Why the Stock Market Just Keeps Going Up

Summary

---

Podcast Summary: The Daily – "Why the Stock Market Just Keeps Going Up"

Date: October 20, 2025 | Host: Natalie Kitroeff | Guest: Joe Rennison

---

Overview

In this episode, NYT journalist Natalie Kitroeff sits down with Joe Rennison to unravel a central economic paradox: Why have U.S. stock markets, notably the S&P 500 and Nasdaq, soared to record highs in 2025—despite persistent turbulence caused by high tariffs, weakening labor data, and President Trump’s interventions in economic institutions? Rennison provides a layered exploration of the forces keeping markets buoyant, including the huge influence of AI-driven tech giants, investor psychology, and key signals that hint at potential vulnerabilities beneath Wall Street's surface.

---

Key Discussion Points & Insights

1. The Stock Market’s Paradox: Resilience Amidst Turmoil

[00:21–02:43]

• Despite economic “chaos”—high tariffs, weak labor market, and unorthodox government intervention—U.S. stock indexes remain at all-time highs.
• Host Natalie asks the foundational question: “How can it be that all these theoretically destabilizing events are not seriously rattling investors?”

Quote:

“It seems as though every few weeks something happens... and at least for the past few months, the market has not really had a huge or lasting reaction to those things.”
– Natalie Kitroeff [01:51]

2. Market Psychology: Signals and Interpretation

[02:43–04:58]

• Rennison emphasizes that the majority of Americans are exposed to the stock market, and that markets often serve as a forward-looking barometer, not a mirror of current economic conditions.
• “Markets are constantly trying to understand where we go, not where we are now.”

Quote:

“The companies in the stock market...employ thousands and thousands of people...there is this kind of relationship between markets and the economy, even if they don’t always send exactly the same message.”
– Joe Rennison [03:37]

3. How Markets “Digest” Uncertainty

[04:58–07:43]

• Initial sharp reactions to Trump’s tariffs gave way to stability as uncertainty faded and key parameters (tariff rates, inflation data) became more predictable.
• Markets dislike unpredictability more than “bad news,” and have learned to adapt as new policies become familiar.

Quote:

“Markets hate uncertainty. They can’t price uncertainty...It’s impossible to price what you don’t know.”
– Joe Rennison [05:48]

4. Policy Tailwinds: Tax Cuts & Lower Interest Rates

[07:43–08:47]

• Recent economic policy (tax cuts and Federal Reserve rate cuts) has provided “tailwinds” to stocks, lowering borrowing costs and boosting corporate profitability.
• Rennison: “These are two things that businesses love...These are good news.” [08:10]

5. Institutional Attacks & Market Indifference

[08:47–10:07]

• While there are concerns about attacks on the Fed and other institutions, markets are primarily concerned with outcomes—policies aligning with fundamentals—rather than the independence or health of institutions.

6. The AI Boom: Tech Giants Dominate Market Performance

[11:11–14:54]

• The rise of “The Magnificent Seven” (Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta, Microsoft, Nvidia, Tesla) underpins much of the market’s gains. These firms, heavily exposed to artificial intelligence, now make up more than a third of the S&P 500’s value.

Quote:

“There’s 500 companies. Seven of them are dictating a third of the price.”
– Joe Rennison [12:03]

• This concentrated performance means the overall market can rise even as many companies lag.

7. Bubble or Revolution? Debating AI Valuations

[13:16–15:59]

• AI-driven stocks, especially Nvidia, are trading at sky-high valuations; this is reminiscent of the dot-com era, but could be justified if the underlying technology delivers as hoped.
• Investors face a dilemma: risk missing out on a generational opportunity or get caught in a bubble.

Quote:

“With almost any big fundamental change…to some extent...it comes down to belief.”
– Joe Rennison [14:54]

8. Masked Weakness: Not All Boats Are Rising

[16:00–17:08]

• The stellar performance of a small group of tech firms can conceal weakness among the rest; broad index gains may mislead about underlying market health.

