
Caitriona Perry speaks to President Noboa about the fight against international gangs
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Katrina Perry
Hello, I'm Katrina Perry, the BBC's chief presenter based in Washington D.C. and this is the interview from the BBC World. The best conversations coming out of the BBC people shaping our world from all over the world.
President Daniel Noboa
If you're not a little bit afraid, then you're not paying attention.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
We have never seen a people so united. Do not make that boat crossing.
Katrina Perry
Do not make that journey.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
Being born in America, feeling American, having people treat me like I'm not.
President Daniel Noboa
We're more popular than populism.
Katrina Perry
For this interview I met the President of Ecuador, Daniel Noboa, who was in Washington D.C. for talks with politicians here. Mr. Noboa became Ecuador's youngest leader when he first won the presidency in 2023 at the age of 35. He went on to be re elected last year for following his hardline military crackdown on violent criminal gangs. Human rights groups, though, have warned that these measures could pose risks to civil liberties. Ecuador's location, sandwiched between Colombia and Peru, the world's two largest producers of cocaine, makes it a lucrative location for drug trafficking. Gangs President Noboa has warned about the levels of crime faced in Ecuador, with around 70% of the world's cocaine now flowing through the country's ports. In our conversation, he talks about the issue of safety in Ecuador and he tells me cooperation from other countries is essential in the fight against international crime organizations.
President Daniel Noboa
It is an uphill battle, but it's a battle that we need to, you know, we need to fight it. We need to fight it for our kids, for the future generations. It's a sacrifice. I have a seven year old, a four year old and a two year old and we're being threatened every single week. There's been attempts on my life. But if we don't fight it, we can lose our nation.
Katrina Perry
Welcome to the interview from the BBC World Service with President Daniel Noboa. In a conversation I recorded last week,
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
you declared an internal armed conflict against gangs. How do you respond to critics who say that Ecuador is at risk of becoming militarized as a result?
President Daniel Noboa
Well, first, they're not common gangs. Ecuador's case is not the same as El Salvador or other countries in Central America. These are transnational organizations. Los Choneros, for example, has over 30,000 armed men and women. Los Lobos, 40,000 armed men and women. And they operate in over 30 countries. They export cocaine, they move fentanyl. They are into organ trafficking, human trafficking, illegal mining. This is not common gang behavior. So I think the critics are really misinterpreting what we do in our nation and what these organizations are.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
Are you making the sort of progress, though, where you would hope those temporary measures don't become permanent?
President Daniel Noboa
They shouldn't become permanent. We, this is a war, we will treat it as a war. And the first thing that we want is the war to end. We want peace. We want a better life for our people, especially for our youth. Most homicides are against the youth, against people under 30 years old. And that affects the future. That affects not only your society as a whole, but, you know, the youth, the future labor force. It's a big delay in the progress of a nation. We don't want it to be permanent. We want it to go away as soon as possible. But we need international cooperation for that.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
And how do you draw the line between security and civil liberties? Because there have been some concerns raised by human rights groups, the UN and others about human rights abuses during this period.
President Daniel Noboa
Yes, there's been some concerns. I invite them all to come to Ecuador and to see the reality of what's going on. We had that conversation also with the ambassador In Ecuador, from the UN and from the European Union when we had national strikes and we were able to show that it's also a tool that organized crime uses as a defense method.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
You mentioned international cooperation there. And Ecuador obviously has two neighbors who are the two biggest cocaine producing countries. What sort of international cooperation are you getting in terms of help for you and what you're trying to do?
President Daniel Noboa
We're getting exchange of intelligence reports. But we need more cooperation, especially in the difficult areas. For example, in our northern border with Colombia, Sucumbillos, Carchi and Esmeraldas, the neighbors of these provinces, of our northern provinces are not the Colombian state. They are the guerrillas. They control that area. And we want them to stay away from Ecuadorian territory. At the same time, we need support in port areas like Pozorja or Guayaquil or Puerto Bolivar, where a good percentage of the drugs are being exported and illegal gold is being exported as well. This is a circle of money laundering and crime that needs to be affected or needs to be tackled from different angles. It's not just gang violence or just drug trafficking. These are international crime organizations.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
Do you feel your regional partners are doing enough with you?
