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Jeffrey Toobin
This is the Political Scene, a weekly conversation with New Yorker writers and editors about politics. It's Friday, August 11th. I'm Jeffrey Toobin, filling in today for Dorothy Wickenden. The past week has marked an alarming escalation of tensions between the United States and North Korea. Over the weekend, the United Nations Security Council voted unanimously to impose strict new sanctions on Pyongyang. And on Tuesday, President Trump held a press conference from his golf club in New Jersey, where he is vacationing, to discuss the situation.
John Cassidy
North Korea best not make any more threats to the United States. They will be met with fire and fury like the world has never seen.
Jeffrey Toobin
Last night, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, in a rare interview, was asked to clarify the President's remarks.
Rex Tillerson
I think Americans should sleep well at night, have no concerns about this particular rhetoric of the last few days. I think the president, again as Commander in Chief, I think he felt it necessary to issue a very strong statement directly to North Korea. But I think what the President was just reaffirming is the United States has the capability to fully defend itself from any attack and defend our allies, and we will do so.
Jeffrey Toobin
John Cassidy joins me to discuss the Trump administration's apparently mixed messages to Pyongyang and what this means for the country's national security and foreign policy moving forward. Cassidy, welcome.
John Cassidy
Thanks, Jeff. Thanks for inviting me on.
Jeffrey Toobin
Let's start by talking about the President's statement because, you know, I feel like we're going back to the campaign where people were saying, don't take him literally, take him seriously. Let's parse the statement. North Korea best not make any threats to the United States. They will be met with fire and fury like the world has never seen. So let's take the first part of that. Responding to threats had not been American policy towards North Korea, isn't that right?
John Cassidy
Yeah, I mean, that's exactly right, Jeff. All administrations basically going all the way back to the Clinton administration in the 90s, had taken the attitude sort of, you know, North Korea can say anything it wants. It's the actions that count. The US Would respond to any attack, but a threat is a threat, and we're much bigger than them. We don't have to take any notice of just words. He seemed to be saying that the U.S. would, you know, launch nuclear attack just because it was threatened. And that was obviously, if he meant it, a huge change in policy.
Jeffrey Toobin
That's the second part of the sentence. They will be met with fire and fury like the world has never seen.
John Cassidy
The.
Jeffrey Toobin
The world has seen nuclear weapons used by the United States and Hiroshima and Nagasaki. So the implication you're saying was we will respond with our nuclear weapons.
John Cassidy
It wasn't clear that was the problem. It was completely unclear. If you assume that fire and fury in a world like the world has never seen before, that seems to be referring to a large scale nuclear attack. The US Obviously has got the capability to destroy Korea many, many, many times over if it chose to with its nuclear arsenal. So that he seemed to be referring to nuclear weapons. And then the second half of the problem was that he, you know, he seemed to be saying that we might use nuclear weapons in response to a threat. That is what prompted Tillerson and Mattes to come out with sort of clarifying statements later in the day. But the problem was that even they weren't particularly consistent.
Jeffrey Toobin
So Tillerson, we just heard the quote basically says no change, that American policy hasn't changed.
John Cassidy
Right. His message was nothing new here.
Jeffrey Toobin
Right.
John Cassidy
President is just reiterating our existing stance, but using more colorful language because Kim Jong Un wasn't listening to diplomatic language. Tillerson actually said he doesn't seem to understand diplomatic language. This was President Trump talking to him in the language he might understand.
Jeffrey Toobin
Secretary of Defense Mattis also issued a statement where he spoke very specifically about any actions by North Korea will be responded to, not threats.
John Cassidy
That, again, was saying that US Policy hasn't changed. Mattis was, in a way contradicting Trump by saying that we're not responding to threats, we're responding to actual actions. But he also gave the president some cover by using some very sort of aggressive language as well, saying if the North Koreans did take any action, it would lead to the end of the nation. And he sort of converted Trump's fire and fury language into what I called an opposed Pentagon ease. But the crucial distinction was that this U.S. counterattack would come in response to not just a verbal threat, but some actual action on behalf of the North Koreans.
Jeffrey Toobin
Okay, so the President says any threats will be met with fire and fury. After that, North Korea threatens Guam.
John Cassidy
Right.
Jeffrey Toobin
So we haven't seen the fire and fury yet, but why Guam? I mean, how did Guam get into the equation?
