567. NDT or T4/T3? Breaking Down the Thyroid Medication Debate

The Thyroid Fixer Podcast

Host: Dr. Amie Hornaman
Episode 567: NDT or T4/T3? Breaking Down the Thyroid Medication Debate
Date: October 7, 2025

Episode Overview

Dr. Amie Hornaman, functional medicine practitioner and thyroid specialist, delivers a comprehensive, candid, and nuanced breakdown of the ongoing debate in thyroid medication: Natural Desiccated Thyroid (NDT) versus synthetic T4/T3 treatments. The episode is aimed at listeners struggling with hypothyroidism, particularly women in perimenopause or menopause, but the key insights are relevant to anyone navigating thyroid treatment. Dr. Amie emphasizes that there is no one-size-fits-all approach—optimal thyroid health requires individualized, flexible protocols based on each patient’s unique body and symptoms.

Key Discussion Points & Insights

1. The Foundation: There’s No One-Size-Fits-All

[05:25] Dr. Amie consistently underscores that the best thyroid medication is “the one that works for you, in the combination that works for you, and at the dose that works for you.”
Every patient is unique; treatment must be “nuanced” and tailored to individual needs.

“Ultimately, the best thyroid hormone treatment that you can be on… is the one that works for you and the combination that works for you and the dose that works for you.” – Dr. Amie Hornaman [00:00]

2. Understanding Medication Categories and Formulas

Natural Desiccated Thyroid (NDT)

[12:05] NDT is always sourced from pig thyroid glands. Brands include Armour (brand), NP (generic), and Ren (newer brand).
All NDTs have a consistent hormone ratio: 80% T4 and 20% T3.
FDA scrutiny and uncertainty around the future availability of glandular-based therapies, but Dr. Amie expects some to remain.

“All NDT medications… are 80% T4 and 20% T3. If you don’t convert well, that’s not going to be the right medication for you.” [19:02]

Brand vs Generic: Armour is often more expensive and less likely to be covered by insurance; NP is generic and often covered.
Sensitivity: Some patients tolerate one brand better due to filler differences.

On "Natural" Label

Despite "natural" branding, NDTs are manufactured by pharmaceutical companies, just like synthetic drugs.

“Just because it has ‘natural’ in the title does not mean that it’s better for you.” [30:00]

3. Personalization, Add-ons, and Ratio Tweaks

[21:30] Personalization may mean adding T3 to NDT (“changing the ratio”) for patients needing more free T3.
A static 80/20 ratio doesn’t suit everyone; some do better on higher T3 proportions.

“Instead of you being stuck at an 80/20 ratio for NDT, you add in some T3, and now it’s like 60/40, or it’s 50/50, or it’s 40/60...” [22:20]

4. Hashimoto’s and NDT: Potential Pitfalls

[37:00] NDT could potentially provoke an autoimmune response in Hashimoto’s because it is animal-derived.
Some patients experience a worsening of symptoms as their immune system attacks the pig-derived glandular elements.

“You’re literally taking a dried pig’s thyroid gland in a capsule and your poor body that has Hashimoto’s is thinking like… another invader coming in. Your soldiers are going, ‘Whoa, it’s time for war, guys!’” [38:20]

Other Factors to Consider

Dosage might be too low (especially T3).
Excess T4 can drive up reverse T3, worsening hypo symptoms.
The medication itself might incite an autoimmune flare.

5. T4 Medications: Brand, Generic, and “Purity” Choices

[49:25] Levothyroxine (Levo) is generic; Synthroid is a step up (brand); Tirosint and Tirosint-Sol are even “cleaner” (fewer fillers), with Tirosint-Sol as a pure liquid, filler-free option.
Dr. Amie acknowledges budget constraints—generic works fine if paired with T3.

“T4 only will never work. I don’t care if you’re on the bright and shiny Tirosint or Tirosint-Sol… if it’s T4 only, you’re stuck. You’re going to be hypo.” [52:17]

Pure versions are particularly recommended for highly sensitive patients, such as those with celiac disease.
Insurance coverage for Tirosint/Tirosint-Sol is rare.

6. T3 Medications: Brand, Generic, Manufacturer Variability

[58:15] Most do better with generic liothyronine (Lyothyronine) compared to brand (Cytomel), partly due to fewer fillers and cost.
Different generic manufacturers (Sun, Greenstone, SigmaPharm) may result in different patient responses, so be vigilant about changes in how your pills look or feel.

“That shift in generic manufacturers can shift your body.” [1:01:15]

7. Compounded Medications

Occasionally more cost-effective for highly sensitive individuals.
Custom formulations possible, but insurance usually doesn’t cover.

8. Patient-Centered Experimental Process

Progress requires trial, error, and close attention to symptoms—not just lab numbers.
Example: Patient thriving on T3-only because of poor conversion and high reverse T3.
Always ask: How do you FEEL?

“None of it matters if you’re not feeling your best… If you’re not feeling your best, something needs to change! We gotta tweak something.” [1:11:55]

9. Knowledge as Empowerment

Dr. Amie encourages listeners to know exactly what they are taking, in what dosage, and how it makes them feel.
The more informed, the better you can advocate for optimal care.

