Moment 208: The Dumbest Financial Advice Everyone Weirdly Follows That’s Keeping Them Poor!

Summary

Detailed Summary of "Moment 208: The Dumbest Financial Advice Everyone Weirdly Follows That’s Keeping Them Poor!"

Podcast Information:

• Title: The Diary Of A CEO with Steven Bartlett
• Host/Author: DOAC
• Episode: Moment 208: The Dumbest Financial Advice Everyone Weirdly Follows That’s Keeping Them Poor!
• Release Date: April 11, 2025

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1. Personal Story and Life-Altering Decisions

Morgan Housel opens the discussion by sharing a poignant personal experience from his youth. At 17, Morgan was part of a tight-knit ski team in Lake Tahoe, California. He recounts a pivotal moment in February 2001 when, along with friends Brendan Allen and Brian Richmond, he skied out of bounds—an illegal activity they frequently engaged in for better slopes. This particular outing led to a small avalanche, an event Morgan vividly remembers even two decades later.

“It was the weirdest sensation of that I've had in my life. Because when you get hit by an avalanche, rather than pushing on the snow to gain traction with your, the ground is pushing you.” [00:00]

Tragically, Brendan and Brian did not survive the avalanche, a loss that profoundly impacted Morgan. Reflecting on this, he emphasizes the randomness of life-altering events and the importance of seemingly trivial decisions.

“The world hangs by a thread… there are tiny little know nothing decisions, maybe that you made today of maybe it was wind across the street, maybe it was when to leave to get in your car that can utterly change the course of your life.” [04:30]

2. The Unpredictability of Risk and Major Events

The conversation delves into the unpredictable nature of major risks and events that have shaped recent history. Morgan cites events such as Pearl Harbor, 9/11, COVID-19, and the 2008 financial crisis as examples of incidents that occurred without prior warning and had profound impacts.

“Everything that you thought about risk and uncertainty and stability goes to shit.” [08:32]

He emphasizes that these events typically unfold rapidly, leaving little to no time for anticipation or preparedness. This unpredictability underscores the fragility of both personal and economic stability.

3. Investment Philosophy: Simplicity and Endurance

Morgan advocates for a simplistic and resilient investment strategy. He outlines his personal investment portfolio, which consists primarily of cash, index funds, and shares of Markel (a reflection of his role on their board of directors).

“I keep it as painfully simple as I possibly can. So literally my entire net worth is cash, a house and index funds and some shares of Markel.” [10:09]

He stresses that the key to successful investing is not about making frequent, complex trades but about enduring market fluctuations and maintaining a long-term perspective.

4. The Power of Dollar Cost Averaging and Index Funds

Morgan introduces the concept of dollar cost averaging, a strategy where a fixed dollar amount is invested at regular intervals, regardless of market conditions. This approach mitigates the risk of market timing and leverages the benefits of compounding over time.

“Dollar cost averaging means you buy the same dollar amount of investments every single month, come hell or high water.” [12:55]

He also highlights the advantages of index funds, which provide diversification by encompassing a broad range of stocks, effectively giving investors a slice of the global economy.

“An index fund is just a sing that owns hundreds or thousands of stocks within it. And if it's diverse enough, if it's big enough, really what you're doing is you're owning a slice of the global economy.” [13:00]

5. Case Studies: Warren Buffett and Ronald James Reed

Morgan uses the success stories of Warren Buffett and Ronald James Reed to illustrate the efficacy of his investment philosophy centered on endurance and patience.

• Warren Buffett: Known for his long-term investment strategy, Buffett accumulated 99% of his net worth post-60 years of age by consistently investing and allowing his assets to compound over decades.

  “The real secret to his success is that he's been a good investor for 80 years… if he had retired at age 60, nobody would have ever heard of him.” [14:36]

• Ronald James Reed: Reed, a janitor, amassed over $8 million by saving diligently and investing in stocks over 70 years without actively trading.