Quote:

“Maybe it’s also just artificial intelligence…you may be missing some of the underlying concern that still sits beneath the surface.” [16:59]

9. Underlying Warning Signs

[18:53–22:31]

• Rising gold prices and movement of international capital out of the U.S. suggest unease.
• Defaults are rising in subprime auto lending, hinting at consumer stress; if this spreads, it could hurt broader consumption and corporate earnings.
• Ongoing U.S.–China trade tensions remain a persistent source of risk.

Quote:

“Why do people buy gold? ...You go there because you don’t want to lose money.”
– Joe Rennison [18:59]

10. So, Should We Be Worried?

[22:31–27:16]

• Rennison cannot predict whether the rally will last, emphasizing that, for now, fundamentals haven’t collapsed and company earnings, particularly among tech, remain strong.
• Some policies and levels of intervention appear to have become “normalized,” and investors have adapted by focusing on concrete outcomes rather than political “noise.”

11. Best Performers Since Tariffs

[28:36–29:12]

• Companies like Broadcom, Palantir, and Oracle have more than doubled since April, with government business cited as a key driver.

Quote:

“There’s seven companies on here that have risen more than 100% since the start of April…Broadcom, Palantir, Oracle…It’s pretty staggering.”
– Joe Rennison [28:49]

---

Memorable Quotes & Moments

• On investor psychology:
  “The risk of being uninvested in this environment is like you can fall behind very, very quickly.”
  – Joe Rennison [15:13]

• On Trump’s impact:
  “I think investors have really started to try not to react to those more superfluous things and instead focus on what’s real, what’s actually happened, what’s actually been said and done, rather than what might happen.”
  – Joe Rennison [26:24]

• Summing up the mood:
  “You actually end up just having to look at what’s really happening. Not the sort of gut check or emotional response…”
  – Joe Rennison [27:16]

---

Key Timestamps

• 00:21–02:43: Introduction of the stock market’s resilience
• 04:58–07:43: How markets adapted to Trump’s tariffs
• 11:11–14:54: Power of AI and tech firms in driving market performance
• 18:53–20:16: Gold’s surge and signals of investor anxiety
• 21:28–22:31: U.S.–China trade war’s persistent risks
• 28:36–29:12: Top stock performers since tariff escalation

---

Conclusion

The U.S. stock market’s 2025 rally rests on a convergence of factors: the predictability of current policies, the enormous gravitational pull of AI-focused tech giants, and investors’ adaptation to political “noise” and uncertainty. Underneath, however, traditional warning lights—rising gold prices, growing consumer defaults, geopolitical risks—remain flashing. While investors are enjoying unprecedented gains for now, the episode closes on a note of measured skepticism: markets are responding to present facts and future potential, not to our anxieties. Whether this “new normal” is sustainable remains an open question.

---

Transcript

[Commercial Announcer]

This message comes from Capital One Commercial Bank. Your business requires commercial banking solutions that prioritize your long term success with Capital One. Get a full suite of financial products and services tailored to meet your needs today and goals for tomorrow. Learn [e-mail] Commercial Member FDIC.

[Natalie Kitroev]

From the New York Times, I'm Natalie Kitroev. This is the daily tariffs are at their highest rate in nearly a century. The labor market is weakening over and over again. Trump has meddled with corporate America and the country's most important economic institutions and yet the S and P at an all time high. Same for the Nasdaq by the way. The stock market has kept on going up and up and up. Markets continue to hit all time highs. All of this despite lingering uncertainty caused by President Trump's tariff agenda. Today my colleague Joe Renison explains why, at least until now, the market has stayed so strong in such volatile times and what we know about how long this can really last. It's Monday, October 20th. Wow, you brought a Bloomberg terminal print out to me.

[Joe Renison]

In case you ask me what companies have done well since tariffs, then I'll be prepared.

[Natalie Kitroev]

It's beautiful. I just caught a glimpse of it. And that orange, that bright orange letter.

[Joe Renison]

It'S very distinctive, isn't it?

[Natalie Kitroev]

Yeah, you can't miss it.

[Joe Renison]

Yeah.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Well, Joe, welcome to the show. Thanks for being in the studio.

[Joe Renison]

Thanks ever so much for having me.