“If I stop you on the street and I say, ‘Alright, Janet, what thyroid medication are you on?’ I want you to be able to say, ‘I’m on Armour 60 twice a day, T3 10 twice a day…’ Beautiful. And how do you feel, Janet? ‘I feel great!’” [1:13:00]

Notable Quotes & Memorable Moments

On Individualization: “Thyroid optimization is a nuanced art.” [08:45]
On Filler Sensitivity: “Sometimes someone can be super, super sensitive to the smallest amount of filler…” [25:15]
On Hashimoto’s & NDT: “We’re literally drying out an invader, putting it in a capsule, and giving it to you—and saying, ‘Here, take this.’” [39:00]
On T4-Only Regimens: “If it’s T4 only, you’re stuck. You’re going to be hypo.” [52:17]
On Manufacturer Changes: “Why am I all of a sudden feeling hyper or hypo? Well—it’s how your body is utilizing that particular generic manufacturer’s T3.” [1:00:50]
On Patient Empowerment: “Knowledge is power. The more I can dump into your brains, the more powerful patient advocate you’ll be.” [1:16:25]

Important Timestamps for Key Segments

05:25: Debunking the “one-size-fits-all” approach
12:05: What is NDT? Brands, generics, and the FDA’s role
21:30: Ratio tinkering—adding T3 to NDT
37:00: Hashimoto’s, molecular mimicry, and autoimmunity concerns
49:25: T4 medication hierarchy: brands, fillers, and sensitivities
58:15: T3 medication: brand vs. generic, manufacturer variability
1:11:55: Symptoms over labs—how to think like a patient and advocate
1:13:00: How to discuss your medication like a pro
1:16:25: Final empowerment message

Tone & Style

Dr. Amie’s language is supportive, relatable, and gently irreverent, combining tough love with real-world experience. She uses analogies (immune system as “soldiers”), practical tips, and repeatedly reminds listeners they are “badass humans” capable of thriving with the right support and knowledge.

Final Thought

Dr. Amie skillfully deconstructs the NDT vs T4/T3 debate, urging listeners to embrace experimentation, personalization, and empowerment. She concludes: “At the end of the day, I want you to be the badass human that you’re meant to be and live your best life.” [1:17:12]

Further Engagement

Join the “Just Fix Your Thyroid” Facebook group for live Q&A, support, and community.

The Thyroid Fixer Podcast

Host: Dr. Amie Hornaman
Episode 567: NDT or T4/T3? Breaking Down the Thyroid Medication Debate
Date: October 7, 2025

Episode Overview

Key Discussion Points & Insights

1. The Foundation: There’s No One-Size-Fits-All

[05:25] Dr. Amie consistently underscores that the best thyroid medication is “the one that works for you, in the combination that works for you, and at the dose that works for you.”
Every patient is unique; treatment must be “nuanced” and tailored to individual needs.

“Ultimately, the best thyroid hormone treatment that you can be on… is the one that works for you and the combination that works for you and the dose that works for you.” – Dr. Amie Hornaman [00:00]

2. Understanding Medication Categories and Formulas

Natural Desiccated Thyroid (NDT)

[12:05] NDT is always sourced from pig thyroid glands. Brands include Armour (brand), NP (generic), and Ren (newer brand).
All NDTs have a consistent hormone ratio: 80% T4 and 20% T3.
FDA scrutiny and uncertainty around the future availability of glandular-based therapies, but Dr. Amie expects some to remain.

“All NDT medications… are 80% T4 and 20% T3. If you don’t convert well, that’s not going to be the right medication for you.” [19:02]

Brand vs Generic: Armour is often more expensive and less likely to be covered by insurance; NP is generic and often covered.
Sensitivity: Some patients tolerate one brand better due to filler differences.

On "Natural" Label

Despite "natural" branding, NDTs are manufactured by pharmaceutical companies, just like synthetic drugs.

“Just because it has ‘natural’ in the title does not mean that it’s better for you.” [30:00]

3. Personalization, Add-ons, and Ratio Tweaks

[21:30] Personalization may mean adding T3 to NDT (“changing the ratio”) for patients needing more free T3.
A static 80/20 ratio doesn’t suit everyone; some do better on higher T3 proportions.

“Instead of you being stuck at an 80/20 ratio for NDT, you add in some T3, and now it’s like 60/40, or it’s 50/50, or it’s 40/60...” [22:20]

4. Hashimoto’s and NDT: Potential Pitfalls

[37:00] NDT could potentially provoke an autoimmune response in Hashimoto’s because it is animal-derived.
Some patients experience a worsening of symptoms as their immune system attacks the pig-derived glandular elements.

“You’re literally taking a dried pig’s thyroid gland in a capsule and your poor body that has Hashimoto’s is thinking like… another invader coming in. Your soldiers are going, ‘Whoa, it’s time for war, guys!’” [38:20]

Other Factors to Consider

Dosage might be too low (especially T3).
Excess T4 can drive up reverse T3, worsening hypo symptoms.
The medication itself might incite an autoimmune flare.