  “He took what very little money he could save from his job as a janitor… and he left it alone for 70 years. And that's it.” [16:20]

These examples underscore that sustained, patient investment strategies often outperform attempts to time the market or pick individual stocks.

6. Career Advice for Young Individuals

Morgan offers nuanced career advice, particularly targeting young professionals and recent graduates. He advises taking calculated risks early in one's career by joining unconventional or startup companies, which offer invaluable learning experiences despite higher failure rates.

“When you're 22 and you're not tied down by anything, don't go work for Goldman Sachs or Apple or Deloitte or something like that. Go for the weird startup where you like, you're going to learn something completely different.” [21:10]

This approach contrasts with seeking stability early on, which may limit future career growth and opportunities for innovation and learning.

7. The Concept of Tails in Life and Investing

The discussion introduces the concept of tails, or long-tail events, which are rare but have significant impacts. Morgan explains that in both life and investing, a small number of events or investments often drive the majority of outcomes.

“It's always the case. You see it in business where you take in the United States, there are, you know, thousands of public companies… the huge majority of the value in the US stock market is in like 10 companies.” [24:10]

This concept reinforces the importance of diversification and humility in investing, acknowledging that predicting which specific investments will yield substantial returns is inherently uncertain.

8. Humility and Acceptance of Uncertainty

A recurring theme is the importance of humility in financial endeavors. Morgan emphasizes accepting that the future is unknowable and that attempts to predict it often lead to overconfidence and suboptimal decision-making.

“The only way to prepare for it is to have what feels like too much safety.” [07:28]

He critiques the prevalent mindset of trying to outguess the market or future events, advocating instead for preparing financially through liquidity and conservative investments to withstand unforeseen shocks.

Notable Quotes with Timestamps

• Morgan Housel:

  • “The world hangs by a thread… tiny little know nothing decisions can utterly change the course of your life.” [04:30]
  • “Everything that you thought about risk and uncertainty and stability goes to shit.” [08:32]
  • “Risk is what you don't see.” [07:36]
  • “Invest in preparedness, not in prediction.” [06:06]
  • “Endurance and patience is 99% of what you need as an investor.” [19:22]

• Patrick O'Shaughnessy:

  • “Risk is what you don't see. That was a little bit terrifying.” [07:35]
  • “What is your capital allocation strategy? How do you invest your money? This is, you know, this is the thing people want to know most about you.” [10:09]
  • “The hardest thing to be a great investor is to be able to sit on your hands and do nothing.” [18:45]

Conclusion

The episode underscores the fallacy of seeking simplistic or "clever" financial strategies to outpace the market. Instead, it advocates for a disciplined, patient, and humble approach to investing—prioritizing long-term endurance over short-term gains. Personal anecdotes and real-world examples reinforce the message that success in finance, much like in life, often hinges on resilience and the ability to navigate uncertainties with a steadfast strategy.

Transcript

[Morgan Housel]

