D (1:50)

Done. Hoping it looks anything like the picture when you tear open that envelope. It's time for a little in person spring treat.

E (1:56)

It's time for a trip to Ross.

D (1:58)

Work your magic.

E (2:01)

Estar es cuchando a hoy explicado today, explained.

A (2:11)

Sean Ramasuram. I got a friend in Venezuela and we spoke a day or two after Trump overthrew Maduro back in January. And while everyone I knew was mad the United States was back to its old tricks in Latin America. My friend was happy. Like tears of joy happy. So I asked her to join us on the show today to help you understand why.

C (2:30)

Okay. Under Maduro, the humanitarian crisis just, you know, increased. We had like eight months with protest every day. We couldn't food, we couldn't find, medicines. Actually, my family and I left the country in 2018, just because of that, the military and the police officer had the power to take your cell phones and take a look at your WhatsApp messages. Who have you been calling? And your text message to see if you have the name of Maduro, for example, on your cell phone. And what we were talking about them. A lot of prisoners, political prisoners. Just because you sent a WhatsApp opinion about what was happening, okay, we didn't have any freedom. And we are living in, like, in a war because we're trying to survive here in Venezuela with the idea of not even being able to talk about what's happening. If you go to a hospital now and back then in 2013, when the crisis began, you need to. If you have a surgery, for example, you need to take all the medical supplies, the anesthesia, the gloves for the doctors, those kits of clothes, you need to take them to the hospital. Because we have a humanitarian crisis right now. You can find food, but the idea of not being able to pay for their food is like the same. The minimum salary in Venezuela is 30 cents of a dollar. All the Venezuelan families had a reason to leave the country. And I actually didn't want to leave my family. You know, my mother, my sisters, my. My nephews, I didn't want to leave them. When we left, we returned because I wasn't feeling okay living in another country, being able to know to work and find food and send money home. And, I mean, I felt guilty. Maybe silly to say that, but I used to feel guilty when I had an ice cream and I was thinking, my mom wasn't. I'm sorry, but this is sensitive.

A (5:34)

It's okay.

C (5:35)

But that's why I returned.

A (5:41)

I remember one of the first things you told me after the United States removed Maduro from power and brought him to Brooklyn was, sean, Obama wouldn't have done this. Obama didn't do this. Biden wouldn't have done this. Biden didn't do it. Trump is the only one who would do it. And, I mean, I guess you're right, but it wasn't like Obama and Biden didn't do anything. They just took this sanctions approach. They took the. The sort of punishment approach instead of the invasion approach, which a lot of people look at as, you know, interfering with the sovereignty of another country. But you still think you'd rather have Trump interfere with your country's independence and sovereignty than have the sort of Obama, Biden sanctions approach. Is that right?

C (6:39)

Yes, that's right. And I still believe that because the sanctions, they're not affecting the government. And the proof, you can see them, I mean, the sanctions are since 2015, I, I think. And nothing has changed because the, the money the government has is not just from the, the oil. And so the people that actually suffers, the sanction is the people, the population, us. We are the one who's been suffering from the sanctions. Because after the sanctions, for example, the food crisis began. We couldn't find food doing that. They just gave oxygen to the government.

A (7:33)

Has life changed for you under this Rodriguez presidency? Has life changed for your kids? Do they feel less afraid or more free?

C (7:46)

They do. I do. But we still have to be careful. I mean, like you said, it's the same government, just they had taken the head. Okay. But I do believe Venezuela has like a feeling of freedom. Since Maduro left, you can see changes. For example, on the TV and the TV channels, they are now speaking about the government. People is losing the fear of speaking aloud since Maduro was taken. Because I think in between the conversations they have on the agreements they have is they cannot keep, they cannot keep doing the same of making more prisoners, only just because they're speaking about the government. So I think life has changed for a few here in Venezuela that have been able to speak aloud. I wouldn't do that yet. I wouldn't do that yet. But you can see that in the environment. You can see people feel free.