President Daniel Noboa
No, with Peru, we have more cooperation. With Colombia, I don't believe they're doing what they should. And that's costing us a lot of money as well to secure the border in the north when they have retreated their own army and their own police.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
And you've recently got a very close relationship with the US on this matter. You did joint operations earlier in the year. How is that proceeding?
President Daniel Noboa
Well, we would like to do more with the U.S. we've informed also the real issues that we have in certain areas and especially the areas that affect our citizens the most. That's our top priority. Our top priority is the Ecuadorian people. And those are the ones that voted for us, and those are the ones that need the results. So we are looking more into more urban and port operations rather than rural operations in the future.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
But does that involve cooperation with the US and joint operations with the us
President Daniel Noboa
With Europol, with the UAE as well, with Japan, with Korea, with not only the US with many nations that trade with Ecuador and that need Ecuador to continue exporting some of our products there and purchasing some of our products and importing them to Ecuador. So they also need a safe Ecuador.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
President Trump and the administration has carried out a number of strikes, obviously on boats in the international waters there. Are you confident that every boat that he has struck is a drug trafficking boat or narco terrorists, as they refer
President Daniel Noboa
to them, I believe they have good intelligence. I would assume that they have the adequate intelligence to make a call like that and to make a decision like that. Our main concern today is inland, is in Guayas, in El oro, in just two provinces. We have 58% of the homicides in a nation. So we need to focus also on ground operations, on de articulating the structures that do the money laundering, that do the storage and that provide weapons and that contaminated neighborhoods and contaminate our youth.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
It's quite the uphill battle. Can you get on top of is
President Daniel Noboa
an uphill battle, but it's a battle that we need to, you know, we need to fight it. We need to fight it for our kids, for the future generations. It's a sacrifice. I have a seven year old, a four year old and a two year old and we're being threatened every single week. The security of my family has been threatened in the past. There's been attempts on my life in the past as well. But if we don't fight it, we can lose our nation.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
And how does that impact you and being president when there are those attacks on you and your family?
President Daniel Noboa
Well, I need to externalize it in a way. Of course if I focus on that, it'll definitely affect me, but I need to continue pushing and continue fighting. And it'll be in the memory of my children, of my grandchildren that what we did was the right thing at the right time.
Katrina Perry
You're listening to the interview from the BBC World Service.
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Katrina Perry
Ecuador's President Daniel Noboa came to meet me at our BBC studios in downtown Washington D.C. for this interview. He's had multiple attempts on his life and receives ongoing threats against his family. For that reason, it's perhaps no surprise that he travels with a large security detail. Around 20 people accompanied him, Secret Service and political advisers. Nevertheless, he bore that pressure lightly, stopping to engage in pleasantries with several members of our production crew. He was secure, perhaps, in the knowledge that his team had spent days securing our bureau, identifying a safe room and easy exit options if needed. An ordinary day in his life, perhaps. An unusual day though, for those in our office building. Okay, let's return to my conversation with President Daniel Noboa.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
Now, you mentioned your kids are so young. You yourself are one of the youngest presidents or world leaders. Does that give you a bit of an edge, do you think? An advantage?
President Daniel Noboa
It gives me an edge in connecting with the youth, but it's also something that makes it difficult because there used to be a ruling class, there used to be a ruling opinion class in our nation. People that were used to being consulted for everything that happened in our country and they're not happy that we skipped three generations and now they have a president that is under 40 making the calls and not asking them for advice or consulting with them. So that's also something that affects on our progress. But change is never easy. Change is complex and you know, one needs to be brave enough to follow through when there's times of change.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
What has surprised you most about the presidency?
President Daniel Noboa
In politics in general, not everyone has good intentions. One would think that if people are serving a country, everyone would have good intentions, but that's not the case. In some cases, people would rather have personal gain and affect their nation than the other way around. We are working hard and affecting our own interests for the benefit of a nation. It's a complete. It's the complete opposite of what has happened in our country for years.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
And when you're trying to effect that change, I mean, you use social media a lot, does that help you get your message across and you know, kind of explain complex ideas and plans in a more tangible and understandable way.
President Daniel Noboa
Yes. And we have to move a lot. We have to go to territory, go to provinces, go to small towns, go to areas where no other president has been present. And that is what makes the difference. To have a direct contact with the people and with the problems that they live on a day to day basis.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
You mentioned the ruling class that had existed in Ecuador. I mean you're obviously from a very famous family yourself, known for the corporation, wealthy. Do you think, do people think that you can understand them given your background and that sort of change that you're trying to bring about?
