
A fraternity’s budget includes broken windows, liability insurance, chili dog breakfasts, and the occasional $40,000 DJ. Zachary Crockett crashes the party. This episode was originally published on May 12th, 2024.
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Zachary Crockett
Sometimes AT&T business Wireless Connecting changes everything. On the outskirts of the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign campus, you'll find a stately brick mansion built in 1907. The porch is flanked by a pair of ornamental lions painted in gold, and the property's Craftsman architecture has earned it a place in the National Register of Historic Places. But the things that go on inside are a little less dignified.
Chaz (Charlie O'Neill)
We get, like, chili cheese dogs for breakfast. Oh, yeah, just partying. It's a pretty fun time.
Zachary Crockett
That's Anthony Anderson.
Albatross (Anthony Anderson)
Anthony we call Double A. I call him Tross because we called him, like. It was like Double Albatross. I don't even really know where that came from, but I just call him Tross all the time.
Zachary Crockett
And that is Charlie o'. Neill. He has a few nicknames of his own.
Chaz (Charlie O'Neill)
Chuck Chaz.
Albatross (Anthony Anderson)
Yeah, Chaz is definitely stuck. Groeneal is in there. I think that's like my Snapchat username.
Zachary Crockett
Albatross and Chaz are members of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, the country's largest college fraternity. Its purpose, according to its mission statement, is to make its brothers into true gentlemen. Gentlemen who may or may not shatter an occasional window while hosting a rager.
Chaz (Charlie O'Neill)
There's just a lot of things that we don't necessarily break. Other people break when people come over.
Albatross (Anthony Anderson)
Chairs, beds, tables, windows, mirrors. I mean, anything and everything.
Zachary Crockett
And it turns out that all that partying can pay off.
Stephen J. Schmidt
College students who joined fraternities had substantially higher income than those who did not. And this occurs despite the fact that they have lower grade point performance in college. The decision to specialize more in building social capital is probably the right strategy for who they are.
Zachary Crockett
For the Freakonomics radio network, this is the Economics of everyday things. I'm Zachary Crockett. Today, college fraternities. College fraternities are structured kind of like franchises. At the top, There are over 100 national nonprofit organizations. Each one has its own Greek letters, insignia, secret handshake, and set of bylaws. Some are organized around particular religious faiths or professional aspirations, but most are what you'd call social fraternities, the type that throw big rush parties and tailgate at football games. Those national organizations oversee individual chapters, more than 5,500 of them in all, on 800 college campuses around the country. And being a member of one isn't cheap. Fraternity chapters are run by students who are initiated as brothers and assigned roles within the house, like president and treasurer at the Urbana Champaign chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon. Chaz is the head of recruitment and and Albatross helps plan meals. These students are responsible for raising the chapter's funds and managing the budget, which can range from tens of thousands of dollars to over a million dollars a year, which is a lot to ask of frat boys.
Chaz (Charlie O'Neill)
I would definitely say our house is a little disorganized when it comes to those kind of things, so there's definitely a big variety of where money might go.
Albatross (Anthony Anderson)
If I had a great understanding of where all of our money went, you know, I would be very happy.
Zachary Crockett
When a chapter needs help, it often turns to a specialist.
Danielle Logan
I'm Danielle Logan. I'm the owner of Fraternity Management.
Zachary Crockett
Logan offers services like accounting, budgeting, debt collection, and property management to fraternities at the University of Florida. And it's not always a pretty job.
Danielle Logan
When I get a new client and I walk in, it is a huge mess. Usually, I don't know about you, but 19, 20 to 21 year olds managing over a million bucks scares me.
Zachary Crockett
That money comes from dues paid by fraternity members. A brother at the University of Florida might pay around $400 per year directly to the chapter, 200 to the national organization, and $100 or so to the Interfraternity Council or IFC. That's the governing body for all the frats on a campus. They'll pay around $2,000 for meals, $1,500 for maintenance and utilities, and another $1,500 in social and activity fees. That's almost six grand. And it doesn't include rent for those who live in the house. Some frat houses are owned by the university or by individual landlords, but it's also common for properties to be owned by the national fraternity itself through a housing corporation run by alumni in the U.S. fraternities collectively own around $3 billion worth of real estate. All those mortgage payments and property taxes are covered by the fraternity brothers who live there.