So I grew up skiing in Lake Tahoe, California, and I was a competitive ski racer. So all throughout my childhood and teenage years, I skied six days a week, ten months a year, all over the world. And it was great. There are about 12 of us on the Squaw Valley ski team. We had grown up together and we had spent our entire lives together. And When I was 17, this is in 2001, I was skiing with my two, two of my best friends, Brendan Allen and Brian Richmond, and we would ski out of bounds, which is illegal. You're not supposed to do it. We would duck under the rope that says do not cross, and we'd ski out of bounds because that's where a lot of the good ski is. And when we would do this, it would spit us out on this backcountry road. We'd have to hitchhike back. There's no chairlift when you ski out of bounds. You have to hitchhike your way back. So. So we did it. One morning in February 2001, the three of us did it. And when we did it, we triggered a very small avalanche. And I. I remembered it so clearly. Like, I can still feel it. 21 year, 22 years later, I can still feel what it's like. It's the weirdest sensation of that I've had in my life. Because when you get hit by an avalanche, rather than pushing on the snow to gain traction with your, the ground is pushing you. So all of a sudden you're skiing along and you got control, and all of a sudden, boom, you have no control. Everymore, the ground is pushing you around. Probably similar to what it feels like if you're standing on the ground during an earthquake, like the ground's pushing you. But it was a pretty small avalanche, maybe came up to our knees, ended pretty quickly, and we kind of like literally high fived about it at the bottom and went about our day. We get back around to the base lodge, we hitchhiked back, and Brendan and Brian said they wanted to do it again, they wanted to ski again. And I said, hey, for whatever reason, I just didn't want to do it. So I said, hey, rather than hitchhiking back, why don't you guys go do it again and I'll drive my truck around and pick you up? So we said, great. We made our plans, went our separate ways. They went skiing. I went back around to take my boots off and jump in my truck and go pick them up. Twenty, 30 minutes later, I go to pick them up at the pickup spot. And they weren't there. And I knew it only took us a minute to ski down the hill. So 20 minutes later I knew like, they weren't coming. I was not worried. I figured that they had already hitchhike home, but so after, after waiting for another 20 or 30 minutes, I just left and went back to the lodge. I expected them to be there and they weren't. And I still didn't really worry. Like, we didn't have cell phones back then and people were just comfortable being out of touch. If you didn't know where your your buddy was, like, it wasn't that big. It wasn't that big a deal. So we went about the day. I. I started worrying a little bit. I remember I stopped at Brendan's house, inspected him to be there, and he wasn't there either. And I remember calling and leaving a message on his voicemail. And I remember ending the voicemail by saying, I hope you're okay, man. Those are my last words. I remember that very clearly. The day went on and I think at about 4 or 5 o'clock, Brian's mom called me and she said, Brian never showed up for work today. Do you know where he is? And I told her what happened. I said, we skied the backside of Squaw where we'd hitchhike back. I was gonna pick them up, but they never showed up. And I haven't seen them since. And I also remember so clearly Brian's mom saying, oh my God, and hanging up the phone. And that was so like. So it's. Then we started getting worried. We called the police. The police didn't take it very seriously because they thought, ah, they're out at a party. They ran off with a girl for the night, like they weren't worried. But we finally got search and rescue involved and rescuers with probe poles found Brennan and Brian buried under six feet of snow. And they had been killed from a massive avalanche. And so look, I think virtually everyone listening to this, I'm sure you two have lost somebody close to you, somebody that you love. So I know the experience was not unique in that way, but it was the first time that I had experienced loss and it was the first bad thing that had ever happened to me in my life. So it had a big impact on me. And there were a lot of takeaways. I think at the time I didn't have the cognitive tools to piece together what happened or to learn about what happened, like have any sort of takeaways. But as I got older and thought about it, and looking back, I put together all these, like, realizations of what that did to me, how it changed me, and what were some of the lessons from it too. One that I talk about in the book that I think about all the time is my decision to not go with them on a second run was this completely brainless decision. I put no thought into that decision. It was not a cost benefit analysis. I didn't think through it. But it's the most important decision I've ever made in my life. 100% chance if I was with them, I would have died. And I had skied literally thousands of runs with Brendan and Brian. How many times did I deny a second run with them or say, you guys keep going, I'm going to go in almost never. The one time I did it saved my entire life. And so that you really realize that the world hangs by a thread, everybody thinks like, oh, you're going to put a lot of thought into your big decisions to make sure that you're successful in life, where you go to college, what your career is going to be, who you marry, that's all great, but the world hangs by a thread. And there are tiny little know nothing decisions, maybe that you made today of maybe it was wind across the street, maybe it was when to leave to get in your car that can utterly change the course of your life. And so when once you accept that of how much the world hangs by a thread, I think you become much more humble with your willingness to make forecasts about the future, what the economy is going to do, who's going to win the election, what's going to happen in my life, my career, my family's life, we have no clue, we have no idea. Because all we can think about are the big decisions. We cannot piece together the chaos theory of I got in my car at the wrong time, I met the wrong person, or I met the right person, or, you know, I decided not to take a second run. We cannot forecast the impact of those things. And so that had a big impact on me too, of just who are we to fool ourselves? That we can predict the next recession, that we can predict where our careers are going to be in 10 years, that we can predict how long our marriage is going to last, that we can predict how long we're going to live? We can't, nobody can. Because we can't predict how crazy these tiny events can turn into.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

And this comes right back to investing, doesn't it? Because most people that consider themselves to be investors, whether that's just putting A couple of quid into crypto or something else. Engage in the idea that they can predict the future. And this is where it appears that most money is lost.

