Dan Kennedy (29:45)
So as a journalist, I believe in the value of seeing things myself, seeing things firsthand. And whenever possible, I like to take it to the next level and see if I can also do something with the people I'm writing about, participate for a little while in their lives. I did this with my first book, which is about railroad hobos, with my second, which is about undocumented migrants from Mexico. But the hardest and most intense and stressful of all of these experiences was the almost year I spent as a New York state corrections officer at Sing Sing Prison. So Sing Sing is a hard place to work for a few reasons. One of the reasons is that unlike what you might think from TV, at a maximum security prison, most of the prisoners come out of their cells during the day. And in fact, they spend most of their time moving to places from the mess hall to the gym to the yard to the hospital building to the school. And among that sea of men in green prisoner uniforms, there are little dots of gray with American flags on their shoulder. And those are corrections officers, and they tend to be the rookies who are sent to these most difficult jobs of working with the general population. And being outnumbered is difficult. And then there's another thing that goes on in prisons, at least in New York State, I guess in California, Texas, Florida, Illinois, all these states have a majority of prisoners who are young men of color and a majority of guards who are white like me. And your authority is diminished by a perception that somehow this system is rigged. And even though there are officers of color as well, and at Sing Sing in particular, there are a number of them, including the one who was really my mentor for how to be a good officer. Inmates have noticed the larger picture. And I remember the day one came up and explained it all to me. He said, conover, you know what this is? This is just an update on the plantation. This is the master's house. And in the master's house, you have your field slaves, except slaves wasn't the word he used. And you have your house slaves. And so prisoners like me would be the field slave, and officers, especially officers of color, would be the house slaves. And I said, yeah, yeah, yeah, go tell it to an officer of color bigger than you and say what happens. But he said, the difference really between us is that when the house burns down, the field slave is in some way kind of happy about this, and the house slave is sad. And I said, yeah, okay, whatever. Get back to your cell. Went back to my stressful life of being there amidst prisoners who would challenge me the way they challenge a substitute teacher in a large urban junior high school every day, trying to reset the balance of power a little by bending a rule or by ignoring a rule and seeing what I would do about it. That happened all the time. It's very strange, stressful. You negotiate, you have to argue, you have to stay calm, because that's one of the great values they were taught, taught us at the Corrections academy in Albany. You have to stay calm. And it's a very hard job. It stressed me out. I pray for the end of the day, and I'd be grateful when the week was over. The stress probably reached its peak about six months in, when I was deemed extended, experienced enough to train my own rookie officers. And I remember the day I was supervising a whole floor of prisoners in A block, one of the giant housing blocks at Sing Sing. She was on her own at the end of the gallery, going cell to cell, taking down prisoners names and where they would be found that afternoon in case we needed to locate them, when a prisoner timed his sexual climax to coincide with her arrival right in front of the bars of his cell. And she came down to tell me about this with a look of desolation I have never forgotten. And for the first time, I lost my temper. I went down there and I yelled at him. I told him he was worse than a loser. He was. He was scum, et cetera. You can picture it. And the reason this was a terrible idea is that everyone got really riled up that I was riled up. And as I walked down, still riled up, I grabbed a mirror that had been left illegally on a prisoner's cell bars, but not quickly enough that he was unable to spit on me and connect with my head, connect his fist right there as I went by, and it hurt a little bit. And the humiliation was worse. But I think the very worst part of it, I realized a day or so later when I was thinking back on how I had noticed his arm hanging out of the bars the. As far as it could go, and thought I should grab that and pull as hard as I can and see what damage I can cause. And I was ashamed of that thought. That's not how I was raised. And yet this was the way this research was making me think and act. And I didn't know if I had it in me to make it to the end of a year of this. Was it worth that to write a book? Is it possible some kinds of experience change you in a lasting and wrong way? It was around this time that a prisoner told me, not a prisoner. My fellow officer was telling me about New Year's Eve. I had been thinking, could I last to the end of the year? A year would be a good unit of time in a place that's measured in units of time like that. Wasn't sure I could. He said, you're so lucky you work days, Conover, because at night on New Year's Eve, it's unbelievable. I mean, it's like nowhere else. And