A (9:08)

I remember, you know, when we would talk about Venezuelan politics last year. You didn't sound very hopeful. And then everything changes at the beginning of this year and you sounded joyful. Are you hopeful for what's in Venezuela's near future?

C (9:31)

We still don't know what's going to happen. Okay. But now I'm living with the hope back again that we're going to. I'm going to have a country that may kids deserve. I want them to feel proud of Venezuela, of the oil company we have, of the schools we have. I don't know if you know what I mean. Maybe I'm being too romantic. See, but I want my family back. If you've ever find a Venezuelan in, in your city and you talk to them, they're going to tell you they want to come back. Because we're like a motherhood society. We all want to be at grandma's house with all the cousins and the uncles and aunts together. And that's what I want for my kids. I want them to be proud of being Venezuelan and being able to reunite with all the families.

A (10:41)

It's funny, you know, it's such a beautiful dream to have everyone come back. And I hate to bring the president of the United States into your beautiful dream, but it's kind of funny how the two of you have the same dream. You just want all the Venezuelans living in the United States to come back. And he wants all the Venezuelans living in the United States to leave.

C (11:02)

But we have the same dream. Maybe he's working more than I am to make that to come true. Of course, I am not agree with what he's doing in the States. You know, when I see his administration, I see mine. I mean, I don't want you to. To misunderstand my. My idea of. Of what I want for my country. But what I want for my country is not what I want for yours. I see him and I see Chavez. You know, back in the 2000s, When you have a government that's extreme, that's bad. I mean, he's doing something good for us. Maybe because he wants to get something from us. That the only way to get it is using the force, you know, maybe it's the only way probably is the oil. That's not a secret.

A (12:16)

That was my friend Carla. Let's call her Carla because she's still too afraid to use her real name. Maybe one day she won't be, though. We're gonna ask when that day might come when we're back on today. Expl. Support for the show comes from Avocado Green Mattress. Sounds delicious. Soft Green Avocado says their certified organic mattresses are specifically designed to relieve pressure points, support your body the way it needs, and help you actually get the deep, restorative sleep you've been missing. Every mattress is made with thoughtfully sourced materials and built with real care so you can get incredible sleep night after night, they say. How do they do it, you ask? Well, Avocado says they're focused on careful craftsmanship, creating products that feel intentionally made rather than mass produced so you can feel good when you buy. They all say their mattresses are designed to provide both comfort and proper support, helping your body stay aligned while still feeling cozy. Plus plus they say their mattresses are made with natural, certified organic materials that are responsibly sourced and last longer, which means less waste. Avocado product is made, not manufactured, in thoughtfully crappy real materials to deliver lasting comfort and support. You can go to avocadogreenmattress.com today to check out their mattress and furniture sale. That's avocadogreenmattress.com today. Avocadogreenmattress dot com today. Support for Today explained comes from 1-800-FLowers. And who doesn't love flowers? If you're planning to send your mom flowers this Mother's Day, you might want a little help choosing the perfect bouquet to show her how much she means to you. 1-800-Flowers says that for more than 50 years they've been helping people send beautiful arrangements by perfecting the details that matter most. And if you're Prone to procrastination, 1-800-Flowers says that they've been saving their customers with same day delivery for years. Even if May 9th snuck up on you, they can still make May 10th count. That's a nice thought. Claire White did you try flowers?

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A (16:21)

Today Explained Today Explained here with Missy Ryan, who's a staff writer at the Atlantic. Missy, we just heard from my friend Carla, who lives in Venezuela and is cautiously optimistic about the restoration of democracy there. You not too long ago published a piece at the Atlantic titled Venezuela Seems to be Going well.

C (16:42)

Yeah.