[Morgan Housel]

Think about the biggest risk to the US economy over the last two generations.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Covid.

[Morgan Housel]

That's one of them. The others would be Pearl Harbor. Okay, 9, 11. Covid. And maybe Lehman Brothers couldn't find a buyer in 2008, which sparked the financial crisis of 2008. Those are the biggest risks by far. And the common denominator of every one of those stories is that nobody saw them coming. They were not in any newspaper before they happened. They were not in any economic outlook. Nobody was going on TV warning you that this was coming. The common denominator of those is that they did all of their damage in two seconds. And that would be the case going forward. You can guarantee that the biggest news story and the biggest risk over the next year or the next 10 years of our life, whatever it is, is something that nobody's talking about today that you and I have can't even fathom because it's always been like that. There's never been a time when the biggest news story was foreseeable. And it's all. And it'll be like that going forward. So that's another. Just like embracing how fragile the world is. There's a great quote from a financial advisor who I really admire, named Carl Richards, and he says risk is what's left over when you think you've thought of everything. You can go out of your way to think about all of the risks that are in your life and, like, great. And like, how you're going to prevent them. Great. That's a good thing to do. When you're done with that exercise. What's left over that you're not thinking about is what risk actually is. It's like, by definition, we can never plan or even imagine what the biggest risks in our life are going to be.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

You say that in same as ever. You say, I think, that the chapter title is Risk is the things you can't see or something.

[Morgan Housel]

Risk is what you don't see.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Risk is what you don't see. That was a little bit terrifying.

[Morgan Housel]

It's true. And I think sometimes you can phrase it as terrifying. It's also kind of relieving that. Why are you going to put so much effort into trying to predict what the stock market's going to do next, what the economy is going to do next? Why are you building a forecasting model to figure out what the economy is going to do over the next 10 years. When you look at the last 10 or 20 years, how could you ever predict 9, 11, or Covid and even look like something like Covid? There's like a 2015 Bill Gates TED talk where he talks about the biggest risk to society is a viral pandemic. So it's not that nobody saw that thing coming, but the specifics of when it's going to happen, how bad it's going to be, is it just going to shut down the economy for a week or two years? That is completely impossible.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

But there's also lots of other TED talks that say everything's going to be great.

[Morgan Housel]

Of course.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Of course there's a lot more. So on balance, the world had no idea.

[Morgan Housel]

I think on balance, the world breaks once per decade. Not exactly once per decade, but on average once per decade. Everything that you thought about risk and uncertainty and stability goes to shit.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

So how do I prepare? If risk is what I don't see, how do I prepare?

[Morgan Housel]

There's another great quote from Nassim Talib that I like where he says, invest in preparedness, not in prediction. So rather than going out of your way to be like, here's what I think is going to happen in crypto, here's what I think is going to happen in the stock market. Just make sure that you have a big enough buffer in your finances. Cash, liquidity, being scared of debt, so that no matter what happens, you're. You at least have a fighting chance of enduring it and making through. One thing I've. I've often thought about is that you should have enough cash in your investing portfolio. The amount of cash you should have should feel like it's too much. It should feel. It should make you wince a little bit. Because if you only have enough cash to put up with the risks that you can envision and the risks that you can foresee, you're going to miss a surprise every single time. Every single surprise is going to be a surprise to you. But if you feel like you have too much cash, then at least you have a fighting chance of putting up with the 9, 11, the COVID the Pearl harbor, whatever it might be. So when people look at my asset allocation, my investments, a lot of people look at it and say, you seem really conservative. Why do you have this much cash? What are you saving for? And my answer is always, I don't know. I have no idea what I'm saving for. Who are we to assume that we can predict the risks that are going to be in our own Personal lives and throughout the broader world, nobody can do it. The only way to prepare for it is to have what feels like too much safety.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

What is your capital allocation strategy? How do you invest your money? This is, you know, this is the thing people want to know most about you.