John Cassidy
Guam is a big US Base in the Pacific, and it is the home to some B1B bombers, which the US uses to fly over the Korean Peninsula. And the North Koreans don't like that at all. And there was an overflight of Korea on Sunday after the UN Sanctions were introduced, and it seems like the North Korean military were responding to that. And they said there were two different statements. The later one, which is particularly alarming, said that they're going to launch missile tests for missiles in a couple of weeks. These missiles would overfly Japan and then land just 30, 40 miles from Guam. That seems to be North Korea, far from backing down, raising the stakes even further.
Jeffrey Toobin
Okay, we've now more or less completed our close textual analysis of the various statements. John, can you tell me what American policy is currently?
John Cassidy
Well, the Trump administration's official policy was engage in pressure or pressure, and engage the pressure economic through sanctions, which they managed to get through. Actually, a big victory for the Trump administration. They got the Russians and the Chinese to support stronger sanctions at the UN They've been ratcheting up the sort of military pressure with these overflights. And. And in terms of rhetoric as well, obviously saying, you know, things like Trump said the other day. But the other side of this was engagement. There was a sort of olive leaf out there that if North Koreans agreed to halt their missile tests, there would be the offer of negotiations. Trump, you remember, at one point even said he'd be happy to meet with him have a hamburger with him. In fact, he even said it would be an honor to meet King Jong Un at one point. And they were relying on the Chinese to try and effect some changes, too. That policy didn't seem to have much impact. North Koreans have just carried on with their heightened schedule of missile tests. And then a couple of days ago, we got this report from the Washington Post that the Defense Intelligence Agency has concluded that they've already miniaturized a weapon which could be fitted onto an intercontinental ballistic missile that gives them the ability to strike at American cities on the mainland. But still, having said all that, the official US Policy still is pressure and engage. They haven't given up the engagement. And so you saw Tillerson, when he came out, made his statement after Trump statement. He did say, this is all intended to persuade the North Koreans to reconsider the course they're on and move towards dialogue.
Jeffrey Toobin
I think everyone is aware of the incredible difficulties of a military strike. Any sort of American military strike will be met with missiles and artillery raining down on Seoul with catastrophic casualties. All right? So I think everybody's aware of that. But is there something diplomatically or economically or in some other way that the United States and its allies can do that it's not doing?
John Cassidy
That's what's quite strange about this sort of sudden ratcheting up by Trump. They actually did get these new sanctions through the UN On Saturday. The Chinese play a key role here because it seems like the Chinese have played a key role over the last few years in procuring a lot of the advanced technology which the North Koreans have used to build those missiles. And the problems with previous sanctions is the Chinese basically didn't go along with them. So it didn't have much impact. What was new here over the weekend was, and Tillerson again made a big deal of this, was that the Chinese and the Russians agreed to vote with the US in imposing stricter sanctions. So you would think the logical thing to do after you've done that would be to give the sanctions at least some time to work. And that's what I think the Chinese and the Russians were inspecting. So what you've seen the last couple of days, a lot of anger and sort of mystification in the Far east about Trump's statement, because it looked like the US Policy was actually succeeding to some extent. But Trump has sort of jumped off that track and got into a sort of verbal escalation.
David Remnick
Right now, we are living through some of the most tumultuous political times our country has ever known. I'm David Remnick and each week on the New Yorker Radio Hour, I'll try to make sense of what's happening alongside politicians and thinkers like Cory Booker, Nancy Pelosi, Liz Cheney, Tim Waltz, Ketanji Brown Jackson, Newt Gingrich, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Charlemagne, tha God, and so many more. That's all on the New Yorker Radio Hour. Wherever you listen to podcasts.
Jeffrey Toobin
One of the questions that always comes up with North Korea. I mean, they are of course infamous for their rhetoric and Kim Jong Un is very young. What's his goal here? What's he trying to accomplish?
