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Hi, my name is Fr. Mike Schmitz and you're listening to the Catechism in a Year podcast where we encounter God's plan of sheer goodness for us revealed in Scripture and passed down through the tradition of the Catholic faith. The Catechism in a Year is brought to you by ascension. In 365 days, we'll read through the Catechism of the Catholic Church, discovering our identity in God's family as we journey together toward our heavenly home. It is day three 34. We're reading paragraphs 243 through 248. You guys, it's all about the Holy Spirit, the Father and the Son. A few reminders before we get started. I am using the Ascension edition of the Catechism, which I really like a lot. It includes the Foundations of the Faith approach, but you can follow along with any recent version of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. You can also follow along with our reading plan by downloading the Catechism in the reading plan@ascensionpress.com ciy and what you get to do is what I do every day, which is check off another day, which is great little Anton Chekhov. The date today be 34 also. And lastly, you can click Follow or subscribe in your podcast app for daily updates and daily notifications. As I said, it's day 34. Reading paragraphs 243 through 248. Remember yesterday we talked about how the Father is revealed by the Son and the Son is revealed by the Father. It is remarkable. We talked about not only that, the day before this, I believe we talked about the theologia and the oikonomia. Remember? Remember that? Remember that? I remember that. It was really great. Theologia and economia. What was that? Theology is who God is in and of himself. Oikonomia is how God reveals Himself and imparts his very life to us. They're both super important and very, very vital. Further, we talked about these yesterday that God reveals Himself uniquely as Father. In Christianity, fatherhood is not something he begins to do when he creates. He is eternally Father to the Son. And the most clear but still mysterious analogous relationship we can possibly imagine is between the Father and the Son. Again, these words that we use in English because we have things like fathers, we have things like sons, we have parents, we have children. And yet at the same time with God the Father and God the Son, it's entirely unique. As we talked about today, we're going to take that next step and talk about how the Father and the Son are revealed by the Holy Spirit. And so this is going to be really important. Here's what we want to highlight is the fact that we talked about Father, we talked about Son, now we're going to talk about the Holy Spirit. We recognize that member of the Council of Nicaea in 3:25 talked about how established very, very clearly Jesus is of one substance with the Father. Again clarified in Constantinople in 381. But also in Constantinople in 381, the church clarified who the Holy Spirit is. And this is going to be really important because this is one of the questions that has divided some areas in the Church for about a thousand years or so. Does the Holy Spirit proceed from the Father alone, or does the Holy Spirit proceed from the father? In about 1054, there was what they call the Great Schism, where the one Church broke into two halves, right? You have the Western Church, which we call the Roman Catholic Church, right? And we have the Eastern Church. That'd be the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine and all those different members of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Now, at the same time, we recognize that the Eastern Church, the Orthodox Church, they've kept the sacraments, right? They were faithful to the sacraments. But there was this division in structure and there was this division in points of theology. One of the points of theology is over this article, this article that is filioque. So does the Holy Spirit proceed from the Father alone, or does the Holy Spirit proceed from the Father and the Son? We're going to hear about this and how the catechism kind of explains a little bit about this. One of the things we're going to talk about after we read the catechism as well is like, what do we make of this right now, and where can we go forward when it comes to the Holy Spirit who proceeds from the Father and the Son? Today, again, we're going to talk about how the Holy Spirit is true God, just as the Father is true God, and just as the Son is true God. And so keep that in mind. We're just going to recognize and, gosh, ask the Holy Spirit to guide us as we read these next paragraphs. So let's pray. Father in heaven, you have sent the Holy Spirit through your Son, Jesus Christ into this world. And we ask that you please, once again, in the name of Jesus Christ, send your Holy Spirit so that we can understand what it is you wish to reveal to us. We ask you to send your Holy Spirit so that whatever division we experience, not only in our own hearts, but also in the Church. In our relationships, in our families, that the Spirit of Unity. The Spirit of unity will come into those places of brokenness, those places of division, and bring wholeness again, bring reconciliation. We pray in a special way for the reunification of the Church east and West. We pray that once again the Church may fully breathe with both lungs east and west, maybe even in our lifetimes. Lord God, we ask you this in the name of your Son, Jesus Christ our Lord, by the power of the Holy Spirit. Amen. In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. As I said, it's day 34. We're reading paragraphs 243 to 248. The father and the Son revealed by the Spirit before his Passover, Jesus announced the sending of another paraclete or advocate, the Holy Spirit at work since creation. Having previously spoken through the prophets, the Spirit will now be with and in the disciples to teach them and to guide them into all the truth. The Holy Spirit is thus revealed as another Divine Person with Jesus and the Father. The eternal origin of the Holy Spirit is revealed in his mission. In time, the Spirit is sent to the apostles and to the Church, both by the Father and in the name of the Son, and by the Son in person, once he had returned to the Father. The sending of the Person of the Spirit after Jesus glorification reveals in its fullness the mystery of the Holy Trinity. The apostolic faith concerning the Spirit was confessed by the Second Ecumenical Council at Constantinople in the year 381, which states, I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the Giver of life, who proceeds from the Father. By this confession, the Church recognizes the Father as the source and origin of the whole divinity. But eternal origin of the Spirit is not unconnected with the Son's origin, as