[Natalie Kitroev]

So we're coming to you because there has been this question on my mind for a while now and I think it's been on a lot of people's minds. And the question is, what is up with the markets? Because it seems as though every few weeks or so something happens, whether it's a new Trump policy, whether it's weak jobs data, whether it's new tariffs, and at least for the past few months or so, the market has not really had a huge or lasting reaction to those things. Now, a week ago we did see a decline when Trump threatened new China tariffs, but then the market seemed to recover. And at this point they've been in all time high territory for a while. And the mystery for me has been how can that be? How can it be that all these theoretically destabilizing events are not seriously rattling investors?

[Joe Renison]

Right. Well, you're not alone. There's plenty of people asking that exact same question right now. And it makes sense from a sort intuitive perspective. When you see so much what at least some people would describe as chaos or at least unorthodox things happening in the world, why hasn't there been A stronger reaction in financial markets. Surely there is an economic consequence to these things. And so it is an important question, and it's an important question as well because it's important to understand what the signal is from the stock market. Markets are still doing very well. Should we take that as a sign that things are okay? Maybe we're being hyperbolic and we're being worried about nothing. And so if that is the signal markets are sending, we should listen to that equally. If there's another explanation, we should understand that explanation as well.

[Natalie Kitroev]

So you're saying the signals the market sends matter.

[Joe Renison]

Yeah.

[Natalie Kitroev]

What do you mean by that?

[Joe Renison]

You know, believe it or not, a majority of Americans are actually invested in the stock market, either through retirement plans or pension plans or the rise of retail investors Day trading. That kind of picked up during the pandemic. Pandemic. And then while the stock market might not be the economy and maybe it doesn't feel like it has this kind of direct effect on most Americans lives. The companies in the stock market are huge employers. They employ thousands and thousands of people. They are responsible for the paychecks of many, many Americans. And if those companies start to do worse or start to come under pressure, that tends to affect how they spend money in the economy, whether that's on labor or infrastructure projects or whatever it happens to be. So there is this kind of relationship between markets and the economy, even if they don't always send exactly the same message and they're also forward looking. So markets are constantly trying to understand where we go, not where we are now. And so they're a really good barometer in a sense of where the many, many investors that are putting money to work every single day buying and selling stocks, bonds, currencies and other things, where do they see things headed? And again at the moment, from a very cursory look at the financial markets, one would think that people think we're on a reasonably safe path.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Okay, well, let's get into the signals that we are getting from investors right now. It feels like maybe one of the most helpful recent examples of that kind of barometer that you're talking about was during the initial market reaction to Trump's tariffs back in the spring. The market, the stock market and the bond market reaction in particular were initially negative. Many people saw that as a strong signal to the administration. The administration pulls back. It's not surprising that the market recovered once Trump retreated from those initial really high tariffs. But what was surprising to me was that the markets kept going up and up even though Trump did eventually raise tariff rates. It was more gradual, but those tariffs hit multiple sectors and multiple countries. Can you just explain that? Break that down for me?

[Joe Renison]

Absolutely. So, coming into this year, we were in a pretty good place. There was some enthusiasm around Trump being elected, a sort of more pro business president, at least perceived to be a more pro business president, and a sort of unleashing of growth and opportunity in the US for big business. And then the tariffs hit. And whilst these were expected, they came through a lot more punitive, a lot more harsh than investors had anticipated. And so there was a sharp reaction. And the reason that sharp reaction kind of hit almost more than the tariffs themselves. Almost more than sort of. What it said about the direction of travel for the administration was that it was unexpected. Markets investors hate uncertainty. They can't price uncertainty. It's impossible to price what you don't know whether the economy could sustain through such a shock, whether the employment market would come under strain, whether inflation would rapidly rise. And so you ended up with this kind of paralyzing of business and financial markets because they just didn't know what was going to happen. Now, where we are now, sure, there's still a lot of uncertainty in the world, but we at least roughly know what the base rate on tariffs is going to be. We roughly know, we at least have some data on what the income from tariffs looks like to the government.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Which is considerable, right?

[Joe Renison]

Yeah, Much higher than people were anticipating initially. We've seen inflation not get out in control. Yes, there's pressure on inflation, but it's not going out of control. There's an awful lot that we've just had a little bit of time to kind of analyze, to get our head around to a point where there is at least less uncertainty than there was six months ago.

