The Climate Crisis is a Scam - Professor Ian Plimer

Summary

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TRIGGERnometry Podcast: "The Climate Crisis is a Scam – Professor Ian Plimer"

Date: March 8, 2026
Hosts: Konstantin Kisin (Host 1), Francis Foster (Host 2)
Guest: Professor Ian Plimer

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Episode Overview

This episode features Professor Ian Plimer, a renowned geologist and outspoken critic of mainstream climate science. The conversation explores Plimer’s perspective that the current climate change narrative constitutes what he calls “the biggest cult in scientific history.” The discussion ranges from Plimer’s scientific objections to climate models, his view of climate change as a new secular religion, the economic repercussions of net zero policies, and broader philosophical reflections on science, adaptation, and Western society.

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Key Discussion Points & Insights

1. Ian Plimer’s Background and Scientific Perspective

• [03:30 – 11:50]
  Plimer shares his upbringing, academic journey in geology, and diverse interests (music, psychology, political science, botany, English literature).
• Worked in mining and academia, including founding roles in Australia and Germany.
• Developed skepticism toward climate science after his experience debunking creationism as “pseudo-science masquerading as science.”
• Noted the absence of geological perspectives in climate science discussions, especially those promoted by the IPCC.

“If you’re to promote an idea in science, it has to be commensurate with all the other validated work in science. And this wasn’t commensurate with what we know in geology and what we’ve known for hundreds of years.” – Ian Plimer [09:08]

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2. Climate Science as “Cult” and Economic Critique

• [00:02, 13:24, 14:41]
• Plimer contends contemporary climate science is akin to a cult, driven as much by ideology and money as by evidence.
• Criticizes the abandonment of cheap, reliable energy in favor of less dependable renewables.
• Argues the pursuit of net zero is economically disastrous.

“You cannot run an industrial economy on sea breezes and sunbeams. There’s just not enough grunt.” – Ian Plimer [13:44]

• Advocates for skepticism of any science that becomes consensus-driven or politicized.

“Once you’ve got consensus, it isn’t science.” – Ian Plimer [16:59]

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3. Historical and Geological Context: CO₂ and Climate

• [00:26, 16:59, 17:32, 22:23]
• Plimer details periods in Earth’s history with much higher atmospheric CO₂ (up to 20%) coinciding with ice ages—contradicting current claims about CO₂ driving warming.
• Argues that temperature changes lead CO₂ changes, not vice versa.

“There’s not one scientific paper…that demonstrates that human emissions drive global warming. If there were, you’d never hear the end of it.” – Ian Plimer [24:45]

• Discusses natural CO₂ sequestration through rock formation, broad cycles of ice ages, and temperature fluctuation driven by non-anthropogenic factors.

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4. Critique of Climate Modeling and Institutional Capture

• [24:06, 41:04, 47:02]
• Asserts that climate models have failed to predict observations; claims they are biased by assumptions rather than validated by evidence.
• Points to the economic incentives for institutions to support the prevailing climate narrative.

“It’s keeping a lot of people employed in universities and in institutions and in government. It’s driven by bureaucrats who are green.” – Ian Plimer [24:45]

• Warns of the erosion of public trust when scientific institutions are perceived as politicized.

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5. Climate Change as a New Religion

• [26:22]
• Plimer suggests that climate activism has replaced traditional religion in the West, leading to what he calls “blind, unreasoning faith.”
• Uses the example of Greta Thunberg to illustrate the movement’s iconography and lack of critical questioning.

“This is the new religion. And so an intelligent person like Boris Johnson might understand the classics, but he needs to go back a few more thousand years. Even if he did read the classics, he would know that in the time of Jesus it was warmer than now.” – Ian Plimer [26:25]

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6. Scientific Literacy, Media, and Culture of Fear

• [40:27, 41:04]
• Discusses the effects of media-driven fear on public discourse regarding "extreme weather" and warming.
• Critiques the reliability of temperature records due to urban heat islands and data manipulation, favoring direct geological evidence and ice core data.

“There are other records you can get from tree rings, from ice cores, and they tell us a different story. A geological record tells an even more exciting story…” – Ian Plimer [41:13]

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7. Long-Term Climate Cycles & Adaptation

• [31:34, 34:34, 56:07]
• Explains tectonic, solar, orbital, oceanic, and even galactic cycles as fundamental to Earth’s climate, often dwarfing any anthropogenic effects.
• Emphasizes humanity’s historical capacity to adapt to climate shifts.

