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- [00:01]
Narrator
This episode is brought to you by State Farm.
- [00:03]
Expert 1
You might say all kinds of stuff.
- [00:04]
Expert 2
When things go wrong, but these are.
- [00:06]
Narrator
The words you really need to remember.
- [00:08]
Expert 2
Like a good neighbor, State Farm is there.
- [00:11]
Narrator
They've got options to fit your unique insurance needs, meaning you can talk to your agent to choose the coverage you.
- [00:17]
Expert 2
Need, have coverage options to protect the.
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Narrator
Things you value most, file a claim.
- [00:22]
Expert 2
Right on the State Farm mobile app, and even reach a real person when.
- [00:25]
Expert 1
You need to talk to someone.
- [00:26]
Expert 2
Like a good neighbor, State Farm is there.
- [00:32]
Narrator
Its 11:39pm on April 14, 1912 the Atlantic Ocean, 400 miles off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. RMS Titanic, all 47,000 tons of her, is plowing westwards at a speed of 22 knots. Up in the crow's nest, 90ft above deck, lookouts Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee are scanning the horizon. They're approaching the end of their two hour watch, and they can't wait to get back inside. The night is still and clear, but the temperature is only a few degrees above zero. The sea ahead looks like black glass. Stars shine brilliantly overhead, but all around is nothing but darkness. The lookouts have no binoculars, only the naked eye, although in these conditions, artificial magnification might not make much difference. It seems clear enough, but looks can be deceiving. In fact, the peculiar atmospheric conditions on this particular night are creating a cold water mirage, scattering the light in unusual ways. The horizon isn't quite where it's supposed to be, and as a result, anything just below it is camouflaged behind an indistinct haze, including anything directly in the path of the ship. The two lookouts are still casting their eyes ahead of them, searching for anything out of the ordinary. But all they can see is darkness stretching into infinity. And then, almost imperceptibly, something begins emerging dead ahead. It's hard to make out at first, just a blank patch that looks somehow different from the space around it. The men squint, trying to make sense of what they're seeing. With every passing second, the strange object grows larger. Then suddenly, they realize what it is. Frederick Fleet reaches frantically for the bell in the crow's nest. He rings it three times. With his other hand, he lifts the receiver of the telephone that connects to the bridge. What did you see? Comes a voice from the other end. By now, there's no doubt in Fleet's mind. Iceberg, he replies. Right ahead, from the noiser podcast network, this is Titanic. Ship of Dreams, Part 5. On the bridge, Titanic's first officer, William Murdoch, is in command. He's 39 a Scotsman and a lieutenant in the naval reserve, both his father and grandfather were captains before him. But Murdoch has never faced a challenge like this before. Now, with the lives of more than 2,000 people in his hands, Titanic's first officer has just seconds to avoid disaster. Harder starboard. He calls out to the helmsman, throwing the engine telegraph into reverse. Slowly, the ship starts to turn.
- [04:37]
Expert 1
Murdoch's plan was to do a maneuver called porting. About the berg.
- [04:42]
Narrator
Tim Martin, author of 101 Things you thought you knew about the Titanic but didn't.
- [04:49]
Expert 1
Everyone knows the famous order harder starboard. And this was from sailing days when in fact the tiller of the helm would be put harder starboard, which would actually move the bow to the port or left. So that's what Murdoch did to get the front to clear the berg and he did that.
- [05:08]
Narrator
The bow missed it, but Titanic isn't out of the woods yet.
- [05:14]
Expert 1
He then gave a less famous order, which is hard abort. And that's because having swerved the bow wave, it was then presenting her whole.
- [05:24]
Narrator
Starboard side to the berg with the helm. Hard aport now Titanic stern swings away from the iceberg. It looks like Murdoch's audacious maneuver is going to work.
- [05:40]
Expert 1
Titanic nearly missed the berg. It missed the part of the berg above the sea. Unfortunately for Murdoch, there was a very large flat spur of ice that was a couple of meters below the surface. So in fact the harder port order, instead of or as well as clearing the stern, it actually had the effect of driving the bow of Titanic into the ongoing iceberg. The explosive force of hitting the iceberg was a million foot tons a second. It was enough to lift the Washington Monument a foot in a second. So in other words, it was like a bomb going off.
