of all the work that we do is to try to help us better treat individually our personalized experiences with different diseases and maladies and to consider our specific interventions that are needed for certain populations.

[Lily James Olds]

And then I guess my last question is just if someone is listening to this and they're fascinated with the work and they want to do a deeper dive, what are some resources that you might recommend to them to look into?

[Dr. Erica Moore]

My lab is really dedicated to science communication and so we have a LinkedIn page, we have an Instagram. I try to share as much information as possible because I know not everyone's going to have access to read a peer reviewed paper or article. And so we try to make our research and findings accessible. So find us on LinkedIn, Instagram, social media platforms. We're always sharing different endeavors and findings and we actually also I make all of my students do this, but we do shorts that are just for any audience to understand what research we're doing and why it's impactful for them.

[Lily James Olds]

So cool. Thank you so much, Erica.

[Dr. Erica Moore]

Of course. Thank you.

[Elise Hu]

That was Erica Moore, a 2024 TED Fellow. To learn more about the TED Fellows program and watch all the TED Fellows films, go to fellows.ted.com and that's it for today. TED Talks Daily is part of the TED Audio Collective. This episode was produced and edited by our team, Martha Estefanos, Oliver Friedman, Brian Greene, Autumn Thompson and Alejandra Salazar. It was mixed by Christopher Faizy Bogan. Additional support from Emma Tobner and Daniela Balarazo. I'm Elise Hu. I'll be back tomorrow with a fresh idea for your feet. Thanks for listening.

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[Dr. Erica Moore]

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