This is History: A Dynasty to Die For

Season 7, Episode 5: It’s a Wonderful Parliament

Release Date: May 27, 2025

Host: Dan Jones

Introduction

In Season 7 of "This is History: A Dynasty to Die For," historian Dan Jones delves into one of the most tumultuous periods of the Plantagenet dynasty. Episode 5, titled "It’s a Wonderful Parliament," explores the precarious reign of the young King Richard II and the internal and external threats that nearly dismantled one of Europe's most powerful families.

1386: England on the Brink

The episode opens in autumn 1386, a time when England is teetering on the edge of disaster. News from across the Channel confirms that the French, under the ambitious King Charles VI, are amassing a formidable invasion force in Flanders, preparing to launch a full-scale assault on England. As Dan Jones narrates:

“It's autumn 1386 and for weeks, news has been filtering across the Channel that the French are planning a full blown invasion of England” ([00:00]).

The English government is in disarray. The royal treasury is empty, the navy is insufficient to counter the French armada, and the ministry is scrambling to assemble an army to defend London. The situation is dire, reminiscent of the darkest days of King John’s reign.

The Wonderful Parliament: A Turning Point

Amidst this crisis, the “Wonderful Parliament” convenes in Westminster in October 1386. Richard II, a 19-year-old boy-king, makes a brief appearance before swiftly retreating to his palace at Eltham to spend time with his royal favorite, Robert de Vere. This negligence ignites panic among his ministers, particularly Chancellor Michael de la Pole, who admits:

“We're screwed and we're broke. Anyone who doesn't want to be wearing a string of garlic bulbs around their neck and singing Frere Jacques by Christmas needs to put his hand in his pocket and stump up for an emergency defence fund” ([04:18]).

Richard’s inability to take decisive action leads Parliament to express immense frustration. The Commons, drawing inspiration from the 1376 impeachment of Edward III’s ministers, move to impeach Chancellor de la Pole and other ministers for their perceived incompetence. Dan Jones highlights Richard's reaction:

“He has a full blown teenage meltdown. Richard sends a message back to Parliament saying they've done him worse than dirty and he will not dismiss so much as a scullion boy from his kitchen on their say so” ([12:50]).

This confrontation marks a significant power shift, with Parliament establishing the Continual Council, led by Bishop Arundel, to oversee government finances and operations.

Internal Struggles and External Threats

The absence of Richard’s uncle, John of Gaunt, who is preoccupied with securing his position in Castile, leaves England vulnerable. The Wonderful Parliament's reforms impose strict financial controls and reject the French’s tentative offers of peace, instead advocating for an aggressive naval strategy to counter the looming invasion.

Despite these efforts, the French fleet remains poised for invasion. By late October 1386, hundreds of ships in Flanders are ready to set sail, but adverse weather conditions and logistical challenges delay the launch. Jones describes the French soldiers' readiness and enthusiasm:

“They sing songs, beat drums and blow trumpets. They check and recheck their gear” ([19:42]).

The delay proves catastrophic for the French plans, as prolonged confinement on ships strains resources and morale. Ultimately, the fleet postpones the invasion, leaving England momentarily safe but politically unstable.

Reforms and Military Victories

With the invasion thwarted for the time being, the Continual Council initiates critical reforms to stabilize the kingdom. They implement austerity measures, curtail the king's expenditures, and eliminate corrupt practices among his favorites. A pivotal moment occurs in the spring of 1387 when Bishop Arundel leads a successful naval campaign:

“He takes out an enemy fleet, capturing 50 ships and burning the main French naval base in Flanders” ([12:50]).

This victory revitalizes English morale and reinforces the effectiveness of the council’s strategies. However, the political tension remains unresolved, particularly between Richard II and the reformist lords.

Richard II’s Continued Struggles

Despite the council’s successes, Richard II remains disgruntled by his diminished authority and the humiliation of the Wonderful Parliament. In the spring of 1387, he abruptly departs Westminster with Robert de Vere, signaling his intent to isolate himself from the governing body. Dan Jones reflects on Richard’s obstinacy:

“For him, nothing can ever justify the humiliation his people heaped on him. The memory of being threatened with deposition will forever scar him” ([26:23]).

Richard's withdrawal threatens to destabilize the newly reformed government, setting the stage for future conflicts and power struggles within the Plantagenet dynasty.

Conclusion and Future Outlook

Episode 5 of Season 7 effectively captures the chaotic interplay of political power, personal egos, and external threats that define Richard II’s reign. The Wonderful Parliament emerges as a pivotal moment where Parliament asserts its authority, yet Richard's inability to adapt foreshadows deep-seated tensions that will have lasting repercussions for the Plantagenet dynasty.

As Dan Jones concludes:

“He'll be leaving town, and when he returns, everyone who's crossed Richard is going to find out exactly what happens when you mess with this Plantagenet” ([26:26]).

Listeners are left anticipating the unfolding drama between Richard II and his adversaries, promising further exploration of this fascinating historical saga in subsequent episodes.

Notable Quotes

1. Chancellor Michael de la Pole on England's Crisis:
   “We're screwed and we're broke. Anyone who doesn't want to be wearing a string of garlic bulbs around their neck and singing Frere Jacques by Christmas needs to put his hand in his pocket and stump up for an emergency defence fund.”
   [04:18]

2. Richard II's Reaction to Parliament’s Threats:
   “He has a full blown teenage meltdown. Richard sends a message back to Parliament saying they've done him worse than dirty and he will not dismiss so much as a scullion boy from his kitchen on their say so.”
   [12:50]

3. Bishop Arundel on Naval Victory:
   “He takes out an enemy fleet, capturing 50 ships and burning the main French naval base in Flanders.”
   [12:50]

4. Dan Jones on Richard’s Defiance:
   “For him, nothing can ever justify the humiliation his people heaped on him. The memory of being threatened with deposition will forever scar him.”
   [26:23]

Final Thoughts

"It’s a Wonderful Parliament" offers a compelling examination of the fragility of monarchical power and the rise of parliamentary authority during a critical juncture in English history. Through vivid storytelling and meticulous research, Dan Jones brings to life the intricate dynamics that nearly led to the downfall of the Plantagenet dynasty, setting the stage for future episodes that continue to unravel this dramatic historical narrative.

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