- [06:32]
Expert 2
Foreign.
- [06:37]
Expert 1
People have said that if Murdoch hadn't actually swerved, if you like, to nearly avoid the iceberg, that then there would have been a head on collision. And it's true that this actually would have saved Titanic because it would have had the effect a bit like a car crash if you like, with crumples phones, it would have the effect of concertina ing in the first hundred feet of the ship, but the rest of the ship would have been completely intact. And in fact the deceleration at 22 knots in say the first hundred feet of crumpling would actually not have even thrown people out of their beds. So it would have been like a motorcar of the day gradually coming to a stop.
- [07:17]
Narrator
Professor Stephanie Barchewski, author of Titanic A.
- [07:21]
Expert 2
Night, remembered if Murdoch had made what would have been A terrifying but probably correct decision to say, we cannot possibly turn this ship in time, so we're just going to ram into the iceberg head on. The Titanic was designed to survive that kind of collision. He would have crumpled the bow. He probably would have killed 200 people in the front of the ship, because the impact of something that big, of that ship hitting a big iceberg full on would have been absolutely devastating. You know, it just would have crushed the front of the ship and killed a lot of people in the process, but the ship would have survived.
- [07:55]
Narrator
It's a classic trolley problem. Do you risk the lives of everyone on board gambling that you can save them all? Or consign a small number to a certain death, knowing that their lives will buy the safety of everyone else?
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Expert 1
Now, that would have very sadly killed all 80 of the firemen who were berthed down in the bow of the ship who were not on duty at the time.
- [08:24]
Narrator
Firemen like my great uncle Jimmy McGann. Murdoch takes the only real decision he can. He rolls the dice.
- [08:36]
Expert 1
You jolly nearly succeeded. Now, of course, if he'd taken the decision to carry straight on and Titanic had survived and the first hundred feet had been smashed in, then he'd definitely have been sacked and people would just have thought he was a complete idiot and not trying to avoid the berg. So I think it's one of those situations where he did his best at the time and really he did what any sensible, experienced person would do.
- [09:04]
Expert 2
The impact in some ways is so slight and so fluky that if they'd just been able to turn like 10 more feet or something, they probably would have missed that iceberg entirely. Not blaming Murdoch. Right. Murdoch's had enough criticism heaped on his head. Right. I've been to his hometown in Scotland and people there are quite sensitive about how Murdoch has been treated. So I don't want to add any criticism of Murdoch because I think he was in an impossible position. Right. And I think he does the best he can. I mean, it's such a close run thing that I think we want to look for these things that could have changed the story. And I think there are a lot of things that could have changed the story potentially. I think it's one of those things that everything has to add up to the wrong answer for what happened to happen. It was just a very precise set of circumstances and a big chain reaction of things.
- [09:53]
Expert 1
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- [10:30]
Expert 2
This episode is brought to you by Peloton Everyone has a reason to change. Growing old, heartbreak, a fresh start. Whatever it may be, Peloton is here to get you through life's biggest moments with workouts that challenge and motivation that keeps you coming back. Peloton's tread an all access membership helps you set your targets, track your progress and get stronger, making your fitness goals a reality. Find your push, find your power peloton visit1peloton.com.
- [11:01]
Narrator
Don'T miss your chance to spring into deals at Lowe's right now. Get five select one pint annuals for just $5 plus get a free 60 volt Toro battery when you purchase a select 60 volt Toro electric mower. With deals like these, your yard wins. Shop in store or online today. Lowes we help you Save valid through 430 wall supplies last Actual plant size and selection varies by location. Excludes Hawaii William Murdoch is not even Titanic's captain. That position is held by Edward Smith, Commodore of the White Star fleet. After a glittering three decade career with the company, he is on the cusp of a well earned retirement. But Smith is resting in his cabin at the moment the ship hits the iceberg, having spent most of the evening dining in the a la carte restaurant with some of Titanic's wealthiest passengers, author Clifford Ismay. Would Captain Smith have issued different orders? I think that's something we would never know. No captain can be on the bridge all of the time.