“Adapt. We’ve always done it and there’s never been a problem... We are already adapting. And that’s the one thing we humans can do.” – Ian Plimer [56:07]

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8. Misallocation of Resources and Environmental Priorities

• [50:21, 51:13, 57:22]
• Argues that resources spent on “halting” climate change should instead go to adaptation and real environmental threats (e.g., pollution, microplastics, species extinction).
• Questions the logic of Western deindustrialization versus continued fossil fuel use in countries like China.

“So what is it that we need to do to ensure humans are thriving on the planet? — Adapt.” – Ian Plimer [56:07]

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9. Green Technologies and Future Energy Mix

• [64:58, 65:24, 67:18]
• Skeptical about the current “green” revolution, but supportive of continued experimentation and eventual shift to nuclear power as part of the energy mix.

“I’m yet to see any green technology that makes processes more efficient and more cost effective, but that doesn’t mean you stop trying them.” – Ian Plimer [65:34]

• Suggests public fears around nuclear are products of Cold War disinformation and misunderstanding.

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10. Society, Critical Thinking, and the Future

• [69:05]
• Warns about the “unstitching of Western society,” loss of critical thinking, and the decline of traditions (including Christianity and the scientific method).

“I just don’t think we’re talking about how to think, how to think critically, how to use our history to enrich the future.” – Ian Plimer [69:18]

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Notable Quotes & Memorable Moments

• “You cannot run an industrial economy on sea breezes and sunbeams.” – Ian Plimer [13:44]
• “Our bodies are carbon-based... If [the Prime Minister] wants to go to net zero, drop dead.” – Ian Plimer [14:51]
• “Once you’ve got consensus, it isn’t science.” – Ian Plimer [16:59]
• “This is the new religion... it has turned out to be blind, unreasoning faith.” – Ian Plimer [26:22]
• “There’s not one scientific paper... that demonstrates that human emissions drive global warming.” – Ian Plimer [24:45]
• “Adapt. We’ve always done it and there’s never been a problem.” – Ian Plimer [56:07]
• “We are probably in the western world polluting less than we did 200 years ago. And that’s because we’re wealthy.” – Ian Plimer [57:55]
• “I’m yet to see any green technology that makes processes more efficient and more cost effective, but that doesn’t mean you stop trying them.” – Ian Plimer [65:34]
• “I just don’t think we’re talking about how to think, how to think critically.” – Ian Plimer [69:18]

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Timestamps for Key Segments

• Plimer’s Background: [03:30 – 11:50]
• Climate as Cult & Economic Critique: [13:24 – 15:53]
• Debunking CO₂ Warming Narrative: [16:59 – 23:57]
• Models & Scientific Consensus Critique: [24:06 – 26:22]
• Climate as Religion & Greta Thunberg: [26:22 – 29:31]
• Geological Evidence & Historical Adaptation: [31:34 – 39:06]
• Media Fear, Data Manipulation: [40:27 – 43:26]
• Resource Misallocation/Adaptation: [50:21 – 57:22]
• Critique of Green Technologies/Nuclear: [64:58 – 68:53]
• Society, Critical Thinking, and Science: [69:05 – 69:40]

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Summary Table

| Topic | Timestamp | Speaker(s) | Key Points | |----------------------------------------------|-------------|----------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Introduction to Plimer’s Background | 03:30–11:50 | Ian Plimer | Academic & industry experience; skepticism rooted in geology | | Climate Science as "Cult" and Net Zero | 13:24–15:53 | Plimer, Host 1/2 | Economic critique, renewables, religious analogy | | Historical CO₂ & Geological Context | 16:59–23:57 | Plimer, Host 2 | High historic CO₂ coincided with ice ages; no direct link to temperature | | Models, Consensus & Institutional Capture | 24:06–26:22 | Plimer, Host 1/2 | Climate modeling flaws, grant incentives, politicization | | Climate Change as Secular Religion | 26:22–29:31 | Plimer, Host 1 | Replacing Christianity; uncritical belief epitomized by Greta Thunberg’s prominence | | Media, Fear and Data Critique | 40:27–43:26 | Plimer, Host 1 | Short timescales, media exaggeration, data manipulation, need for geological evidence | | Geological Cycles & Adaptation | 31:34–39:06 | Plimer, Host 2 | Tectonic, solar, ocean cycles, adaptation across history, temperature fluctuations | | Resource Allocation & Adaptation | 50:21–57:22 | Plimer, Host 2, 1 | Focus should be on adaptation, real environmental issues (pollution), critique of Western deindustrialization | | Green Technology & Future of Energy | 64:58–68:53 | Plimer, Host 1/2 | Skepticism of current green tech, favoring nuclear, Cold War propaganda on nuclear risks | | Unstitching of Western Society & Critical Thinking| 69:05–69:40 | Plimer, Host 2 | Call for renewed emphasis on critical thinking, preservation of societal/cultural foundations |