Danielle Logan
The chapter has to pay rent to the housing corporation, no matter how many guys are living in the house or not. So it's in their best interest to fill the house and make sure that they have enough rent.
Zachary Crockett
Albatross says that his total cost to be a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon at the University of Illinois is runs around $15,000 a year. And if a fellow brother doesn't fork over his share of the costs, others in the house might take vigilante action.
Chaz (Charlie O'Neill)
Just do things like go to their dorm room and take their Xbox. You know, kind of hold that hostage until they pay it, like, things like that. Or just like, you know, every time you see someone at an event with a drink, kind of just, like, slap it out of their hand. Be like, oh, sorry, didn't pay for that.
Zachary Crockett
Logan has a more formal approach for dealing with delinquents.
Danielle Logan
We keep new member forms and signed documents. When they join the fraternity, it says, hi, my name is Joe. I agree that I want to be a member of this fraternity. I understand that I'm going to be paying dues my entire undergraduate career, and if I don't pay them, I realize I'm going to get sent to court. So as unfortunate as it is, if they don't pay their debt, we do the same thing that if you didn't pay, you know, any other debt would do. We'd have to send you over to the collections attorney.
Zachary Crockett
Collecting dues from your bros might not be a chill vibe, but it's important, because in a frat house, there are always things to pay for.
Danielle Logan
They punch a hole in the wall. Any houses that have drywall, that drywall gets repaired constantly. Doors get kicked in quite a bit.
Chaz (Charlie O'Neill)
When we came back from winter break, the pipes bursted everywhere, flooded people's rooms. Someone set off a fire extinguisher as well, so that was also a big fee. Things get stolen from our courtyard all the time to, like, speakers. We have tables back there that, you know, go missing if people forget to put them back in.
Zachary Crockett
The biggest expenses, though, are to cover a frat's liabilities. Insurance firms categorize fraternities in the same risk class as toxic waste dumps, carnivals, and amusement parks. There are only a few specialized firms that offer coverage to frats. It's not cheap, and each house has to cover its share.
Danielle Logan
Typically, national organization procures it and then Bills it to the chapters. I've seen them as high as $700 per person per year and as low as $200 per person per year. It depends on how many times they've gotten in trouble, to be honest.
Zachary Crockett
A fraternity is typically required to secure at least a million dollars in coverage to protect the fraternity, individual members, and the university in the event of an accident.
Danielle Logan
So if somebody gets injured, say they're having a party at the fraternity house, and somebody. I had a house that had an inflatable slide, and too many guests were going down the slide at the same time, the slide deflated, and we had a guest that had a severe head injury and had to go to the hospital. In that case, the national organization had the fraternities back. They're going to contact the liability insurance company, make sure that all the documents are turned in, Help be the liaison between the chapter and the insurance provider.
Zachary Crockett
But if a chapter does something especially stupid and illegal, the national chapter will often try to distance itself, and insurance companies may refuse to pay out. Over the past 50 years, hundreds of fraternity members and pledges have been killed or injured during hazing rituals and initiation ceremonies, which often involve heavy drinking. Fraternity members are also three times more likely to commit sexual assault than their peers. And fraternities can be held liable for offenses committed on their premises or at their events. Repeated lawsuits have collectively resulted in tens of millions of dollars in settlements. Fraternities have taken steps to curtail these risks.
Danielle Logan
There used to be six or eight weeks that you could have the men be what were called pledges. And now for many national organizations, they're getting rid of the pledge period altogether. And they're saying, you know, you need to initiate these guys and bring them in as brothers within 48 hours. That's to try to avoid some of these hazing allegations that have come out over the past several years.
Zachary Crockett
Most national organizations also forbid chapters from using dues to pay for alcohol. But frat brothers are resourceful.
Chaz (Charlie O'Neill)
I'd say for the most part. We usually just like kind of do a big slosh. Like everyone puts like $10 together and, you know, then comes a pretty decent amount.
Zachary Crockett
Logan says that after covering its expenses, A well run fraternity should have around $30,000 a year left over. Those funds are discretionary, and social chairs like chaz usually use them for events.