[Natalie Kitroev]

So it sounds like what you're saying is we moved from this really unpredictable environment to a relatively at least more predictable one, and that with that shift, some of the anxiety has fallen away.

[Joe Renison]

Yeah, exactly. Certainly some of the big causes of consternation and uncertainty have eased somewhat. And it isn't just tariffs. We also have the big, beautiful bill, the tax cut that went through. It's an extension of a tax cut, but it still is a tailwind for the market. Fed looks like it's now lowering interest rates. Those lower interest rates will also offer a tailwind to the market. It reduces borrowing costs. It broadly reduces costs for companies in the stock market.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Tax cuts and reduced interest rates are two things that businesses love, tend to like it. These are good news.

[Joe Renison]

Yes, yes.

[Natalie Kitroev]

So there's more certainty in a bunch of areas. Tariffs, taxes, and interest rates. Isn't there, though, Joe? Still a lot of uncertainty, just at a systemic level, as in, aren't there concerns about how much trust we can have in the ability of the most important economic institutions in this country to do their jobs, like the Fed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics? These have both been attacked by Trump. He's moved to fire a Fed governor. He fired the head of the labor agency. What's the impact of all that?

[Joe Renison]

There is absolutely concern around these sorts of things. Whether that gets reflected in markets is a little bit different. Markets aren't moral. They don't have a system of governance that they are wedded to. What they fundamentally care about is that policy, especially monetary policy, coming from the Federal Reserve is consistent with the sort of economic fundamentals that we're facing in authoritarian governments that can sometimes become dislocated where the politicians are making those decisions, not the policymakers. And then you can end up with economic policy that doesn't fit the economy you have. And that can lead to some very unpleasant results. Let's say we're not in that situation. We're in a situation where, yes, the administration is putting a lot of pressure on the Federal Reserve. They're putting pressure on Federal Reserve independents through the attempt to fire Lisa Cook, the Fed governor. Yeah. But at least for now, the policy that they are pushing through is consistent with the economic fundamentals we're facing. So the fact that Jerome Powell is now lowering interest rates is more a coincidence that that's what Trump wants as well, because for a large chunk of this year, Trump wanted lower interest rates, and it was not the right time, and Powell didn't want to do that. Now they're aligned. And so whether that's a question of independence or lack of independence, if the policy fits the market, then the market will be okay.

[Natalie Kitroev]

You're saying that the markets don't see the Fed's move to lower interest rates as a response to Trump pressure. They see it as a response to the economic signals. Yeah, okay, but the Fed is cutting interest rates in part because of weakness in the labor market. Isn't that concerning to investors that weakness?

[Joe Renison]

It is, but we're at the very early days of that right now. The labor market is still, by historical measures, very, very strong. Unemployment is still very, very low. The Fed is sensing or seeing in the data some turn in that strength. We are starting to see unemployment tick up slightly. We are starting to see the number of jobs added sort of slowing Down. And so they're trying to get ahead of this before the labor market actually buckles and cracks and we get to that point.

[Natalie Kitroev]

So all of this, it helps explain why the markets aren't reacting very strongly to some of the more extreme Trump moves. It doesn't totally explain, though, why we're in all Time High territory. What's behind that? What's that story?

[Joe Renison]

Yeah, sure. So I think it's good that we're coming to this point now, because there is a really big driving force in the market right now, and that's artificial intelligence. The enthusiasm over the sort of transformational potential of AI is driving the story stock market through the roof because the biggest companies that stand to benefit from AI adoption are listed in the U.S. these companies have grown astronomically over the past sort of four years or so, and they have become these behemoths in the market. You have the Magnificent Seven, which is a name given to a group of seven stocks. It includes Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta, Microsoft, Nvidia, and Tesla. Those seven companies now are more than a third of the S&P 500.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Wow, I didn't know that.

[Joe Renison]

Right. So there's 500 companies. Seven of them are dictating a third of the price.

[Natalie Kitroev]

That's unbelievable.

[Joe Renison]

So if you get a 2% rise in Nvidia one day, it's really hard for the S and P 500 to be down.

[Natalie Kitroev]

At the end of the day, it's a huge impact. Totally outsized.