the 11th Council of Toledo said. The Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, is God, one and equal with the Father and the Son, of the same substance, and also of the same nature. Yet he is not called the Spirit of the Father alone, but the Spirit of both the Father and the Son. The Creed of the Church from the Council of Constantinople confesses, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified. The Latin tradition of the Creed confesses that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. The Council of Florence in 1438. The Holy Spirit is eternally from Father and Son. He has his nature and subsistence at once from the Father and the Son he proceeds eternally from both as from one principle and through one spiration. And since the Father has Through generation, given to the only begotten Son everything that belongs to the Father, except being Father, the Son has also eternally from the Father, from whom he is eternally born, that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Son. The affirmation of the Filioque does not appear in the Creed confessed in 381 at Constantinople. But Pope Leo I, following an ancient Latin and Alexandrian tradition, had already confessed it dogmatically in the year447, even before Rome, in 451 at the Council of Chalcedon, came to recognize and receive the symbol of 381. The use of this formula in the Creed was gradually admitted into the Latin liturgy between the 8th and 11th centuries. The introduction of the filioque into the Niceno Constantinopolitan creed by the Latin liturgy constitutes, moreover, even today, a point of disagreement with the Orthodox churches. At the outset, the Eastern tradition expresses the Father's character as first origin of the Spirit. By confessing the Spirit as He who proceeds from the Father, it affirms that he comes from the Father through the Son. The Western tradition expresses first the consubstantial communion between Father and Son by saying that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. It says this legitimately and with good reason, for the eternal order of the Divine Persons in their consubstantial communion implies that the Father as the principle without principle, is the first origin of the Spirit, but also that as Father of the only Son, and he is with the Son, the single principle from which the Holy Spirit proceeds, this legitimate complementarity, provided it does not become rigid, does not affect the identity of faith in the reality of the same mystery confessed. Okay, so are you confused? Are you a little bit confused? Well, I understand that that makes a lot of sense because there's such technical language, because this is one of those articles. This is one of those things that we know, that we believe it's been revealed by God through history, through Scripture, through the Church. That is a point of contention with our brothers and sisters in the Orthodox churches. And so we just have to go back. Let's go back to the. Where it's simpler. Go back to a simpler day, meaning a simpler paragraph, like 2:43 through 2:45. So here's what we recognize, that before his Passover, Jesus, yep, I'm gonna send another paraclete or another advocate through the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit had been working, right? He's spoken through the prophets. But now the Spirit will be with and in his disciples to teach them and to guide them into all truths. Therefore, the Church concludes in the end of 243. The Holy Spirit is thus revealed as another divine Person with the Father and Jesus, right? So that's really important now. I love the beginning of paragraph 244. It says this. The eternal origin of the Holy Spirit is revealed in his mission in time. And this is just so incredible. So the Holy Spirit has an eternal origin, right? Without beginning, without end kind of situation. His origin is revealed by his mission in time. This is one of those pieces that we wouldn't have any idea the identity of God unless he had chosen to reveal Himself in the course of human event if he hadn't chosen to reveal Himself to us. As we're walking through this world, we say that sending up the person of the Spirit after Jesus glorification, right? Jesus, he resurrected. He ascends to heaven nine days later at a Pentecost. The sending of the Spirit in person reveals in its fullness the mystery of the Holy Trinity. We have the Father revealed in the Old Testament, we have the Son revealed in the New Testament, and we have the Holy Spirit revealed in the age of the Church. So here we are knowing, realizing, because of God's revealing it to us that he is one divine being in three divine persons. And yet in the Old Testament he was still a trinity like the Holy Spirit's there present. Jesus, the Word of God is still present in the New Testament. The Father is obviously at work and still there, as well as the Holy Spirit and the Son. And of course, in the age of the Church right now, as we live, not only is the Holy Spirit active and the Holy Spirit is making present, making actual what Jesus made possible. But of course the Father is everywhere. The Father is present as well. So we have the Holy Trinity revealed. Now from 245 to 248, we get a little bit of the history lesson. It's a theology slash history lesson. So we recognize the year 325, Council of Nicaea. Yep, Jesus is God, the Holy Spirit is God. In the year 381, there is this very clear definition of the Holy Spirit as the Lord, the Giver of life, who proceeds from the Father. As we recognize that the Father is the source and origin of the whole divinity and that the eternal origin of the Spirit is not unconnected with the Son's origin. And this is this quote from the 11th Council of Toledo in the 675 that says this long quote. It says, the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, is God one and equal with the Father and the Son of the same substance. Remember that we say that in the Creed. Consubstantial, of the same substance and also of the same nature. Yet, and this is so important for us because we realize this in time. He is not called the Spirit of the Father alone, but the Spirit of both the Father and the Son. Obviously, we talked about the great schism in 1054, where the Western Church and Eastern Church split. There's a lot of factors. It's so complex, and there's people doing wrong, people saying wrong, people acting wrong on both sides, west and East. But one of the theological points that divided east and west was over what we're going to talk about here in 246 through 248, which is the holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and then these next three words, and the Son, that word is filioque, also from the Son. Right. So the Holy Spirit proceeds not only from the Father, but also from the F and the Son. We recognize, of