Albatross (Anthony Anderson)
The vast majority of our fun goes toward barn dances, formal, and then if you're familiar with what block is on, every Saturday, we're paired with a sorority. And, you know, paying for block would go toward free Cover at whatever bar.
Zachary Crockett
There's a wide range in what a fraternity's discretionary budget might be.
Danielle Logan
You'll have some fraternities who have a discretionary budget for the entire semester. That's 10 grand. And they'll have to figure out how to have those sorts of parties with that limited amount. I have a fraternity whose social discretionary budget this semester was $138,000.
Zachary Crockett
That kind of money can lead to some questionable decisions.
Danielle Logan
I had a house that spent $40,000 on a DJ to have a party. I'm like, $40,000 is a lot of money, man. Let's not do that again. There are contracts that they'll sign for buses to take them to a big national away game. And so they'll sign these $85,000 contracts for buses and hotels.
Zachary Crockett
But sometimes a fraternity has to spend some money to maintain its place in the hierarchy of Greek life.
Danielle Logan
There definitely is a social order and a social ranking. If a fraternity throws the best parties and has the best homecoming courting and homecoming pair and all of these other sorts of small nuances, the fraternity can kind of change tiers, and that can
Zachary Crockett
extend to its members in their Greek life and in their real life. Later, all that partying, it's a kind of investment.
Stephen J. Schmidt
The decision to join a fraternity is partly a decision to take some time away from your academic work, knowing that this will hurt your grades, but also knowing that the social skills, the social capital that you build will have value.
Zachary Crockett
That's coming up.
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I checked Allstate first and saved hundreds on my car insurance. Really smart. Unfortunately, I didn't check if I left the pizza box on top of my car before driving home. Not smart. Oh, and a semi just turned my deep dish into a thin crust.
Yeah, checking first is smart. So check Allstate first for a quote that could save you hundreds. Potential savings vary subject to terms, conditions, and availability. Allstate North American Insurance Company and affiliates, Northwark, Illinois. Not every sale happens at the register before AT&T business Wireless. Checking out customers on our mobile POS systems took too long. Basically a staring contest where everyone loses. It's crazy what people will say, during an awkward silence. Now transactions are done before the silence takes hold. That means I can focus on the task at hand and make an extra sale or two. Sometimes I do miss the bonding time.
Zachary Crockett
Sometimes AT&T business Wireless Connecting Changes Everything. The first college fraternity in the United States was established at the College of William and Mary in 1776. It was originally a secret society, and its purpose was to help members form deeper social and professional networks. But the fraternity system we know today didn't really take shape until 50 years later at Union College.
Stephen J. Schmidt
My name is Stephen J. Schmidt, and I am the Kenneth B. Sharp professor of Economics at Union College in Schenectady, New York.
Zachary Crockett
Schmidt's school is often called the mother of fraternities. In the 1820s, it was the birthplace of Kappa Alpha Sigma Phi and Delta Phi, the first modern frats. That heritage is partly what inspired Schmidt and several of his colleagues to write a 2018 paper exploring the economic and academic consequences of the Greek system.
Stephen J. Schmidt
The big question that this paper is about is if you join a fraternity, will that be financially beneficial to you for a prolonged period of time after you graduate the college?
Zachary Crockett
Schmidt surveyed more than 3,700 alumni at a liberal arts college in the Northeast, some of whom were in fraternities and others who were not. He collected data on gpa, income, and a variety of other criteria. He also used a bunch of fancy econometrics to limit selection bias, because it's possible that men who join college fraternities tend to be from wealthier families than those who don't. What Schmidt found was surprising.
Stephen J. Schmidt
The finding is that college students who joined fraternities had substantially higher incomes than those who did not. We find an effect of about 36%, and that this occurs despite the fact that they have lower grade point performance in college. Their grade point averages when they graduate are about 0.25 lower on the traditional 0 to 4 scale. So almost a plus minus of a
Zachary Crockett
grade, that 36% boost in earnings is quite substantial.
Stephen J. Schmidt
If you think of a graduate of a college typically going out and making something like $60,000 a year, then if you get a 36% increase, that's more than $20,000 a year every year for your career. So if you make $20,000 extra a year and you do that for 40 years, that's $800,000. There is an enormous financial incentive to join a fraternity.