- [12:11]
Expert 2
He needs his personal time, his sleep time.
- [12:14]
Narrator
Had Captain Smith actually been on the.
- [12:16]
Expert 2
Bridge at that particular point, who knows what difference it would have made.
- [12:22]
Narrator
It takes less than a minute for Captain Smith to make it onto the bridge. His cabin is conveniently located right next door. What was that? He asks Murdoc as soon as he arrives. An iceberg, sir, Murdoc replies. Captain Smith wastes no time following the Titanic's state of the art safety protocols. Close the watertight doors, he orders. That way, if the ship's hull has been breached down below, any water coming in should be contained within a single compartment. Murdoch assures him the doors are already closed. Right now, though, no One knows the extent of the damage the ship has received or crucially, how it's distributed.
- [13:12]
Expert 2
The total size of the hull that was open to the ocean is about the size of a door frame, right? It's very, very small.
- [13:20]
Expert 1
It was only light damage, but the problem was that it was over 200ft. She was designed to float with any two watertight compartments flooded, and she was designed to float even with her first four watertight compartments flooded. But what she wasn't designed to float with was breaches in her first five compartments.
- [13:40]
Expert 2
When the wreck was discovered, I think everybody thought there was going to be a gaping hole in the side of the ship, right? Well, it's not. It's a line really more than it's a hole. It's maybe, you know, six inches wide that runs down the side of the ship.
- [13:54]
Narrator
Screenwriter Julian Fellowes it didn't occur to anyone that a gash that long would be made in the side of a ship. What they thought is that it would collide in some way. I mean, there wasn't a ship that.
- [14:09]
Expert 1
Could have done that damage.
- [14:10]
Narrator
Only an iceberg could do it.
- [14:13]
Expert 1
The bird just slightly nicked into the fifth watertight compartment, which, if you like, was the Achilles heel. It was the thing which meant that Titanic would sink to the bottom.
- [14:29]
Narrator
The impact of the iceberg has been felt very differently in different parts of the ship. Many of the passengers have slept right through it, and those who are awake at the point of impact don't realize the damage the iceberg has caused. To Kate Buss on Edeck, it sounds like the scrape of an ice skate to bedroom steward Alfred Kessinger, like a rowing boat being dragged over gravel. Predictably, Titanic's very own Cassandra Esther Hart takes things more seriously. She's been refusing to sleep at night ever since she came on board. And right now she's convinced the bump she just felt must spell disaster.
- [15:19]
Expert 2
Had she been asleep, it wouldn't have wakened her. It didn't waken anybody else in the cabins roundabout there at all. But she was wide awake and she felt this bump. She said it was just like a train pulling into a station. It just jerked. It was very slight.
- [15:34]
Narrator
But.
- [15:35]
Expert 2
But she said she knew that it was this dreadful something and she awakened my father. She awakened me. And my father said no, if he wasn't going up on deck again. But she literally pulled him out of bed and made him go up. My father came back very quickly because he could get up to the boat deck in the lift very quickly from where our cabin was and he came back and he picked me up and wrapped his blanket tightly around me as if I were a baby. And my mother said nothing to him. And I used to say to her sometimes years afterwards, I can't understand why you didn't say to him what was it? And she said, I didn't have to say what was it? I didn't know what it was, but I knew it was this dreadful something that I had to live with for months and there was nothing more I could say. So he put his very thick coat on her and put another one on himself and without any words at all we went out to a cabin and into the lift and up onto the third deck. Now, if we hadn't done that at that time, I bet how much doubt I'd be talking to you today.
- [16:37]
Narrator
While the Hart family's neighbors on Titanic's port side are fast asleep in their bunks in other parts of the ship, the iceberg's impact is felt more strongly. Millionaire Molly Brown is thrown to the floor of her first class cabin. On E Day, 21 year old Gretchen Longley wakes to find ice coming through a porthole. Virginia Clark, a young mother from Montana stares in amazement as a white mountain seems to glide past her cabin. And down in Boiler Room 6. The violence of the impact is unmistakable.