E (16:42)

The headline of the piece I think really captured the surprise that many of my colleagues here at the Atlantic and then many of the Latin America experts that I spoke with for the piece felt three months on from the ouster of Maduro, which was that contrary to a lot of expectations about the potential destabilization of Venezuela, the potential for an Iraq style armed insurgency or fracturing of the state, things were pretty quiet in Venezuela. And in fact there had been a relatively positive outlook response from the Venezuelan public. Now starting from a very, very low place of, you know, kind of things can't get much worse in terms of economic conditions, political conditions for Venezuelans. But they have, in the limited polling that's been done since Maduro's ouster on January 3, they have expressed cautious optimism or at least a willingness to let some time pass before making a judgment about the overall kind of net analysis of are things better or worse for us in Venezuela.

A (17:57)

And you referenced polling. So this isn't just people in the media saying things got better in Venezuela. Venezuelans broadly feel that way.

E (18:05)

Correct. And I think that that should be the ultimate arbiter that, you know, it's not, it doesn't matter as much what analysts in Washington or Miami think. It's about the Venezuelans who are in Venezuela and then obviously the exile community throughout the world who are deeply invested in what happens there, could potentially return and help grow the economy, rebuild Venezuelan society after a very traumatic period of repression and economic deterioration. So the polling was very important and you know, that could change. I think that really the sense was people were willing to give Delsey Rodriguez, the interim president, some time and the interim authorities sometime to show if they could deliver on the kind of bread and butter issues that Venezuelans see most focus on. And that is starting to have, you know, there are starting to be some improvements there in terms of the economy. It hasn't really affected prices, prices yet, but certainly investment is starting to slowly materialize. Definitely far short of what President Trump had envisioned and sort of promised when we heard from him in early January. But with oil prices where they are and the lifting of sanctions, the kind of resource dependent Venezuelan economy stands to grow, if only from a kind of statistical rebound perspective and hopefully that'll really begin to trickle down into Venezuelans pockets. I think the question of political freedoms is going to be very important. But it didn't seem like it was the primary concern of Venezuelans. And the polling that has been done

A (19:39)

so far, I mean, one of the biggest Differences is obviously just that there's someone different in charge. Is Delsey Rodriguez making Venezuela a freer country than Maduro did?

E (19:52)

That is a complicated question. There have been a number of metrics that you can talk about. When the ouster happened in January, the Trump administration talked about it as kind of a simple law enforcement operation that was executed by the military, which is incredibly unorthodox.

B (20:12)

Overwhelming American military power, air, land and sea was used to launch a spectacular assault. And it was an assault like people have not seen since World War II.

E (20:26)

They were talking about three phases, and this is what Ribio and the people at the State Department were describing as three phases that they saw for Venezuela.

A (20:34)

Step one is the stabilization of the country. We don't want it descending into chaos. The second phase will be a phase that we call recovery. And then the third phase, of course, will be one of transition.

E (20:44)

As part of that recovery stage, they have kind of leaned on the Rodriguez interim authorities to take certain steps. And primary among those that are kind of, they focused on the release of political prisoners. They backed away from the same level of arbitrary arrests that had occurred under Maduro. There have been some limited, kind of mostly economic focused protests or demonstrations that have happened without kind of the same kind of crackdown that you would have expected under Maduro.

C (21:24)

From teachers to public employees, protests are spreading across Caracas. Their message is simple. They cannot live on what they earn.

E (21:32)

These have only been limited steps. There's so much more that hasn't actually occurred yet, and that includes, you know, the full release of political prisoners

D (21:43)

for my Venezuela, for all political prisoners, for

C (21:46)

all those heroes who have given their

D (21:47)

lives and whom we have no way to repay for all the dedication and sacrifice they have made for Venezuela's freedom.

E (21:58)

Remember that although Venezuelan oil exports are really starting to increase and that revenues are really starting to increase, that money goes into a US treasury controlled account in the United States. And Delsey Rodriguez has to submit a spending plan to the US Government and have in order to get that money going back to Venezuela to pay salaries, to provide public services. So, you know, it is not an autonomous sovereign situation. Far from it.