[Morgan Housel]

I keep it as painfully simple as I possibly can. So literally my entire net worth is cash, a house and index funds and some shares of Markel or I'm on the board of directors and that's it. There's nothing else. My entire. I can summarize everything so easily and so cleanly and truly, that's it. And it's not even like I have 20 bank accounts. I have one bank account, one brokerage account and a house. And that's it. So simple.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Why? Why index funds? You're the reason I. Your capital allocation strategy is almost identical to mine. I want to talk about the housing as well, but after reading your book, I stopped trying to pick stocks and I invested all of my available capital into index funds outside of investing in starting companies. So I'm a shareholder in, I don't know, 50, 60, 70 companies. I. All my other available capital is invested in index funds. And then I have a very long standing large position in Ethereum, which I've held for like six years or something, which has done me very well. Yeah, that is it. And the Ethereum investment is also based on the fact that I run a software business that is in blockchain and I could see that developers are building on top of Ethereum more than any other blockchain. So that insight was really beneficial to me.

[Morgan Housel]

And six years. So even with the big fall over the last two years, you're still up a lot.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Yeah. I think your book taught me that successful investing is when you lose the password to your investment account.

[Morgan Housel]

Yes, that's exactly it.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

I don't actually think you said that in there, but that's like when I lose the password to my investment account. So proud of myself because it means I haven't checked it in forever. And so it was funny because you were coming today, I thought, oh yeah, well, I have all this money in these index funds, I'll check it. And I thought, I don't know the password.

[Morgan Housel]

Good, that's why you're going to do okay. The reason I do this, what's important is that I am not one of the people who says nobody can beat the market, so therefore use index funds. That's not what I believe. I think it's extremely hard to beat the market and very few People will do it, but I think there are really smart people who can do it and people who I know who I could invest with. The reason I don't is not because I don't believe it can be done. It's because the variable that I want to maximize for in my investments is endurance. If I can just earn average returns for an above average period of time, it's going to lead to amount of success that will literally put you in the top 5% of investors. My parents are a great example of this. My parents are smart people, but they really have no financial background and they have like minimal financial interest I would say. But they have dollar cost average into index funds for going on 40 years now. And literally if you look at the returns, they've never sold anything ever. And literally, if you look at the returns, they'd probably be in the top 3% of professional investors.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

What is, for anyone that doesn't know what is dollar cost averaging and what is an index fund?

[Morgan Housel]

Dollar cost averaging means you buy the same dollar amount of investments every single month, come hell or high water. Doesn't matter what the stock market's doing. Recession, boom, bust, you say, I'm going to put $100 or whatever it is in the stock market on the 1st of every month. Now most people who like have a 401k at work are doing this whether they know it or not. They have $100 or whatever removed from every paycheck and it goes into the funds that they own and they don't have to do anything. Whether you know it or not, you're actually doing it. The contrast to that would say I'm going to buy and sell based off of how I feel in the stock market. I wake up, I watch cnbc, I decided to sell and I'm going to put it back in when I feel better about the market. It's the contrast to that an index fund is just a sing that owns hundreds or thousands of stocks within it. And if it's diverse enough, if it's big enough, really what you're doing is you're owning a slice of the global economy, which is how I think about it, it's thousands of individual stocks in there, Tesla, Apple, whatever it would be. But really what you're doing is you're owning a slice of capitalism.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

If I was your son and I said, dad, prove to me that that's a better long term wealth creation strategy than buying crypto or buying companies that I use or like, how would you explain that to your, to your kid?