Zachary Crockett
Greek members make up less than 3% of the U.S. adult population, yet they've historically accounted for 85% of Fortune 500 executives and 3/4 of U.S. senators. They've made up 85% of Supreme Court justices since 1910. And their representation in Washington doesn't stop there. They even have their own political action committee, dubbed the frat PAC. It's raised millions of dollars over the past 30 years to lobby for pro Greek causes like fewer hazing restrictions and more tax breaks for fraternities. So how is it that fraternity members have amassed so much money, power, and status? Schmidt has a few guesses. The first is that navigating the constant problems that arise in a house with 30 or 40 other people helps them develop soft skills that are highly valued in business and politics.
Stephen J. Schmidt
Are you good at working with other people? Can you get a group of people together to work on a common objective? Those kinds of things don't usually show up in your grade point average.
Zachary Crockett
It could also be that fraternity brothers are just feeding off of each other's shared interests. If you're around a bunch of other guys pursuing a career in banking, you're more likely to pursue that path for yourself. But there's another theory.
Stephen J. Schmidt
Being in a fraternity brings you into a network of other people all across the country, all around the world. These days, when you get into the workforce, that access to that fraternity network may be making you a more valuable employee than you would be otherwise. It may be that the fraternity brother who's giving out the promotion is going to choose someone from his own fraternity rather than someone who is not in a fraternity at all. So there may be some extent to which the gains from the fraternity are not because workers are more productive. Some of it may be redistributing the pie from people who are outside the network to people who are inside the network.
Zachary Crockett
Danielle Logan has witnessed these kinds of hookups firsthand.
Danielle Logan
If you are moving out of state and you say, I am a Delta Tau Delta brother, the national organization holds the list of every brother that was ever initiated in every chapter. And that helps to connect and add that extra layer for interviews and job opportunities. I have students that get jobs just because of their letters. I have two boys. I hope that they will decide that they want to be Greek. They learn so much about running a business, about owning and operating a home, about communication. And then afterwards, they have these lifelong friends and networking opportunities to move forward with.
Zachary Crockett
Chaz is still just a sophomore at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, but he's already reaped professional benefits from the Sigma Alpha Epsilon network. He recently landed an independent internship at IBM for the summer through one of his fraternity brothers.
Albatross (Anthony Anderson)
I mean, I wouldn't have gotten an internship for the summer if it weren't for a senior in SAE who has helped me grow myself a ton professionally. And I think without having the community I have on campus, like, I wouldn't have any direction where to go.
Zachary Crockett
For the most part, he hopes that one day when his early morning chili cheese dogs and late night escapades are a distant memory, he'll return the favor.
Albatross (Anthony Anderson)
Hopefully. Maybe I can see myself in the future coming back, you know, talking to the SAE guys in 2030.
Zachary Crockett
If you were like the CEO of a company someday and a younger SAE brother walked in the door to apply for the job, do you think you'd give him a shot?
Albatross (Anthony Anderson)
Might hit him with our handshake.
Zachary Crockett
For the economics of everyday things. I'm Zachary Crockett. This episode was produced by me and Sarah Lilly and mixed by Jeremy Johnston. We had help from Daniel Moritz Rapson.
Danielle Logan
Most of the members actually hate me. I have a house with a fence right now that has my name spray painted on it.
Zachary Crockett
That's kind of terrifying.
Danielle Logan
Yeah, yeah, it's all good. I can take them.
Zachary Crockett
The Freakonomics Radio Network the Hidden side of everything
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Zachary Crockett
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Host: Zachary Crockett, Freakonomics Network
Date: June 15, 2026
In this episode, Zachary Crockett examines the surprising financial and social dynamics of American college fraternities. From the messy realities of frat house management to billion-dollar real estate holdings and the enduring power of frat networks, Crockett explores what makes fraternities not just social clubs, but economic powerhouses—and why joining one can be a long-term investment, both financial and professional.
This episode reveals how college fraternities operate as intricate economic entities with substantial risks, high operational costs, and surprising financial upside for their members. While portrayed as chaotic, the fraternity experience serves as a powerful social and professional springboard, with alumni networks keeping the Greek advantage alive—sometimes quite literally paying dividends long after graduation.
For listeners curious about the everyday economics hidden in plain sight, this episode is a case study in just how much money, power, and influence flows beneath the surface of Greek life—warts and all.