[Joe Renison]

Exactly. Big, big outsize impact of the stock prices of just a handful of companies. And all of those companies pretty much are fairly intertwined with artificial intelligence. And when you have such driving force as artificial intelligence in the market, this is a potentially transformational technology that could drive profits in the stock market for a long time. So even if you're kind of worried about the attack on the Fed's independence or some of the geopolitical situations that are playing out, you probably don't want to miss out on a generational technology that will really bolster U.S. markets, the U.S. economy, because other people around the world are going to want to be invested in that trade as well. And that brings money into the U.S. right.

[Natalie Kitroev]

It's just very hard to sit this out on the sidelines right now.

[Joe Renison]

Yeah, absolutely.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Okay. And what about the concerns that this AI boom could really just be a big bubble, that these companies are overvalued, that they may not deliver on their promise?

[Joe Renison]

Yeah, it's a concern. Jamie Dimon, the chief executive of JP Morgan, biggest bank in the US he warned us something similar. The market does seem overvalued. It does seem a little bit frothy. There is room for a pullback here. And all we have to look at are some of the sort of classical market metrics for assessing valuation. And on pretty much all of those, let's take a company like Nvidia, for example. We're blasting through historical precedent. We are way outside of normal ranges on what you would pay for a company with the sort of current track record behind it and the expectations. You know, when you pay more for a share, the idea at least behind that is that you think this company is going to be able to make that money in the future and give it back to you. You're trying to profit, right? So if you're paying more for something, you think it's going to make more money over the long term. And while some of these numbers look bananas on a piece of paper, Nvidia has met a lot of these targets in recent years. Like this is a $500 billion company in 2021 that is now over $4 trillion. And so when Nvidia hit a trillion dollars, do you start saying, well, it looks a bit overvalued? When Nvidia hits $2 trillion, do you think it's overvalued? It's 4 trillion. Is it overvalued or is it actually worth 8 trillion? I don't know. And I don't think a lot of investors know for sure either. With almost any big fundamental change, whether it's crypto and Bitcoin, or whether it's artificial intelligence or the Internet, these sorts of technologies, to some extent, at least when you don't have the full set of numbers you need to value a company? It comes down to belief.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Part of what you're saying is that while this could be a bubble, all of this AI investment, even in that scenario, it's very hard for investors to not throw their money into this sector because the potential windfall that comes from making the right bet on the right company is just huge.

[Joe Renison]

Yeah. And the risk of being uninvested in this environment is like you can fall behind very, very quickly. As an investor. Maybe it's worth sort of looking back to the dot com period, the Internet revolution, the computing revolution, that kind of taken hold earlier. Those things are still with us. The technologies are still here. Artificial intelligence isn't going to be going away anytime soon. The difference is which companies are going to actually still be around in five or 10 years. But is it going to be a case of one of the many companies that went bust in 2000, 2001? Or is it going to be a case of being Amazon, which was also valued in similar ways that were also off the charts back in 1999? That company is still here and it would have made you an awful lot of money to be invested over those 25 years.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Right.

[Joe Renison]

One of the concerns that comes up with this, however, is that because of the size of these companies and because of how well they've been performing more recently, they're also able to then mask a lot of the pain that sort of sits just beneath the surface of the stock market. It's quite possible to have a large chunk of The S&P 500, for example, down on a day where some idiosyncratic news about Nvidia or Amazon that lifts those stocks 1, 2% can outweigh moves in the opposite direction amongst a large chunk of the index. So it kind of comes back to the message that the market is sending us on any given day that the S&P 500 rises. Maybe that is a verdict on the administration's policies, maybe that is a verdict on the economy at large. But maybe it's also just artificial intelligence. And if you're only looking at that high level number, whether the S&P 500 has risen or fallen, then you may be missing some of the underlying concern that still sits beneath the surface.

[Natalie Kitroev]

We'll be right back.

[Commercial Announcer]

We all have moments when we could have done better. Like cutting your own hair. Yikes. Or forgetting sunscreen. So now you look like a tomato. Ouch. Coulda done better. Same goes for where you invest. Level up and invest smarter with Schwab. Get market insights, education and human help.

[Natalie Kitroev]

When you need it.

