With several thousand living species, ferns are the second most diverse vascular plants around today, after angiosperms. Ferns are also abundant and well-known in the fossil record. This episode, Aly joins us to explore the dizzying variety of ferns and their ferny-friends, past and present.

In the news: When the Earth Was Green, weird wasps, and ancient claws. And also dire wolves.

Time markers:
Intro & Announcements: 00:00:00
News: 00:04:20
Main discussion, Part 1: 00:46:45
Main discussion, Part 2: 01:37:00
Patron question: 02:20:40

Check out our website for this episode’s blog post and more: http://commondescentpodcast.com/

Join us on Patreon to support the podcast and enjoy bonus content: https://www.patreon.com/commondescentpodcast

When the Earth Was Green:
https://bookshop.org/p/books/when-the-earth-was-green-plants-animals-and-evolution-s-greatest-romance-riley-black/21356911
https://libro.fm/audiobooks/9781250354211-when-the-earth-was-green
Find Riley at @restingdinoface.bsky.social
And http://rileyblack.net/

Support links:
Assigned Media: https://www.assignedmedia.org/

Got a topic you want to hear about? Submit your episode request here: https://commondescentpodcast.com/request-a-topic/

Lots more ways to connect with us: https://linktr.ee/common_descent

The Intro and Outro music is “On the Origin of Species” by Protodome. More music like this at http://ocremix.org

Musical Interludes are "Professor Umlaut" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0