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Conclusion

Professor Ian Plimer provides a forceful, geology-led challenge to conventional climate change perspectives, arguing that historical and geological evidence contradicts claims about anthropogenic CO₂ and catastrophic warming. He critiques the politicization of science, the lack of critical thinking in society, the economic impact of net zero policies, and advocates for adaptation as the rational response to climate change. The episode is an extended critique of “climate science as religion”—with memorable turns of phrase, deep dives into geological timescales, and a call to return to genuine scientific skepticism and cultural roots.

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For further questions from listeners, head over to triggerpod.co.uk or find the episode’s extended Q&A segment on their Substack.

Transcript

[Host 1]

You said that climate science is the biggest cult in scientific history. Why do you say that?

[Ian Plimer]

Because it's costing the planet trillions. There's a very large body of people out there who actually are using science to promote scams. It's absolutely crippling Western countries who are going down this path because you cannot run an industrial economy on sea breezes and sunbeams.

[Host 2]

What you're saying is there have been times in the history of this planet when there's been hundreds of times more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere than there is today?

[Ian Plimer]

Yes. We've had times in the past when the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere was at least 10% and perhaps 20% compared with 0.04%. And what did we have then? We had the biggest ice ages this planet's ever enjoyed.

[Host 2]

On the one hand, you say it's not commensurate with the science. On the other hand, you're the only scientist who's been saying this for a long time. How do you explain that

[Host 1]

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[Host 2]

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[Ian Plimer]

Thank you.

[Host 2]

Great to have you on. Tell us a little bit about you before we get into the conversation itself.

[Ian Plimer]

I was born and bred in Sydney. I had a passionate interest in rocks As a child I used to take them into the Australian Museum and the curator was very kind with me. He spent a lot of time with these dreadful rocks explaining what they meant. Twenty years later I was publishing with him. So that really made his life, but he made my life also. And I followed my passion at school and at university. I had to repeat a year at school because I was far too young. These were the post war days where kids just poured into school. And because I could read and write, I got put into a higher class and because I still could read and write better than anyone else up into a higher class. So I finished school at 15 and that was far too young to go to university. So I repeated a year. I went to university and followed my passion. And when I finished my undergraduate degree I took an extra year to study things that I really liked. I studied counterpoint in music. I did psychology because that's where all the girls were. I did botany because I was interested in the relationship between plants and soils and how you we do in geology look at vegetation and work out what the rock types are and what's going on. I did political science, which was a comparison of the British, American and Australian systems and they were all very interesting. And I did English literature, so I felt then that my degree was complete. And then I went and worked underground at Broken Hill, which is a mining town that's been operating since 1883. And that was fascinating. And I did an honors degree working on the rocks underground. And then I went off and did a PhD again working underground. This was in Far North Queensland. At the same time I was part time tutoring in unit uni, part time tutoring in university. That's right. And then I. I moved back to Broken Hill and that was probably the most productive feud of my scientific life. I was publishing a lot of work and I was working in the field. I was working undergr. And then I went to the head office of the company in Melbourne and I left them on a day which I can never forget. We were passengers in their corporate jet. It ran out of fuel, it crashed. And not many people live from crashing in a forest. And I'd had an offer from a university because I had a lot of experience in the mining industry. I'd had a lot of publications out there and I thought I'd better take that off. I have three young kids. I don't particularly want to be traveling the world, flying in private planes and crashing in forests. And that really changed my life. And that's when I started to combine what I knew from underground safety with general safety. And working in a university, there's really very little understanding of safety, very little understanding of responsibility and consequences for your action. And I very quickly became a chair at the University of Newcastle. That's Newcastle in Australia, not in the uk. And then after Newcastle, I was the Lehrstulf on Lagerstedt and Kunde, the professor of mineral deposits at Munich.