President Daniel Noboa
Well, people decided twice and they thought and yes, that I could understand what, what has been affecting their lives in the last few years. My father ran for president also several times, but he was also affected by the ruling class at the moment, the political class. Yes, he was a businessman, but that doesn't mean that businessmen are part of the ruling class. Doesn't happen in every nation. I don't think Ecuador is different than most nations. So that helps us connect with people, helps us connect with their fight, with their preoccupations and also with their hope and dreams. Everyone has hopes and dreams.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
And speaking of that and sort of democracy and speaking for the people, I mean there has been a trend into sort of strongman politics across the continent. How do you prevent against that?
President Daniel Noboa
So people were looking for a strong man. People were tired of weak men. The past two presidents weren't considered strong men. People wanted change, people wanted someone that would fight for them and also that would help them achieve their goals, achieve their dreams and that they would someone that would protect them. At the same time, we believe in the separation of power on an independent judicial and on a legislative branch as well. We are strong in Congress and the assembly, but that doesn't mean that we control the assembly and we believe in free elections. Even people need to choose whatever they like and whatever they prefer.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
Are you concerned at all about democracy backsliding across the continent?
President Daniel Noboa
I think there's cycles and it's a response to the failure of democracies in the recent past. But I believe in strong democracies. I believe that democracies with strong foundations can actually achieve success. And that's what we're looking for in our country.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
And apart from the crime and security issues that we've been discussing, of course, a lot of Ecuadorians are living with poverty, inequality, unemployment. Can you address all of that while the crime and the security issue is still so real?
President Daniel Noboa
Yes, that's been part of Our goal at the moment, we're at the lowest level in our poverty index in the history of the country, 21.4%. Last time it was at that level was in 2017. So we've reduced poverty, we've increased consumption, we've increased total sales and revenues, and we have pushed for a dynamic economy at the same time where we're fighting crime, which is very difficult to do both things. Any nation or any government that is looking for deep reforms has a hit at the beginning, at least in consumption. We are growing double digits when it comes to consumption, when it comes to also investment. And we can see it in the numbers. We have record deposits in our banking system. We started with 43 billion, now we're at 64 billion. We have the lowest country risk in almost 10 years. I started with 2000, now 400, the lowest poverty rate in the poverty index. And those numbers are powerful because it means that we're able to fight a war and sustain the economy and grow at a rate that it's important and it's way above average in the region.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
Oil exports, of course, a big part of the economy. Have you been impacted by the global energy crisis at the moment caused by the situation in Iran?
President Daniel Noboa
We've been impacted like everyone, but we are moving towards a more diverse energy sector. We're pushing for more natural gas. At the same time, we're investing in our grid, in our electricity grid. And we need to be cautious in times like these. We need to not affect our people as much. With the increase in. In the cost of living, we have one of the lowest inflations in the continent, lower even than the US being a dollarized economy. And that is because we promote food production, we promote low cost of transport and we promote exports, diversified exports, mainly food,
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
of course, the environment and the Ecuadorian ecosystem. So important as well. Given the geography of your country, can you transition away from fossil fuel dependence?
President Daniel Noboa
We hope so. It's not that easy. It's easier to say it than to actually do it. But we are moving towards that. We're moving into more renewable energy, solar, wind, geothermal, also with the power of our own volcanoes, and in the near future to have nuclear plants as well. We believe that it could help in some regions of the country where there's not that many other options. For example, in St. Helena, your country
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
also is the first in the world with the recent constitution to recognize legally enforceable rights of nature. What concerns do you have for the broader environment in Ecuador?
President Daniel Noboa
Well, we've been working for conservation in Galapagos we have very strict rules, especially on our waters and on the surrounding waters of the Galapagos Islands. And we have blue bonds that we've been issuing for a few years, as well as the largest issuance of green bonds for the conservation of the Amazon, with over 1.1 billion in green bonds there. So we're working towards conservation, but also we can't forget about our urban youth, which is right now the ones that are living in the highest level of poverty, violence and all kinds of issues. So we need to have a balance between true conservation, but also take advantage safely of our resources for the benefit of the people.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
And what do you say to those young people? Because of course, a lot of them are leaving Ecuador as well, aren't they?