A (22:32)

One of the biggest, biggest criticisms of this intervention in Venezuela against President Trump has been you didn't even change the regime. You just put Maduro's number two in power. And there's no commitment to elections, at least in a concrete form. Do we have any idea now that it's been three, four months when we might see elections?

E (22:56)

So there has been no official statement either from the interim authorities in Venezuela or the US Government. But what I'm told privately is that they are planning for elections to occur by the second half of 2027. However, there is a lot that needs to happen before then, and we haven't seen any public steps to advance those steps which would include, you know, reform of the National Electoral Commission, an update to the registry of Venezuelans who have all been displaced all throughout Venezuela, and then, of course, the question of millions of Venezuelans who now outside the country, who would need to be taking part in any sort of credible election. The lack of a plan that has been made public raises questions about the level of commitment that the US Administration has to the democracy piece of this. Their argument has been, look, if we jumped right into elections, that really would have intensified the potential for civil conflict. And so their bet is on slow, incremental change. And they're saying, look, if it has to take a year and a half, two years, that's better than jumping right into elections before the country is prepared.

A (24:11)

Of course, the fact that the credible election might be, what, one, two years away only lends more credibility to this argument that this wasn't about freedom for the Venezuelan people. This was about oil. Now that we're months out, does it feel like this was just about oil? Is that a fair criticism to lob at the Trump administration?

E (24:35)

I think that it definitely was about oil, primarily for President Trump. It clearly he, as we put in this article, I think he mentioned oil 19 times in the press conference that he gave the morning after the Maduro raid.

B (24:50)

As everyone knows, the oil business, the oil infrastructure, oil, oil, oil, build, the oil, the oil company, our oil. Oil is very dangerous. Oil, the oil business, oil, Voyle Oil company, the oil company, the oil that as it pertains to oil.

E (25:03)

There have been some more modest deals that have occurred, but the kind of big production deals in the oil sector have not yet materialized. And I think there's a lot of structural obstacles that need to be overcome. Primary among them is really just the overall trajectory of Venezuela and skepticism among oil investors to jump back in when they don't know who's going to be ruling the country in a year. Is it going to go back to a socialist model where they're going to expropriate things again? As Exxon famously said, they had their assets taken not once but twice, and it was uninvestable. But also, what is this country going to look like in 2 years, 5 years, 10 years? Because these countries are using very long timeframes because the investments are so significant and the timeframes are long.

A (25:58)

It feels so clear that the quagmire in Iran could have been foreseen, but with Venezuela, it's less clear. There's more of a disconnect, I think, between how a lot of Americans viewed this intervention versus what we're hearing from you. How do you make sense of that disconnect between maybe how so many of the American people saw this intervention versus how some of the Venezuelans feel about it?

E (26:24)

Yeah, I mean, I think neutral to better is kind of what I've seen. The United States has a new charge d' affaires in Caracas and the we're expecting the Venezuelan Embassy here in Washington to open sometime soon. You know, that's a normalization of, of relations. What does that bring in terms of of new investment or business deals, like, you know, the extent to which will the normalization of economic ties and deepening of kind of a working relationship between the United States and then the interim authorities in Venezuela, will that act as a counter to the pressure to hold elections? Will it actually kind of increase the inertia against elections? I don't know, but I think that that could happen. All of those things are things that I'm going to be watching.

A (27:20)

Missy Misdemeanor Ryan. You can read her work@theatlantic.com Ariana Espuru produced the program today. Aminah Al Saadi edited. Gabriel Donatov kept us Truthy. David Tadashore and Bridger Dunnigan kept us Mixy. It's today explained. When Mother's Day means celebrating your mom, your wife, maybe even your daughter as a new mom. Trust 1-800-FLOWERS to help you celebrate every important woman in your life with double blooms from 1-800-Flowers. Order one dozen roses and get another dozen for free. It's a simple way to give beautifully, with colorful blooms that make Mother's Day feel meaningful for every mom you're celebrating. Order with confidence and get Double blooms at 1-800-FLowers.com Spotify. That's 1-800-FLowers. Com Spotify.