course, that the belief that Church held that the Holy Spirit not only proceeds from the Father, but also from the Son, goes back to the early Church. This isn't something that was invented in the 11th century, but the disagreement over this came to a head in the 11th century, in 1054, when the church split, going on, what happens? So 246, the Latin tradition of the Creed confesses that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. Right? Okay. The Council of Florence. So 1054, the church has a schism. It breaks in two. There was an effort by the churches in the years that followed that to reconcile. The Council of Florence was one of those places of reconciliation. It took about 400 years. But in the year 1438, the church offered another formulation and the other formulation that the Church offered that would be acceptable because it's a. It's. It's also an early formulation. So the Church had, in its early days, had said both the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son, as well as the phrase, the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son. And so Council of Florence, trying to have an act of reconciliation with east and west, had proposed this, that it is the same to say that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son, and the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son, which brought about reconciliation, which was incredible. It's wonderful. In the year 1438, unfortunately, that reconciliation didn't go as far as it could have. There were some churches that came back, but in the 1450s, the Eastern Orthodox left The Church again, under some social pressure, under pressure from Muslims and under pressure. Yeah, it's never a clear cut thing. Right. There are some times when our theology is very, very clear and that's the reason why we disagree. And there's other times when some, maybe I don't want to say it like this because I don't want to make small of something that's big deal, but sometimes we use the theology as an excuse and this might have been one of those cases in Florence. Here's reconciliation. But you know, 20 plus years later, the reconciliation doesn't last because of other reasons, which is really, really painful. Really, really painful. Goes on in the catechism. Let's go back to this 247. It says the affirmation of the filioque does not appear in the Creed confessed in 381. That's very important. Pope Leo I, though, had already confessed it dogmatically in the year 447, even before the Council of Rome in 451. So you recognize that. Yep, maybe. Council of Constantinople in 381did not formally declare that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son, but it was still part of the early teaching of the Church. Again, not an ecumenical dogmatic statement, but it existed there in the Church. And then it was dogmatically confessed in the year 447. And that's just going to be really, really important. This is very complex, but paragraph 248 says this. Again, this is not a small thing, this is a very big thing. It says this at the outset. The Eastern tradition expresses the Father's character as the first origin of the Spirit, which is so good. Yes. By confessing the Spirit as He who proceeds from the Father, it affirms that he comes from the Father through the Son. Now, the Western tradition, like where we are here in the Roman Catholic Church, expresses first the consubstantial communion between Father and Son. Right. We've said the Creed before, so we want to establish. Yep, they are consubstantial. And expresses this by saying that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. So both these formulations, Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son and Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son are both legitimate. And here's the thing, I love this quote. It says that this legitimate complementarity, provided it does not become rigid, does not affect the identity of faith in the reality of the same mystery confessed. What are we saying? What we're saying is that there is a shorter bridge between east and west than sometimes we like to think or sometimes we even know about. There's a shorter bridge because many in the east have accepted, yeah, the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son. Well, here's the Church saying that's acceptable. That is also true. And if, again, don't become true, rigid about this, this doesn't affect the identity of faith in the reality of the mystery that we're confessing. So I read an article that talked about even Eastern Orthodox Bishop Callistus Ware, who just is a very famous, very prominent Eastern Orthodox bishop that he, like 20 years ago, he had written a book called the Orthodox Church. He said the Filioque controversy, which has separated us, you know, east and west for so many centuries, is more than a mere technicality, which makes sense. Right? It's, it's, this isn't a small point. It's not just a small point of doctrine. It's not a mere technicality. But he also says. But it is not insoluble, he says, qualifying the firm position taken when I wrote my book the Orthodox Church 20 years ago, I now believe after further study that the problem is more in the area of semantics and different emphases than in any basic doctrinal differences. Again, that's Orthodox Bishop Calistus Ware, who is just, he's a very prominent Orthodox bishop, well respected both in the Orthodox Church and in the Western Church. And that is so beautiful and powerful to me. Encouraging to me that here he is saying, okay, the division between east and west is not insoluble. Again, the Council of Florence, the Church had come together, even if it was short lived, it came together and there was some reconciliation. It is very possible. And we pray for the Holy Spirit of unity. Right, pray for the Holy Spirit of unity to once again reunite the Church so that, like Pope John Paul II had said, so that the Church can breathe with both lungs, the east and the West. That's one of our prayers today. I just want to invite every one of us to be praying for that because it's so vital, so important that we recognize that here is the Church. That was tragically, I mean, when I say tragically, I mean it is a tragedy that east and west divided in 1054. And again, to say it's one person or one group's or one side's fault is completely not true. But to say that there couldn't be restoration, that there couldn't be reconciliation, I think is also not true. So let's pray for that. Let's pray for our Eastern. Brothers and sisters, let's pray for us. Let's pray for all of those who follow after Jesus. That one day, once again, we may be reunited by the power of the Holy Spirit. That's what we're praying for. I'm praying for you. Please pray for me. My name is Father Mike. I cannot wait to see you tomorrow. God bless.