John Cassidy
I mean, obviously I don't know Kim Jong Un. What I do know that the people who follow this closely, diplomats, US Diplomats, and especially Chinese diplomats, they think this is a deliberate strategy. And the idea is that they just kind of carry on their own way, do everything they can to get a limited nuclear arsenal, establish a deterrent, and that will solidify the regime and make it absolutely clear that nobody can come in and take him down and that they're willing to do anything to do that. If it involves starving the people in Korea, they'll go along with it. If it involves even some limited military conflict, they're willing to go along with that too. And most people think they've actually been pretty successful with this strategy and they've succeeded a lot more rapidly than most Western analysts thought. I mean, the US Response has been the sort of demanding denucleariz and offering various sort of carrots to North Koreans to go along with it. But that policy unfortunately has just failed. The North Koreans didn't take any notice of it. So the big question is now, given that that policy has failed, what do you do? There only seem to be two options. One is to say, okay, we tried, it didn't work. Now we have to accept a nuclear armed North Korea and deal with it like we do with all nuclear armed states through arms control and trying to ensure that they have proper command and control structures, et cetera, so that proper communication. So there is no sort accidental nuclear incident. And a lot of experts in the field think that's where we're going to end up, that we don't have any choice, we're going to go down that path. The other option is to say, okay, We've still got 12 months or maybe six months or whatever. There's still room for a sort of last minute intervention which either would work because they would agree to stop their armament regime. I don't think that's going to happen. Or some sort of military action to stop them. The problem is it's very hard to see what sort of military action would be effective, at least without causing enormous casualties in South Korea and possibly Japan as well.
Jeffrey Toobin
One fact that's hovering over this story is that the State Department is very shorthanded. There's no assistant secretary for East Asia. There's no ambassador to South Korea. The senior diplomat in Beijing resigned in protest over the withdrawal from the Paris climate accord. Do you think that has any relevance to how this is all unfolding?
John Cassidy
I think in the US Government as a whole, there are still a lot of people who understand what's going on here and have been following it closely in the Pentagon, the State Department, and even the National Security Council. I think the larger question is whether, you know, who's Trump listening to? Is he listening to the voices who are saying, we've tried this policy and it's failed. I'm afraid we're just going to have to accept a sort of nuclear career, or is he, our people, the military especially, telling him, Look, Mr. President, there are still some options here, military options we could take, and it's at least, you know, worth going further down that route. That's what's not clear from the outside. If you listen to Mattis, for example, a couple of months ago, he gave that speech in which he said any conflict in the Korean Peninsula would be absolutely catastrophic and would be warfare on a scale that we've never seen before. Which, you know, that seemed to be suggesting that he was completely ruling it out as an option. But what he said yesterday about the US Wiping north, not destroying the regime and the people, et cetera, if there is an attack, that seems a lot more, somewhat more ominous. I mean, as I said, whether that was just meant to back up Trump or whether it was marked a change in US Policy, it's just not clear at this stage.
Jeffrey Toobin
And likewise, I assume it's not clear what precisely Trump was trying to accomplish with this very inflammatory statement.
John Cassidy
There's been various bits of reporting out of the White House on this. Initially, it seemed like he just sort of said it off the top of his head, that he hadn't discussed it with anybody else. That was one of the bizarre things about this incident. He gave this very bellicose, militaristic statement at a summit on opioid addiction during his summer vacation, seated next to his.
Jeffrey Toobin
Wife and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, which made the whole thing look sort of surreal.
John Cassidy
Yeah, exactly. It seemed to come out of nowhere. Subsequently has been reported that he did speak with former General Kelly, the new chief of staff. A short conversation, maybe, about how they'd respond to questions about Korea, because they knew they were doing a press availability. The understanding was that Trump would say something sort of firm, but I don't think Kelly or anybody else expected him to go this far. There are even some speculation that he'd been using similar language in other contexts, and he didn't really mean what he said or he didn't really know what he was saying. That's the problem with Trump. You never know for sure. He's actually come out again on Thursday afternoon and defended his own statement in another press available at the White House, saying maybe the problem with it was it wasn't tough enough. So, you know, he never admits that he's wrong.
Jeffrey Toobin
And toughness is, you know, one of the cardinal virtues in the way Trump talks. The other possibility which has been raised is, you know, before we conclude, we can't ever let a week go by without talking about Russia and the investigation. Do you think this was an intentional attempt to distract.
John Cassidy
That question is always there with Trump, obviously, and he certainly think a lot of his tweets about various things are attempted distractions. On this one, though, I don't know. There hasn't been any sort of independent reporting power of the White House supporting that. You never know what Trump's motives are at any one time. If he was aiming to do that, he certainly was effective. But it only worked for a day, because the day later, the news that the FBI had raided Manafort's house was all over the place. So I think even Trump at this stage must realize that he can't knock the Russia story completely off the headlines. And the fact is, the North Korean issue is a really serious, pressing issue, and he's going to be asked about it every time he appears anywhere.