[Host 2]

I thought that was Australian for a second.

[Ian Plimer]

Well, we have the German population. In fact, the Broken Hill ore body was found by a German. That's a very different story. And then I came back to Australia to be the professor and head of Earth Sciences at the University of Melbourne. And in my department I had geology, geophysics and meteorology. These same meteorologists who I saved from extinction when the university wanted to close them down are now climate scientists and they're some of my biggest critics, which is quite amusing. And then after the University of Melbourne, I was given the opportunity to build a new department of Mining Engineering at the University of Adelaide. I went from a tenured chair to an untenured chair. It was just a challenge. And I had the minerals industry supporting me, the South Australian government supporting me, the university. And so I went there. It was a challenge. It was really quite an easy job because all I had to do was to raise a lot of money every year. And with all my contacts in the minerals industry, that was easy. And then when I finished up at the University of Adelaide, I went back into the minerals industry. I now work as a director of Australia's biggest private company. That's Hancock Prospecting. They have operations all the way around the world and very big iron ore producer, producer of gas. And during my university time I got interested in creationism. And these were people who claim that the planet formed 6,000 years ago, that there was a global flood 4,000 years ago, and that all sedimentary rocks formed in this flood. And this was a scientific nonsense, yet they were claiming it was science. And this was in the 90s and this was my training for various other things in life. And so I wrote quite a few articles. I had various debates with creationists. I put out a book called Telling Lies for God, which was gentle and non provocative, as the title suggests. And I realized that there's a very large body of people out there who actually are using science to promote scams. And the creationists were one of these. Yes, they were deeply religious, but they were very misguided. And then I saw exactly the same thing arise in the late 90s with climate change. I could see exactly the same hallmarks. This was a religion, it had all the hallmarks of the religion, with sin and with redemption, with paying penance. And basically you have to give up something in your life. We won't as the leaders of the religion, but you have to. And I started to look at the science and the science is absolutely, totally incommensurate with my science and that is geology. I'd published by then hundreds of scientific papers by then. I'd had a few books out, I'd edited an encyclopedia of geology. I'm a polymath with a specialist in one area. But I could see very quickly this wasn't science, this was absolute nonsense. Because if you're to promote an idea in science, it has to be commensurate with all the other validated work in science. And this wasn't commensurate with what we know in geology and what we've known for hundreds of years. We've known about sea level changes for a long time. Charles Darwin wrote a book about coral reefs and sea level changes. That was in 1842. So what we've been told about sea level change was just nonsense. We also had seen cycles of climate in the past where we've had very, very warm periods, we've had very cold periods, we've had six major ice ages. We're currently in one of those ice ages. It started 34 million years ago and during that time carbon dioxide has changed enormously. It was unrelated to temperature, it never has been in the past. So I can't see why it has to be in the present. And we see in the rocks that when you can back calculate how much carbon dioxide was in the atmosphere that we've had for the last 500 million years, a decrease in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, it's dangerously low. If we halved it, we'd have no vegetation. So I could see that all these ideas coming out on climate change were total nonsense. And I could see there was a big business evolving behind it, as I saw with the creationists. So I thought, well, it's about time I compared them. And I did quite a bit of writing on this. I've written, I think, probably half a dozen books on it now. I got on the lecture tour, gave many lectures, many podcasts, broadcasts. I have a weekly segment on sky tv. Sky TV in Australia is very different from sky in the uk, which is a bit to the left. So I got very active in this and I was really the only voice in science that was talking like this. A few other geologists were doing it, but not as active. And because the climate story we've been told is incommentiate with validated science elsewhere, then it's not science.

[Host 2]

To a normal person listening, there may seem like there's a contradiction there. On the one hand, you say it's not commensurate with the science. On the other hand, you're the only scientist who's been saying this for a long time. How do you explain that?