5. T4 Medications: Brand, Generic, and “Purity” Choices

[49:25] Levothyroxine (Levo) is generic; Synthroid is a step up (brand); Tirosint and Tirosint-Sol are even “cleaner” (fewer fillers), with Tirosint-Sol as a pure liquid, filler-free option.
Dr. Amie acknowledges budget constraints—generic works fine if paired with T3.

“T4 only will never work. I don’t care if you’re on the bright and shiny Tirosint or Tirosint-Sol… if it’s T4 only, you’re stuck. You’re going to be hypo.” [52:17]

Pure versions are particularly recommended for highly sensitive patients, such as those with celiac disease.
Insurance coverage for Tirosint/Tirosint-Sol is rare.

6. T3 Medications: Brand, Generic, Manufacturer Variability

[58:15] Most do better with generic liothyronine (Lyothyronine) compared to brand (Cytomel), partly due to fewer fillers and cost.
Different generic manufacturers (Sun, Greenstone, SigmaPharm) may result in different patient responses, so be vigilant about changes in how your pills look or feel.

“That shift in generic manufacturers can shift your body.” [1:01:15]

7. Compounded Medications

Occasionally more cost-effective for highly sensitive individuals.
Custom formulations possible, but insurance usually doesn’t cover.

8. Patient-Centered Experimental Process

Progress requires trial, error, and close attention to symptoms—not just lab numbers.
Example: Patient thriving on T3-only because of poor conversion and high reverse T3.
Always ask: How do you FEEL?

“None of it matters if you’re not feeling your best… If you’re not feeling your best, something needs to change! We gotta tweak something.” [1:11:55]

9. Knowledge as Empowerment

Dr. Amie encourages listeners to know exactly what they are taking, in what dosage, and how it makes them feel.
The more informed, the better you can advocate for optimal care.

“If I stop you on the street and I say, ‘Alright, Janet, what thyroid medication are you on?’ I want you to be able to say, ‘I’m on Armour 60 twice a day, T3 10 twice a day…’ Beautiful. And how do you feel, Janet? ‘I feel great!’” [1:13:00]

Notable Quotes & Memorable Moments

On Individualization: “Thyroid optimization is a nuanced art.” [08:45]
On Filler Sensitivity: “Sometimes someone can be super, super sensitive to the smallest amount of filler…” [25:15]
On Hashimoto’s & NDT: “We’re literally drying out an invader, putting it in a capsule, and giving it to you—and saying, ‘Here, take this.’” [39:00]
On T4-Only Regimens: “If it’s T4 only, you’re stuck. You’re going to be hypo.” [52:17]
On Manufacturer Changes: “Why am I all of a sudden feeling hyper or hypo? Well—it’s how your body is utilizing that particular generic manufacturer’s T3.” [1:00:50]
On Patient Empowerment: “Knowledge is power. The more I can dump into your brains, the more powerful patient advocate you’ll be.” [1:16:25]

Important Timestamps for Key Segments

05:25: Debunking the “one-size-fits-all” approach
12:05: What is NDT? Brands, generics, and the FDA’s role
21:30: Ratio tinkering—adding T3 to NDT
37:00: Hashimoto’s, molecular mimicry, and autoimmunity concerns
49:25: T4 medication hierarchy: brands, fillers, and sensitivities
58:15: T3 medication: brand vs. generic, manufacturer variability
1:11:55: Symptoms over labs—how to think like a patient and advocate
1:13:00: How to discuss your medication like a pro
1:16:25: Final empowerment message

Tone & Style

Final Thought

Further Engagement

Join the “Just Fix Your Thyroid” Facebook group for live Q&A, support, and community.

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Summary

The Thyroid Fixer Podcast

Episode Overview

Key Discussion Points & Insights

1. The Foundation: There’s No One-Size-Fits-All

2. Understanding Medication Categories and Formulas

Natural Desiccated Thyroid (NDT)

On "Natural" Label

3. Personalization, Add-ons, and Ratio Tweaks

4. Hashimoto’s and NDT: Potential Pitfalls

Other Factors to Consider

5. T4 Medications: Brand, Generic, and “Purity” Choices

6. T3 Medications: Brand, Generic, Manufacturer Variability

7. Compounded Medications

8. Patient-Centered Experimental Process

9. Knowledge as Empowerment

Notable Quotes & Memorable Moments

Important Timestamps for Key Segments

Tone & Style

Final Thought

Further Engagement

Summary

The Thyroid Fixer Podcast

Episode Overview

Key Discussion Points & Insights

1. The Foundation: There’s No One-Size-Fits-All

2. Understanding Medication Categories and Formulas

Natural Desiccated Thyroid (NDT)

On "Natural" Label

3. Personalization, Add-ons, and Ratio Tweaks

4. Hashimoto’s and NDT: Potential Pitfalls

Other Factors to Consider

5. T4 Medications: Brand, Generic, and “Purity” Choices

6. T3 Medications: Brand, Generic, Manufacturer Variability

7. Compounded Medications

8. Patient-Centered Experimental Process

9. Knowledge as Empowerment

Notable Quotes & Memorable Moments

Important Timestamps for Key Segments

Tone & Style

Final Thought

Further Engagement