- [17:25]
Expert 1
As soon as Titanic made contact with the iceberg, the forward right hand if you like, as you're looking going ahead, part of the boiler rooms just exploded, or looked like they exploded, and suddenly fountains of water started spurting out from between the seams in the plates. So this would have been extremely shocking and worrying to those men who were trimming and the firemen and the stokers down there. And in fact some of them felt that they must have run aground on Newfoundland because they couldn't imagine anything else that would do that much damage. I think some of them would have been quite surprised to know that all of that damage was caused just by ice.
- [18:09]
Narrator
Even if they weren't on duty at the time, trimmers like my Great Uncle Jimmy McGann would know that something bad had happened to the ship.
- [18:18]
Expert 1
Everyone down below would have been aware of the collision immediately because as well as half the people were on duty and half of them were sleeping, but their sleeping quarters were low down in the ship, right in the bow. So they would all have been immediately woken up by the loud crash of the iceberg hitting Titanic.
- [18:45]
Narrator
We don't know whether or not Jimmy was working at the time of the impact, but either way he was almost certainly at his post within A matter of minutes. My brother Stephen has researched our great uncle's story. He could have been in an engine room, he could have been having a kid. But very quickly there was an alarm and they said, look, there's been an incident. We need everyone downstairs. There was water ingress starting to happen from near the front and then pouring.
- [19:15]
Expert 2
Into the other compartments as you went down.
- [19:18]
Expert 1
As the bunker filled with water, it did eventually collapse under the weight of the water, and that caused a rush to come in.
- [19:26]
Narrator
For Titanic's firemen, the priority right now is shutting down the ship's engines. From the bridge, Captain Smith has ordered a dead stop. But for a ship as powerful as Titanic, that's no easy matter.
- [19:44]
Expert 1
Immediately, that water was seen to be pouring into the engine rooms. The order was given in the boiler rooms to shut the dampers. And basically this was a way, as quickly as possible, of stopping the boilers from exploding. So what they wanted to do was actually rake the coal out and really, if you like, put the fire out straight away so that you didn't have cold water meeting steam and create cracks and explosions.
- [20:11]
Narrator
It was not a trivial thing. An engine had to be carefully fired up and, more particularly where the Titan is concerned, carefully tamped down at the end. What we would find hard to understand nowadays is once you start a many hundred degrees centigrade, that thing can explode. If it gets cold water on it, it's dangerous, it can blow up. With pressure in the boilers reaching dangerous levels, a series of safety valves has been activated, pushing large amounts of steam up and out of Titanic's giant funnels. On deck, the noise of the exhaust being vented is deafening.
- [21:00]
Expert 1
There was a roar of steam coming up from each of the funnels, and it actually meant that the officers couldn't actually hear any orders being given, so they were working in sign language because so much steam was being blown off so fast and so noisily overhead, and this was in order to prevent the boilers from exploding.
- [21:22]
Narrator
As Titanic gradually slows down, Captain Smith and his officers are doing their best to assess the damage the ship has sustained. They've been joined on the bridge by a visitor, White Star Chairman Bruce Ismay. Ismay is still wearing his pajamas with a warm coat thrown over the top. On his feet are a pair of comfortable slippers. But his mood is far from relaxed. Do you think the ship is seriously damaged? Ismay asks Captain Smith. I'm afraid so, the Captain tells him, although at this point, what exactly constitutes serious damage isn't clear.
- [22:04]
Expert 1
At dinner, before the collision, both Captain Smith and In fact, Thomas Andrews, who was one of the designers of Titanic, were, if you like, showing off to passengers by saying that Titanic could be cut into three pieces and each piece would float. So they really believed that she wouldn't sink. They also believed that an iceberg probably wouldn't cause a catastrophic failure of the hull. So I think they were as surprised as the rest of the passengers, and I think their main concern would have been, does this mean a delay in getting into New York? So they then sent Andrews down to assess the damage. It took Andrews quite a long time to go through the different areas and time how fast the water was coming in and then get the plans out and work out what that meant for the ship.
