A payment used to begin with a person making a decision: swiping a card, approving a transfer, or authorizing a purchase. Increasingly, that decision is being embedded into software. As programmatic payments become more common—and as agentic AI expands their reach—financial institutions must adapt to a landscape where transactions may be initiated by systems acting on behalf of businesses and consumers.

The opportunity is significant, but so is the challenge of ensuring those systems behave as intended.

In a PaymentsJournal Podcast, FinScan’s Kieran Holland, Global Head of Solutions Engineering, and Chris Ostrowski, Head of Product Management, as well as James Wester, Co-Head of Payments at Javelin Strategy and Research, explored the present and future of programmatic payments—from the rise of automated transactions to the new demands they create for fraud prevention, compliance, and oversight.

A World of Multiple Payments

One reason programmatic payments have become increasingly important is that financial activity is becoming more continuous and embedded into everyday processes. Instead of a handful of large, manually initiated payments, businesses and consumers are relying on a steady stream of smaller, automated transactions triggered by specific events, behaviors, or needs.

“We all want to pay our Netflix subscriptions,” said Holland. “We all want Alexa to go out and buy groceries when we say, ‘Hey Alexa, I’m running low on mangos.’ Programmatic payments is just the background technology that’s driving a more transactional world.”

Digital platforms have also normalized recurring and event-driven payments. Consumers are more comfortable authorizing transactions that occur automatically under specific conditions—whether that means renewing a subscription, purchasing additional credits for an AI platform after reaching a usage threshold, or completing a payment triggered by a predefined event. These experiences have changed consumer expectations around when and how payments can happen, making automated transactions feel like a natural part of everyday digital interactions.

“You have that ability to trigger searches and purchases when that TV you’ve been waiting forever to buy hits that right price point,” said Ostrowski. “It’s similar to the concept within the stock market where you’re waiting for stocks take a certain price and then it executes. That’s very much similar what you’re doing to these programmatic payments in a 24/7/365 economy.”

Moving at Machine Speed

Especially for larger organizations, payments are no longer just financial events. They are increasingly embedded directly into digital platforms and operational systems. When programmatic payments are triggered by events such as a completed transaction or a supply chain milestone, companies can maintain control while automating workflows and allowing money to move at machine speed.

These changes are happening at the consumer level as well. For example, parking apps have become a common frustration for drivers visiting new locations. Many parking lots now require downloading a separate app before a payment can be made.

“I used to have to type my credit card information into each and every single one of these parking apps depending on where I was parking,” said Holland. “I went to the coast and this new parking app said, ‘Do you want to log in with Google?’ Yes. ‘Do you want to authorize a payment through Google Pay?’ Yes, I do.”

“Four hours later, it prompted me: ‘Hey, you’re running low on parking time. Do you want to add some more?’ Yes, done. That’s a really tangible advantage, where I can just delegate it through Google Pay or Apple Pay,” he said.

Fighting Financial Crime & Fraud

Because these payments are completed so quickly—and because many involve relatively small dollar amounts—existing fraud detection and security systems must evolve to identify and mitigate emerging risks.

“Your systems really have to be fine-tuned to detect those risks as they are happening,” said Ostrowski. “You can’t rely on the analysts coming in at 8:00 AM. You have to have the right technology in place, the right monitoring place 24 hours a day, seven days a week to make sure that you are properly evaluating those payments as they flow through.”

Strong guardrails will be essential as these payments evolve. In the traditional payments environment, a consumer whose card information was compromised could typically cancel the card and resolve the issue. Programmatic payments introduce a more complex challenge because transactions may be authorized through automated systems, predefined rules, or software agents acting on a user’s behalf.

“You’ve got an infrastructure where we’re enabling 40 or 50 different vendors to connect and automate things out of your account,” said Holland. “Do we want to use that large hammer to crack a very small nut that one of those 50 vendors is nefariously overcharging you? We’re probably going to be in a situation where there’s a bit of a human learning curve to go through.”

The behavior of AI models differs from the human behavior that fraud detection systems have traditionally been designed to monitor. Those systems will need to learn what normal activity looks like in a world increasingly driven by machine-initiated transactions.

“You have to figure out what the agents are going to do,” said Wester. “The agents aren’t necessarily going to behave in ways that we think are sort of logical or the right way. They’re going to follow patterns that are recognized and all sorts of data and decisions.”

The results of these efforts also need to be auditable. Regulators must be confident that automated decisions are being made in appropriate, transparent, and accountable ways. What are the implications when AI doesn’t behave as intended?

“I’ve run out of toilet tissue twice in the last three weeks,” said Holland. “When I ask the AI agent to order me some new toilet roll from Amazon, it’s ordered me 500 rolls because it tries to be smart. It taken it quite literally that I run out too quick.”

Key Takeaways

Since programmatic payments occur in real time, the tools that support them must operate in real time as well. Whether it’s fraud screening or the onboarding of a newly introduced third-party agent, these capabilities must function at the same speed and scale as the business processes they support.

It’s also vital to understand the underlying data involved and ensure it’s accurate, reliable, and aligned with the organization’s objectives.

“When you take a look at some of the studies that have been done about major corporate AI roll outs, a lot of the time, it’s not that the AI was bad, or that the ultimate business aim was bad,” said Holland. “It’s the data that went into it wasn’t sufficient to give them the outcome they needed.”

Finally, there is a human element to consider. Programmatic payment systems will not operate at their full potential without people who can oversee their performance, provide guidance, and step in when human judgement is required.

“If you’re finding the desired success, you can bring in the people to be able to support it, so you’re not trying to play catch up or having a number of regulatory findings as your examiners come in for the first for the first time,” Ostrowski said.

Holland added: “You want to avoid the AI equivalent of throwing a spaghetti at the wall and seeing what sticks.”

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