[Morgan Housel]

Your ability to do well over the next one year or five years is going to have no role whatsoever on your lifetime ability to generate wealth. All that's going to matter is not what are the best returns you can earn. All that matters are is what are the returns that you can sustain for the longest period of time. All that matters is your endurance. It doesn't matter if you can double your money this year or even double your money again the next year. All that matters is can you stick and keep it going for 50 years. That's where compounding comes from.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Prove it all.

[Morgan Housel]

Because the formula for compounding is returns to the power of time. That's not quite it, but like more or less, that's it. So in that equation, if you understand the math, all of the heavy lifting comes from the exponent.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Prove it.

[Morgan Housel]

Because that's how exponential growth works. That's how it works. It's literally exponential.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Give me a case study where someone has followed that strategy and done well.

[Morgan Housel]

Okay, here's one way to explain it that I use in the book. 99% of Warren Buffett's net worth was accumulated after his 60th birthday. After he turned 60 years old. 99% of his wealth, Jesus, has been accumulated after that period. Because the longer you hold that 4, the crazier the numbers get. When he was 60, I think he was worth about $3 billion, a lot of money. Multi billionaire. But now that he's 90, he's worth over $100 billion. And he's given like 100 billion away to charity. So if he didn't do that, he'd be worth, he'd go from 3 billion to 200 billion since he's been 60. Because the numbers just get crazier. At that point he's worth a hundred billion dollars. So if, if his market, if his net worth goes up 10% in one year, he makes $10 billion, which is three times that he was worth when he was 60. So that's. When you look at somebody like Buffett, is he a great investor? Is he a great stock picker? Of course. But the real secret to his success is that he's been a good investor for 80 years. And if he had retired at age 60 or at age 50, nobody would have ever heard of him. He would have been like one of the other multi billionaires who lives in Florida and plays golf. And like you've never heard of him. The reason he's a household name is because he's been doing this non stop since he's, since he's been 11 years old and he's never stopped. It's just the endurance that's made him so wealthy, not necessarily the annual returns.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Patience. It's a difficult thing. It also reminds me of the story that you talk about in the introduction of your book about the janitor, Ronald James Reed.

[Morgan Housel]

Yeah.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Who when he died in 2014, age 92, had a net worth of over 8 million.

[Morgan Housel]

And he was a janitor.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

How did he do that?

[Morgan Housel]

He took what very little money he could save from his job as a janitor mopping floors at the gas station. He put it in stocks and he left it alone for 70 years. And that's it. That's all you need. That's all you need to do. If you have endurance in your investing and you can keep it going for years or decades, you don't need to be a genius stock picker. And not only do you not need to do it, if you have endurance, you're going to be literally 97 or 99% of the genius stock pickers. And what's so interesting about it is, like, picking the right stocks is hard. It's supposed to be hard. There's no world in which everybody who tries to beat the market is going to do it. Of course it's hard. Just like being an NBA player is hard and. But having endurance is, like, largely in your control. It's so much easier to just be patient than it is to pick the right stocks every single day. And I think some people, nature nurture, some people, like probably Ronald Reed and my parents, just understand it naturally. It's not hard for them to be patient. But do like, there are professional investors who work 80 hours a week for 30 years to try to beat the market, and they can't do it. Not only some. That explains, like, most of them, and even the ones who can do it are maybe going to beat the market by half a percent per year, 1% per year. But if you can have endurance, that is. That's a bigger benefit than you can have by even being like a very successful stock picker. Like somebody who outperforms the market by 1 percentage point per year and they can do that for 10 years. That's amazing. That's like Mount Rushmore investor. But somebody who earns average returns and does it for 20 years is going to have way more money. You do it for 30 years, you're going to be filthy rich. You'd be like Ronald Reed. You can be a janitor who leaves $8 million to charity when you die.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

You've spoken about a few of the skills that are required for making money. The one that really stuck out to me that you've discussed so far is this idea of endurance, patience. Regardless of what's happening in the markets, regardless of the volatility, lose your password and sit on your hands. Just on that point as well. I remember reading somewhere, it might have even been your book. It's so crazy because the things that I know about money, I can't remember where I've got them from, but most of them came from this book. Most of the principles came from this book. And one of the things that I read was that Warren Buffett would go like 5 years without allocating capital. And this quote where he said the hardest thing to be a great investor is to be able to sit on your hands and do nothing.