[NRDC Announcer]

Learn [e-mail] this podcast is supported by NRDC, the Natural Resources Defense Council. NRDC combines the power of 3 million supporters with 700 staff, scientists, lawyers and advocates to take on the biggest threats facing our planet. They've protected endangered species, blocked harmful oil and gas pipelines, and won landmark cases that safeguard clean air and water. Be part of their next victory for Daily listeners. Donate at nrdc.org daily and your gift will be matched five times.

[Commercial Announcer]

The critically acclaimed series the Diplomat returns for its third season, starring Keri Russell as Kate Wyler. Now the president is dead. Kate's husband Hal may have inadvertently killed him, and Grace Penn is the leader of the free world. None of this slows Hal's campaign to land Kate the vice presidency. Alison Janney and Rufus Sewell return, and Bradley Whitford Joins the cast of the Emmy nominated drama Watch the Diplomat, now playing only on Netflix.

[Natalie Kitroev]

So let's talk about some of those underlying concerns. These warning signs in the markets. What are you seeing?

[Joe Renison]

So one of the most obvious would be gold. Gold has been rising for a while at this point, but it's really taken off in recent months. We've gone above $4,000 on gold for the first time. And the signal that sends is one of worry. Why do people buy gold? It doesn't offer any return. It's not going to enrich you in the way that maybe a rapidly rising stock will. You go there because you don't want to lose money. It's less about making money, it's more about not losing that money.

[Natalie Kitroev]

People tend to invest in gold when they're feeling insecure.

[Joe Renison]

Yeah, exactly. And we've seen central banks around the world move more into gold. That's a bit of a shift away from dollar assets. That's a concern about the sort of safety and soundness of US Markets kind of continuing in the way that they have for so long. We're also seeing some of that reflected in money moving away from the US Stock market. Yes, we have these big tech companies that are leading and are at the forefront of AI, but we've also had that for a while. So there's been a lot of money come in from international markets into the US market chasing those returns. We're starting to see that ebb a little bit. We're seeing more money going into European markets or other emerging markets as people dial down some of their exposure to the U.S. got it.

[Natalie Kitroev]

So so far you've talked about gold, the prices going up, that being a sign of potential unease. You talked about money moving into international markets. What else?

[Joe Renison]

Perhaps one of the most obvious or classic signs of concern is in defaults. So companies unable to pay their debts back and actually going into either bankruptcy or having to negotiate with their creditors. We saw this recently in the subprime auto lending space. So car loans to people that are considered risky borrowers. It does hint and show there is some fraying of the strength of the consumer that has driven the economy since the pandemic. And there is some sign that consumers are coming under strain. If that follows through, you can see how that lowers consumer spending at big box stores. You can then see how that flows through into the stock market as revenues decline. For some of those companies and things like that.

[Natalie Kitroev]

It sounds like more than just a red flag for markets. Those rising defaults are a sign that like a growing Number of people in the regular real economy are struggling.

[Joe Renison]

Yeah, it is, but it is still at the margin. It's not broad based yet.

[Natalie Kitroev]

When we started talking, I mentioned that there had been this drop in the markets after Trump threatened new China tariffs. We know obviously that the US China trade negotiations have not been resolved. Having two major economic superpowers in an escalating trade war certainly doesn't seem like it would bode well for investors. Is anyone you're talking to worried about these tensions heating up again?

[Joe Renison]

Yeah, absolutely. It remains a sort of outstanding cause of concern. This is the big trading relationship. This is the one that really matters. And if there is a sense that that relationship is breaking down, then, yeah, markets are going to react to that. We saw that this month with some of the back and forth between D.C. and Beijing where Trump comes out, sort of threatens these 100% tariffs on China. And that prompted a very strong reaction. It shows this sensitivity to the unknown, to the potential for a crisis coming out of left field. There are definitely still these risks looming out there and investors are sensitive to them.

[Natalie Kitroev]

So, Joe, how worried should we be? How should we be interpreting these warning signs? Is it a signal that the historic run that we've been on is about to end?

[Joe Renison]

I don't know.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Darn it.

[Joe Renison]

Yeah, I was really hoping you did. Yeah. I don't know. It's kind of fascinating in a sort of purely intellectual way, but it's also baffling in its own right to see how little effect, maybe some of the things that we think of as being very impactful in our own lives have not necessarily translated into financial markets. But it also, hopefully, at the end of this conversation, makes a little bit of sense in the sense that the reality that companies are dealing with, the reality that investors are dealing with is not that bad.