- [22:55]
Narrator
While Thomas Andrews is down below compiling his damage report, up on deck, Captain Smith and his officers are following Titanic's emergency protocols. And that means preparing for the worst possible outcome, however unlikely it may seem. At five minutes to midnight, Smith gives the order to uncover the lifeboats. By now, anxious passengers are beginning to appear on deck, wondering why the ship has stopped in the middle of the night. The scene they encounter is one of breathtaking beauty. Titanic is floating perfectly still now on a sea of polished obsidian. Overhead, the stars shine so brightly that that passengers can read the time on their wristwatches. It's all because of the unusual atmospheric conditions the ship has sailed into, the same conditions that camouflaged the iceberg 20 minutes earlier. Now layers of hot and cold air are creating a strange optical effect above the ship.
- [24:06]
Expert 1
When you get very, very cold air, you get this thing that's called heliostasis, which is a posh way of saying still air. And that's because air is denser and heavier when it's colder. So what happens is that you get very cold air very near the surface, and it gets warmer and warmer, like a sort of layer cake. So what you had was very stratified air. It had the effect of switching on and off the stars. So as you're looking at the stars, the light beams were just oscillating a little bit in these layers of air that you're looking obliquely through to see the stars. And so some survivors, it actually said the stars were flashing so much, it was almost as if they were flashing Morse code signals of distress to everyone about the calamity that was happening below. And of course, the absolutely fatal part of that is that the Morse lamp signals between a nearby potential rescue ship, the Californian, and the Titanic. That flashing caused by the stratified air actually scrambled the sense out of more slam signals. So this is the kind of tragic situation that was caused by the very, very unusual sealing conditions that night. And that's why I say that in a way, first of all, the Titanic disaster was ultimately caused by the weather and really, that she was sunk by a perfect storm of calm.
- [25:30]
Expert 2
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- [26:04]
Narrator
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- [26:07]
Expert 2
After an initial dosing phase of 16 weeks, about 4 in 10 people taking.
- [26:11]
Narrator
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- [26:14]
Expert 2
And most of those people maintained skin.
- [26:16]
Narrator
That'S still more clear at one year with monthly dosing.
- [26:18]
Expert 2
EBGLIS Lebricizumab, LBKZ, a 250mg 2ml injection, is a prescription medicine used to treat adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 88 pounds or 40 kilograms with moderate to severe eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, that is not well controlled with prescription therapies used on the skin or topicals, or who cannot use topical therapies. Ebglis can be used with or without topical corticosteroids. Don't use if you're allergic to Ebglis. Allergic reactions can occur that can be severe. Eye problems can occur. Tell your doctor if you have new or worsening eye problems. You should not receive a live vaccine when treated with Epglis. Before starting Epglis, tell your doctor if you have a parasitic infection searching for real relief.
- [26:53]
Narrator
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- [26:54]
Expert 2
Ebglis.Lilly.Com or or call 1-800-LILYRX or 1-800-545-5979. Out here, there's no one way of.
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Narrator
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Expert 2
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Narrator
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Expert 2
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Narrator
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Expert 2
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- [27:31]
Narrator
Right now, nobody on board knows the so called unsinkable ship is doomed. But for those on deck, it's an eerie experience. Susie Miller, great granddaughter of Titanic deck engineer Tommy Miller.
- [27:47]
Expert 2
I've done that crossing. I did it in 2012 as part of the memorial cruise. Just getting a handle on how huge the Atlantic Ocean is. It's amazing. Now you know you can fly across the Atlantic in five hours, but you know when you're bobbing around on this vast ocean in a ship, you just realize sort of how vulnerable you are and how the sea has all the power. And for him, I'm sure some of those thoughts were going through his mind because he'd never been in a situation quite like that before.