[Morgan Housel]

Sit on your ass and do nothing. That's it. That's a Munger quote. And that's what they're doing right now. Right now. Berkshire Hathaway, which is Warren Buffett's company, has like $150 billion of cash right now. And that's their entire 60 year history of Warren Buffett and Berkshire Hathaway is build up a shitload of cash, wait 10 years for an opportunity, deploy it all, and then go back to waiting and building up cash.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Crazy.

[Morgan Housel]

And that's, that's, that's how they've done it. Good opportunities are rare. Of course they are. They should be rare. It shouldn't be that anybody can just open up their stock account and find the opportunity of a lifetime. What are the gonna come once a decade?

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

What are the other skills then? Endurance. Patience. To create, to get money for the.

[Morgan Housel]

For the ordinary person. Endurance and patience is 99% of what you need as an investor. Because the opportunities there to invest in a low cost index fund are available for everybody.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

And you can do that from your phone.

[Morgan Housel]

Like you do it from your phone, Open up a Robinhood account, buy some index funds. Anybody can do that. And so that, and that was not always the case. It used to be like 20 years ago that the only people who could invest were people who had a lot of money and could afford a broker and had connection to a broker.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

And you had to like make a phone call.

[Morgan Housel]

To make a phone call, you had to know a guy and even then you were going to pay a ridiculous fee to that person.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

No pieces of paper and all kinds.

[Morgan Housel]

It was a joke. And that's 20 years ago. It's not that long ago. So I think people aren't grateful enough or appreciative enough of how much things have changed that open up those opportunities for everybody.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

You talk about the skill of keeping money, which is different from the skill of getting money, is predicated on survival.

[Morgan Housel]

Financial survival, and just putting up with all the unpredictable nonsense that's going to happen between now and the end of your life. And we talked earlier about the surprises. Pearl Harbor, 9, 11, all these big surprises, just. It's just your ability to endure things like that that's going to be literally 90% of your financial success and your investing success. So gaining money is like being an optimist and taking a risk, like being optimistic about yourself, swinging for the fences. You need that to get rich. Staying rich is like the exact opposite. You need a level of being conservative. You need to be scared. You need to be like, acknowledge of all the unknown risks that are in front of us and have a financial allocation and a mindset that's going to allow you to endure them and survive them financially. You need both of those skills at the same time.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

So you, well, Your kid is 20 years old, he's broke. Do you tell him to go and take huge outsized risks? He's not got a family, he's not got a mortgage, he's not got a dog. What advice do you give him at that age to create wealth?

[Morgan Housel]

I would actually say, I think this is a little counterintuitive that when somebody is young, you think you would say you got 50 years in front of you. Swing for the fences, go for it. It's also when your life is the most fragile, it's when you're most likely to be laid off, most likely to change your career, most likely to break up or get divorced, whatever it would be. And so for that, you need quite a bit of financial flexibility, just cash and liquidity. So once you had some level built up, whatever the level might be for a different person, then, like, do something crazy. I also think, like, for careers, some of the best career advice that's maybe not universal, but when you graduate college and you're looking at your career, don't take the safe job, which is usually like the big company, the blue chip company. Go for the weird company. Why go for something crazy? Because when you're older, when you're 40 and you have two kids and a mortgage, you're not going to want to take the weird job. That's when you want the stability. That's when you're probably going to want the job that has good benefits and a stable paycheck because you need that. When you're 22 and you're not tied down by anything, don't go work for Goldman Sachs or Apple or Deloitte or something like that. Go for the weird startup where you like, you're going to learn something completely different.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Linked to that point is, in the weird startup, you're going to be so close to the failure, and failure is the knowledge you're going to learn. So you're going to learn so much.