[Natalie Kitroev]

I think a lot of people will feel maddened by some of this, especially those who are being affected by Trump's policies. Ye thinking of thousands of federal workers who don't have a job or the small businesses who are struggling with tariffs. Because I think people, at least going into this term, they expected Marcus to be a guardrail, to be a check on the President, for them to be maybe one of the only effective checks on the President's most extreme instincts. And that just doesn't seem to be happening.

[Joe Renison]

Yeah, you're right. People certainly did come into this year expecting markets to be more of a guardrail than they have been. But when investors are actually confronted with the landscape in front of them, they have to consider the good and the bad companies are earning. We've had double digit earnings growth in the first quarter and in the second quarter, and we're looking like we might get it in the third quarter as well as we go into earnings season now. And when you consider the attack on Fed independence, when you consider some of the more extreme policies that have kind of come out from this administration, when you consider all these things, do you think Nvidia or Google or Apple, these big companies are not going to be making a lot of money in five years or two years? I think they're probably going to be doing all right. And I don't often have opinions. That's pretty much the mildest opinion I think anyone can have out there.

[Natalie Kitroev]

I don't think so.

[Joe Renison]

And so sometimes it's just answering a different question than the one investors are asking of it, and that's kind of why we are where we are.

[Natalie Kitroev]

You're saying basically that the markets are filtering all the noise of the volatility in this Trump term, or maybe investors are just holding their nose because they can't resist the pull of AI?

[Joe Renison]

Yeah, I mean, I speak to a lot of investors who have talked about how they've evolved their investment process a little bit this year, learning somewhat from the first Trump term, but then also just trying to really, as you said, filter out the noise. What's real? If Joe Biden had tweeted something that resembled a policy announcement one random afternoon, then markets would have responded to it and they'd have reacted very quickly because they'd have taken it seriously. We don't have that level of reaction function now because there is a sense that, you know, and I do not mean this with any kind of value judgment attached to it, but the sense, at least among investors, is that this administration says and does a lot of stuff that doesn't actually happen that changes the next day. And so I think investors have really started to try not to react to those more superfluous things and instead focus on what's real, what's actually happened, what's actually been said and done, rather than what might happen.

[Natalie Kitroev]

So to a certain extent, markets have kind of become inured to the daily seesaw of drama that maybe affects us regular folks a little more. I guess my question is, is there a way in which Trump has also affected the tolerance of investors for the actual things he's doing in some way by throwing us all into this kind of crazy experiment of what unprecedented tariff rates will do to an economy and what unprecedented levels of government intervention will do? Has he made us more comfortable with some things that before we might have thought were a little out of bounds. Has he normalized these moves to the point where investors are just adapting to them?

[Joe Renison]

Yeah. If you'd asked an economist in January, what would introducing the highest tariffs in what, a century do to the economy, I don't think they'd have said, well, I'm pretty sure the s and P500 will be at a new record. But we are in that position. So we can look at what's happening to companies, we can look at what's happening to the data, we can look at what companies are doing in response to these increased costs. We can see whether they're trying to absorb those costs or pass them on to consumers. And certainly for the first half of the year, it looked like they were absorbing those costs. Now it's looking like they're beginning to start passing those on to consumers. That would potentially be another warning sign. But you actually end up just having to look at what's really happening. Not the sort of gut check or emotional response to what's happening. It has to be the reality of it, and how does it affect company profitability? We could easily see a future in which the sort of positives driving the market continue to outweigh. And I can see a future where some of those negatives that are beginning to creep in could also outweigh. But at least for now, a lot of the worst fears that were sort of surrounding this stuff at the beginning of the year have not been met yet.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Oh, and before I let you go, I want to actually make use of that printout that you brought that was supposed to help you answer a question about what companies have done well since Trump instituted all these tariffs. So let's hear it. Who's killing it?

[Joe Renison]

Oh, my goodness. All right, let's look at the scores on the board. Looking at this piece of paper in front of me, it's very clear why the market has been doing so well. There's seven companies on here that have risen more than 100% since the start of April. Wow. That's doubling in value as Broadcom, Palantir, Oracle, companies that have done big business with the government. It's pretty staggering.