President Daniel Noboa
A lot less. A lot less. In the last couple of years, we've come down from over 200,000 people leaving the country to less than 20,000 people are staying. There's more opportunities. We've given incentives also and tax deductions to companies that hire people under 29. And that has increased our employment, especially for young people. These young people in the past didn't have many options. Some of them ended up, unfortunately, with the cartels, and some of them actually ended up dead. Now they have a fighting chance. Now they have an option. Now they have an option to study, an option to work and to have a normal life, to have a family.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
And while you're here in the us are you trying to attract investment into Ecuador? You have the workforce that you mentioned there?
President Daniel Noboa
Yes, I mean, we're working not only with the US but with all nations that would like to invest. We've been working with companies from the uk, especially mining companies and companies that are into energy production as well as the Middle East.
Interviewer (BBC Journalist)
And on that, we've seen China invest a lot in Latin America. How do you balance your relations with Beijing and with Washington?
President Daniel Noboa
Well, we have a good commercial relationship with China. We don't want to depend on any nation, so we keep a balance. Europe, China, the U.S. the Middle east and the rest of South America. Our security partner is the U.S. but our second largest trade partner is China. So we need to keep balance and respect all nations.
Katrina Perry
Thank you for listening to the interview. You'll find more in depth conversations on the interview wherever you get. Your BBC podcasts, including episodes with Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky, author Azar Nafisi and former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard. Until the next time. Bye for now.
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BBC World Service | May 19, 2026
In this episode of The Interview, BBC’s Katrina Perry sits down with Daniel Noboa, President of Ecuador, during his visit to Washington D.C. Noboa, the youngest president in Ecuador’s history, discusses his administration’s ongoing war against powerful criminal gangs, the resulting effects on civil liberties, and the sacrifices personally and nationally being made. The conversation also examines Ecuador’s strategy for international cooperation, its economic reforms, environmental priorities, and challenges of leadership in an era shaped by both violence and political change.
“If you’re not a little bit afraid, then you’re not paying attention.”
— Daniel Noboa [02:01]
“We’re more popular than populism.”
— Daniel Noboa [02:15]
“These are not common gangs...they operate in over 30 countries...This is not common gang behavior.”
— Daniel Noboa [04:15]
“We want it to go away as soon as possible. But we need international cooperation for that.”
— Daniel Noboa [05:44]
“Change is never easy. Change is complex and...one needs to be brave enough to follow through when there’s times of change.”
— Daniel Noboa [14:56]
“Not everyone has good intentions. One would think that if people are serving a country, everyone would have good intentions, but that’s not the case.”
— Daniel Noboa [15:13]
“I believe in strong democracies. I believe that democracies with strong foundations can actually achieve success.”
— Daniel Noboa [18:39]
| Timestamp | Subject/Topic | |------------|-----------------------------------------------------------| | 02:01 | Opening thoughts from Daniel Noboa on fear and leadership | | 03:22 | Personal and family sacrifice in the fight against gangs | | 04:13 | Nature of transnational crime in Ecuador | | 05:03 | War measures and intent for temporariness | | 05:47 | Balancing security and civil liberties | | 06:24 | Call for greater international cooperation | | 07:52 | Critique of regional partners’ (Peru & Colombia) efforts | | 08:55 | On global partnerships and urban focus | | 10:21 | Personal risk and motivation | | 14:13 | Impact of Noboa’s youth, generational change | | 15:13 | Surprises about politics and people’s intentions | | 16:06 | Use of social media and direct outreach | | 17:44 | Facing strongman politics while maintaining democracy | | 19:17 | Economic performance and reforms | | 22:00 | Renewables transition and environmental leadership | | 23:57 | Reversing youth emigration, opportunities for the young | | 24:53 | Investment strategy and partnership balancing |
President Daniel Noboa provides a candid, nuanced view into Ecuador’s fight against global organized crime—a conflict he frames as both a national obligation and personal sacrifice. Underscoring the complexity of security, civil rights, regional politics, and economic resilience, Noboa insists on the primacy of democratic institutions and long-term reform. Highlighting significant social and economic progress, he conveys optimism rooted in confronting hard realities—an approach that marks his distinctive, generational leadership style.