Jeffrey Toobin
Okay, John, where do we go from here on North Korea? What happens now?
John Cassidy
Well, it looks like, you know, everything's heading towards Guam. The North Koreans have issued this statement you mentioned, saying that they're going to fire some intercontinental ballistic missiles towards the island in a couple of weeks. At the same time, the US Is going to be conducting its annual military exercises off Korea. So I think we're going to have a couple of very hot weeks, unfortunately, coming up, in which the rhetoric. I know it's already very hot, but it may get even hotter. The big question is if the North Koreans, I'm sure the US Administration, Japan, has already said that if they do launch these missiles, they wouldn't have a warhead. On? We don't think so. They're not going to blow these things up. If they fire it over Japan, they're going to respond in a strong way. The Japanese already said that today.
Jeffrey Toobin
What does that mean?
John Cassidy
Well, we don't know. Yeah, they have anti missile systems which they could, they could try and shoot one down, for example. The US hasn't really said anything yet about how it would respond to it, but the US Also has extensive anti missile systems on Guam itself and they have battleships in the area which are even more effective anti missile systems. So a lot of people think the US Would try and shoot down. Problem is it might not work. These anti missile systems are still basically in the testing stage, so it could be that the US Fire up these anti missile missiles and they miss and that would be seen as a great victory for Kim Jong Un and the North Koreans, I think. But anyway, this story is going to continue for at least a couple of weeks until we get these military exercises and the North Korean threat to Guam out of the way.
Jeffrey Toobin
John Cassidy, thank you very much.
John Cassidy
Thanks Jeff. Sorry for being so depressing, but it's a pretty depressing story like so many.
Jeffrey Toobin
John Cassidy is a staff writer and a regular political columnist for newyorker.com this has been the political scene from the New Yorker. You can subscribe to this and other New Yorker podcasts by searching for the New Yorker in your podcast app of choice. And you can find more political analysis, analysis and commentaryewyorker.com Feel free to rate and review the political scene on itunes. This podcast is produced by Alex barron for new yorker.com with help from Hannah Wilentz. I'm Jeffrey Toobin, filling in for Dorothy Wickenden. We'll be off next week, returning the week of August 21st.
John Cassidy
Foreign.
Katie Drummond
I'm Katie Drummond. I'm Wired's global editorial director.
Jeffrey Toobin
I'm Michael Colory, Wired's director of consumer, Tech and Culture.
John Cassidy
And I'm Lauren Good.
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John Cassidy
From PRX.
Date: August 11, 2017
Host: Jeffrey Toobin
Guest: John Cassidy (New Yorker Staff Writer)
This episode addresses the dramatic escalation of tensions between the United States and North Korea during the summer of 2017. After President Trump's warning of “fire and fury like the world has never seen,” New Yorker staff writers Jeffrey Toobin and John Cassidy break down what these statements mean for U.S. foreign policy, the risks of military conflict, and the broader implications for global security.
[01:48–04:49]
[04:49–06:08]
[06:08–07:14]
[07:25–08:56]
[08:56–09:25]
[09:25–10:27]
[10:58–13:12]
[13:12–13:34]
[14:44–16:25]
Why Such Inflammatory Language?
Distraction from Russia?
[17:14–18:59]
| Time | Topic/Quote | |-----------|----------------------------------------------------------| | 01:48-04:49 | Parsing Trump's “fire and fury” threat | | 04:49-06:08 | Tillerson/Mattis responses, official policy confusion | | 06:08-07:14 | North Korea’s Guam threat | | 07:25-08:56 | U.S. pressure-and-engage policy | | 08:56-09:25 | Military options and risks explained | | 09:25-10:27 | Sanctions, China's role | | 10:58-13:12 | Kim Jong Un’s goals and North Korea’s strategy | | 13:12-13:34 | State Department vacancies and policy impact | | 14:44-16:25 | Trump's motivations and communication style | | 17:14-18:59 | What’s next: Guam, Japan, risk of escalation |
This episode highlights the volatility of U.S.–North Korea relations during a period of brinkmanship, focusing on the uncertainty introduced by Trump's rhetoric, the danger of misunderstandings, the enduring risks of military action, and the ongoing challenge of constraining North Korea’s nuclear ambitions. With strong analysis and clear-eyed context, Toobin and Cassidy deliver a sober warning about the risks of escalation and underscore the difficulties facing U.S. policymakers as they try to navigate these perilous waters.