[Natalie Kitroev]

I was really hoping you were going to say the New York Times.

[Joe Renison]

Alas. Alas. But it's easy looking at that list to understand why the market is doing okay.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Well, Joe, thanks so much.

[Joe Renison]

Thank you.

[Natalie Kitroev]

We'll be right back.

[NRDC Announcer]

Every day, countless people turn to TikTok in search of something new and whether it's topics like science and history or literature and math, they're finding individuals who make knowledge accessible. TikTok adds a new layer to learning by turning curiosity into everyday discoveries. Readers share recommendations that revive forgotten classics and launch new authors into the spotlight. Parents trade tips that make everyday challenges feel a little easier. Home cooks pass down family recipes and global food traditions, while language learners swap tricks that make new words stick. People on TikTok are teaching life skills like budgeting, job prep or how to fix something around the house, right alongside lessons on philosophy, art and culture. And every day, diverse voices offer new perspectives on the issues shaping our world. From learning and creativity to community and connection, TikTok is a tool for curiosity, a resource for self education, and a place where discovery turns questions into conversations. To learn more about the world and about yourself, discover TikTok over the last.

[Commercial Announcer]

Two decades, the world has witnessed incredible progress. From dial up modems to 5G connectivity, from massive PC towers to AI enabled microchips, innovators are rethinking possibilities every day. Through it all, Invesco QQQ ETF has provided investors access to the world of innovation with a single investment. Invesco QQQ let's rethink possibility. There are risks when investing in ETFs, including possible loss of money. ETFs risks are similar to those of stocks. Investments in the tech sector are subject to greater risk and more volatility than more diversified investments. Before investing carefully reading, consider fund investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses and more in [e-mail] Invesco Distributors Incorporated.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Here'S what else you should know today. We want Hopkins we want campaigns across the country on Saturday, large crowds gathered for day long no Kings protests against President Trump. The rallies took place in small towns and big cities and drew particularly large turnouts in Washington D.C. new York and Chicago. The demonstrations were aimed at calling out what protesters see as the authoritarian actions of the president and were largely peaceful. Will we sit by while the president.

[Joe Renison]

Slow walks us into authoritarianism?

[Commercial Announcer]

Will we bend the knee, your grace.

[Natalie Kitroev]

And On Sunday, Israel launched its heaviest attacks on Gaza since a ceasefire took hold a week ago and suspended humanitarian aid to the enclave after accusing Hamas of violating the truce by killing two Israeli soldiers. By nightfall, following a series of significant strikes, the Israeli military said it had, quote, begun the renewed enforcement of the ceasefire. Gaza's health officials reported 44 Palestinian deaths across the territory on Sunday. The flare up of violence and the temporary halt in aid were the most serious tests yet of the ceasefire, which was negotiated under heavy pressure from the White House and signed by Trump himself. Finally, in a brazen daylight robbery at the Louvre Museum in Paris, thieves made off with true jewelry of incalculable value. According to France's interior minister, the heist unfolded around 9:30am when thieves used a lift mechanism on a truck to break into the museum and snatch eight precious objects before fleeing on motor scooters with their loot, all within just seven minutes. Today's episode was produced by Anna Foley, Ricky Novetsky and Stella Tan. It was edited by Lisa Chow with help from Mark George. Contains music by Marion Lozano and Diane Wong and was engineered by Chris Wow. That's it for the Daily I'm Natalie Kitroweth. See you tomorrow.

[Commercial Announcer]

Over the last two decades, the world has witnessed incredible progress. From dial up modems to 5G connectivity, from massive PC towers to AI enabled microchips, innovators are rethinking possibilities every day. Through it all, Invesco QQQ ETF has provided investors access to the world of innovation with a single investment. Invesco QQQ let's rethink possibility. There are risks when investing in ETFs, including possible loss of money. ETFs risks are similar to those of stocks. Investments in the tech sector are subject to greater risk and more volatility than more diversified investments. Before investing, carefully reading, Consider fund investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses and more in perspective at Invesco.

[Natalie Kitroev]

Com.

[Commercial Announcer]

Invesco Distributors Incorporated.