- [28:21]
Narrator
Soon after midnight, Titanic's band have set up outside the entrance to the covered promenade on A deck. They're doing their best to keep passengers spirits up with cheerful ragtime tunes, though the music is almost drowned out by the noise of the engine exhaust venting overhead. Nearby, John Jacob Astor iv, the richest man on board, is deep in conversation with Captain Smith. The captain tells Astor that he and his pregnant wife Madeleine should put on their life jackets. It's possible they may have to abandon ship. Meanwhile, six decks below, Thomas Andrews is assessing the damage from the iceberg. Already the ship has taken on more than 7,000 tons of water. She's starting to tilt downwards at the head, just a couple of degrees so far. But it'll get worse on the ship's lower decks. Already, things aren't looking good. The squash court has turned into a swimming pool. In the mail room, tens of thousands of letters and parcels are floating away. But as long as the damage is limited to no more than four of the ship's sealed compartments, Andrews is confident Titanic will stay afloat. And then he makes a truly horrifying discovery. A fifth compartment has been breached and a six slightly nicked as well. There's no doubt about it now. Titanic is doomed. From the moment she scraped the iceberg, her fate was a mathematical certainty. And Thomas Andrews is the only man on board who knows the truth.
- [30:23]
Expert 2
Just imagine what it was like to be Thomas Andrews, who's built this ship. And then he realizes what's about to happen. You know, he knows that the ship is doomed from the moment that he sees the sort of extent of the.
- [30:32]
Expert 1
Damage, the impact on Thomas Andrews of realizing that his creation that he had put blood, sweat and tears into over the last several years was actually definitely going to sink, I think would have been absolutely devastating. It's quite interesting because everyone's trying to calm the passengers and of course he is too, but. But a stewardess is seen walking around without her life jacket on and he says to her, why aren't you wearing your life jacket? And she says, oh, Mr. Andrews, I don't want the passengers to think I'm afraid. And then he says to her, with a sort of look, he says to her, if you value your life, you will wear your life belt.
- [31:14]
Narrator
Andrews races back to the bridge, taking the steps of the grand staircase three at a time. By 12:25am he's talking Captain Smith through his calculations. It's just three quarters of an hour since Titanic hit the iceberg. To those waiting on the upper decks, the ship still appears unscathed. Below them, on the forward well deck, third class passengers are playing football with large chunks of ice. But Captain Smith trusts Andrew's judgment. No one knows Titanic like he does, and Andrews is unwavering. Titanic will founder. The only question is how long they have left. His best guess, about an hour and a half.
- [32:07]
Expert 1
This news would have been an utter devastating shock to Captain Smith and Bruce's mate. And I don't think they could quite believe it.
- [32:15]
Expert 2
And so now they've got the question of, you know, what to do, how to try to get people off the ship. They are also immediately aware that there are not enough lifeboats on the ship. Right. It had more lifeboats than it was required to have actually by law at the time. That's not enough to hold the passengers on the Titanic.
- [32:33]
Narrator
Captain Smith exits the bridge and heads straight to the wireless room. Here he finds Titanic's senior Marconi operator, Jack Phillips at his post. Send the call for assistance, the captain tells him tersely. Phillips begins tapping out the distress signal. Cqd, the traditional three letter code, doesn't strictly speaking, stand for anything. It's a bastardization of a French phrase, danger c'est coup de, in combination with Titanic's call sign, mgy. It should leave other ships in no doubt of the situation.
- [33:18]
Expert 1
For years, CQD had been a distress signal. It had been the Morse standard. But recently they were moving it to be sos. And the reason for SOS was because it was very easy to hear. Even if you weren't very well trained, you could hear the dots and dashes of sos.
- [33:40]
Narrator
Quite clearly, Philip's distress call is just eight letters. C, Q, D, D, E, M, G, Y. The D E again is French. De A distress call from the Titanic. As luck would have it, it's picked up almost immediately by a French liner, that Provence. But she is 250 miles away, too far to make it in time. After five minutes, Captain Smith returns for an update. What are you sending? He asks Phillips. Cqd, the young man replies. At this point, Phillips assistant Harold Bride chips in. Send sos, he says. It's the new call and it may be your last chance to send it. In the next episode, Titanic's still slumbering passengers awoken and told that the ship is sinking, but many of them refused to board the lifeboats. Wireless operators Phillips and BR continue their attempts to summon help and a rescue ship, the SS Carpathia, sets a course for Titanic's position. That's next time. You can listen to the next two episodes of Titanic Ship of Dreams right now without waiting by subscribing to Noiser Plus. Just hit the link in the episode description to find out more.
- [35:42]
Expert 2
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- [36:33]
Narrator
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