[Morgan Housel]

And there's so many people who take the blue chip, the safe job out of college and it puts them on a very predictable track. You're going to be an analyst for two years and then if you're good, you'll get promoted to senior analyst and then you'll get promoted to associate. It's like very stable and linear and that's the. Like it's you capping all of your upside. Or if you go for the weird company, you're either going to do one of two things. It's either going to fail and you're going to learn a lot from that, or it's going to take off and you're going to learn a lot from that. And then maybe when you're 40 after going through all that, then you want the stable job at the big company.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

It's interesting, I was thinking, as you're speaking, that the proximity from your desk and the CEOs probably needs to widen over time.

[Morgan Housel]

Yes, I think, I think that's. That's true. Yeah, absolutely. And most people, I think if they, if you do it the other way around or most people would never do it the other round, if you start your career in the stable company, you're probably never going to leave. You're going to get addicted to the nice paycheck, the stable benefits, whatnot, and you're never going to take a risk and do anything else. Maybe that's okay. Maybe for some people's personalities that's exactly what they want. But I think there is a higher level of regret for people that start in a safe company and then they get the golden handcuffs. They can't leave. And by the time they're 40 and they realize that they wanted to work at the crazy company, they can't because they got a mortgage and two kids and they're saving for retirement and they can't take the risk at that level.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Of their life, you introduce this concept of tails, long tails. And this also changed my life, changed my investment strategy, I should probably say. You talk about the example of venture capital, where for every 50 investments that venture capitalists make, statistically, half of them will completely fail. Ten will do okay, and one or two will make huge profits that drive 100% of the fund's returns. Yeah, this is a lesson about investing in finance, but it's also for me, a lesson about life.

[Morgan Housel]

It's always life. Yeah. It applies to everything tails where just a couple of things that happen explain 90 or 99% of what matters. It's always the case. You see it in business where you take in the United States, there are, you know, thousands of public companies that you can buy stock in. But the huge majority of the value in the US stock market is in like 10 companies. Apple, Tesla, Microsoft. So even though you have thousands of companies, 10 of them are the ones that really matter and are going to drive all of the returns over time.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

So why don't you just buy those 10?

[Morgan Housel]

Because nobody knows what they're going to be. At least in hindsight. That's the argument for owning a thousand of them is. Yet you know that the 10 that are going to be the next big ones are going to be in there.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

All of this is a case for humility. This is honestly what I took away from your book. You're expecting to walk away with tips. All these tips, these tricks, these special ways to make more money than everybody. What I came away with is this one important lesson that I've never been able to unsee, which is, I don't know.

[Morgan Housel]

I think that's great. And that back to I wrote this book for myself. That's been the biggest lesson for me is not only do I know, but nobody else knows either. Everyone else is bullshitting their way through the investing market too. They don't know either.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

I'm in this crypto chat where one of my friends, I won't disparage him, one of my friends, he's the guy in the chat that's always posting the forecast graphs. You know, those ones where they kind of like the little logger graphs where they forecast where the stock or the.

[Morgan Housel]

Crypto is going, where they think it's going to go.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Right?

[Morgan Housel]

And it's always.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

It's always up and to the right. And it's kind of like male horoscopes. I heard someone say that.

[Morgan Housel]

That's such a great. Yeah, no, I think that's. I think what's closest to investing is something like the horoscope or even if you know it's bullshit, you want to read it.

[Patrick O'Shaughnessy]

Why?

[Morgan Housel]

Because it's comforting. What a lot of people want out of their investing forecasts or whatever it is, is they want to reduce the uncertainty that's giving them stress. Because everyone, I think, intuitively knows that the future in front of us is unknown and it's unknowable. But that hurts. And so if it hurts, you try to reduce that stress by finding someone who says, I do know what's going to happen.