I said, well, so what do you mean? And he gave me a few details, but he didn't really want to talk about it. And I really then wanted to be around for that. So I was able to swap shifts through various strategies. And about 10pm on New Year's Eve, I found myself arriving at work, parked down in the lot by the Hudson River. This is right near the Metro north station in Ossining. Sing Sing spans the Metro north tracks. You have to go over the tracks on an old wooden staircase past an 1826 cell block that still stands. The rest of the prison looks almost as old. It's decaying, it leaks. It was briefly condemned before being reopened. And at night it looks even scarier than during the day. The buildings are connected by covered walkways called tunnels. They're not tunnels, but they feel like tunnels. And at night they feel like catacombs. There are little lights in places where they are not useful and there are dark spaces where you wonder who is lurking. And I was getting a little freaked out as I headed to my job in B block, which is where I usually worked, and opened the door and was a little freaked out because during the day this room is like a gymnasium. The sound of doors slamming, slamming, men yelling, radios playing. Even though radios aren't allowed in Sing Sing. How could that be? You walk in, you smell some marijuana in there often, even though that's not allowed. How could that be? Sing Sing's that kind of place. And as I walked in, I took it all in. There's a central structure in a cell block that's the metal cells. Five floors of them, each holding 128 prisoners, all facing outward, whatever, 64 on each side. And over this metal Structure is a brick structure, kind of a shell, like a cover over a stick of butter, with big glass windows. But it was all very dark except for some little lights over the mirrors of prisoners who were. Were still awake and many of them standing at their bars and backlit. It was like looking up at an apartment building. Late, late at night, I walked up to my office, which is a converted cell on the third floor. I was used to having a baton, but at night you don't need a baton because everybody's locked up and your only job is to check to make sure they're breathing every half hour or so. So I did that for half an hour. I paused outside a cell where I heard a voice saying to another, yo, another year, yo, another year, another year closer to home. You heard, yeah, man. And I thought, wow, my friends are making resolutions. And here the passage of a year is, you know, another hash mark on the wall. It was quiet, got to about 11:30. I went downstairs to talk to my friend Green, who's there. He said, it will be starting soon, Conover, in fact, take a look. And behind me, we looked down on the flats between the cell block and the wall, and a little fire had been set. And it reminded me of the day I'd been frisking a cell down there. That's what you do when you suspend that prisoner as drugs. You take him out of it and then your partner goes in and goes through everything, and if there is old junk, you take it out of the cell. Newspapers, magazines, boxes. While we were doing that, we heard all these hoots and hollers and smelled smoke and turned around and this pile of junk was aflame. Somebody had thrown a match on it while we were otherwise engaged. And it's not going to burn down the cell block because it's made out of cement and metal and brick. But it's scary and it's definitely kind of crazy and chaotic. And we put it out, but it reminded me of that. And he said, you know, you better get upstairs now. The officer in charge is going to be calling to give us instructions. And sure enough, I went up, could hear the phone ring on each floor. It got up to me. I said, yeah. And she said, stay in your office. And I said, okay. Why? She said, just stay there. And I tried, I did try to stay in my office. But the fires, just about quarter to midnight, they start getting lit everywhere. Half a dozen down on the flats and on my floor, probably a dozen. Sometimes it's just a smoking roll of toilet paper. Sometimes it's a big box full of newspapers and the smoke was everywhere. The officer downstairs opened the side windows so all the winter air came in to blow it around. But the smoke kept increasing. A fire alarm bell went off and I thought, wow, the fireman actually come in the prison for something like this. But they won't. In fact, the alarm was soon shut off just because it's an annoyance, they decided and kind of reminded me of a nuclear power plant that's having a terrible systems problem. And the technicians decide just to turn off the bells. The smoke increased in quantity and I remembered as the countdown began just before midnight that in fires, that's how people die. They don't get seared or cooked as much as they suffocate. And it was hard to breathe and very frightening. And as the count went down to 17, 16, 15, 14, I thought of the prisoner telling me about the plantation and how the field slaves might feel a little bit happy if the house burned down. But the difference in the situation was that in his story, they were out in the field and tonight they were in the house and they had lit the fires. And as the clock struck midnight and we had a new year, I wondered, how bad do things have to get in a prison before for they're willing to burn down the house with themselves inside. Thanks a lot.