[Ian Plimer]

Well, right across the board in geology, people object to this new religion of climate science. You can count on a sawmiller's hand the number of geologists who would agree with popular paradigm, simply because we look at the past, we see sea levels go up and down all the time, we see massive ice ages, we see very rapid temperature changes. It's all written in the rock. We happen to be a minor science. And many scientists, once they retire from universities and institutions, will then stand up and say, well, look, I don't think we're right, I don't think this is right. So geology is a very different science in that we use a lot of observation and we link it with experiments in physics and experiments in chemistry. And very few people know geology. So right across the board in geology, you'll find people just say, oh, that's just rubbish.

[Host 2]

But so you mean in other fields people are not saying this stuff?

[Ian Plimer]

Other people in astronomy criticizing climate science, people in some areas of solar physics criticizing climate science, it's not universal. And the one thing you see when you look at the IPCC reports is there's no geology, there's no paleontology, and they're the clues to what seawater temperature might have been. They're the clues to what sea levels are doing.

[Host 1]

And Ian, you said that climate science is the biggest cult in scientific history. And when I heard that, I was like, wow, that's a pretty bold statement. Why do you say that? Why do you stand behind that particular statement?

[Ian Plimer]

Because it's costing the planet trillions as a result of the climate science hysteria, to completely change energy systems which are constantly being revised and constantly made more efficient. And we've abandoned efficient, cheap, reliable energy and putting in unreliable energy. We're completely recapitalizing grids, we're completely recapitalizing generation of electricity. There isn't enough electricity. We have to have backup, which is enormous, expensive, which lasts for a very short period of time. The costs are absolutely horrendous. Now, scientists will publish work, but if there's an economic consequence from that work, they'd be no responsibility. They will get on and publish the next paper and then they publish the next paper. So it's absolutely crippling Western countries who are going down this path, because you cannot run an industrial economy on sea breezes and sunbeams. There's just not enough grunt.

[Host 1]

So what we're effectively talking about is net zero. And what do you think about the UK's approach to net zero?

[Ian Plimer]

Well, I think you should tell your Prime Minister that you breathe in 0.04% carbon dioxide and because he's metabolizing food, he breathes out 4% carbon dioxide. So if he wants to go to net zero, drop dead. That's the solution. It's totally ridiculous. Our bodies are carbon based. Carbon dioxide is a major planetary gas. It's been around for billions of years. The first atmosphere had methane and hydrogen and helium and some carbon dioxide in it. The second atmosphere, which was dominant for a very long period of time, was rich in carbon dioxide and it had hundreds of times more carbon dioxide than now. And what do we see? A thriving of life. And the third atmosphere is an oxygen bearing atmosphere which we currently live in. So we've had an evolution of the atmosphere. We've demonized something which you can't see, you can't taste it, you can't smell it. And so you can demonize it the same as you can demonize viruses or bacteria or radiation. It's a wonderful, wonderful thing to scare people with. We don't get told that carbon dioxide is plant food. And without carbon dioxide you have no life on Earth.

[Host 2]

And what's the rationale for doing this? Because it's look, on the net zero side of it, there are some people who still haven't caught up. But I regard what you're saying about net zero as completely uncontroversial. I think it's exceedingly clear at this point that net zero is economic suicide. And I think that's what we're seeing in our country, in other countries. And I don't think that's controversial. I don't think that's questionable. I think that's just a matter of fact for anyone who's looked at it with an open mind and with anything like a rational approach. But on the science aspect, this is where I really wanted to explore the things that you're saying, because I think it's incredibly valuable. Why do you think the scientific community, or at least this is what we've been told, the scientific community has arrived at a point where the vast. We keep being told the vast majority of scientists agree that human activity is causing climate change and it will cause it to get to a point where it's runaway climate change, which means we basically can't go back and the planet just overheats, quote, unquote. How do we get to that being the consensus view? And is it the consensus view?

[Ian Plimer]

Well, you never have consensus in science. Once you've got consensus, it isn't science. The second thing is we've had times in the past when the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere was at least 10% and perhaps 20% compared with 0.04%. And what did we have then? We had the biggest ice ages this planet's ever enjoyed. And this is when we had kilometers of ice at the equator at sea level. And the evidence for this is incontrovertible. It's worldwide. And this is written in the rocks. We geologists see this and we understand it immediately.

[Host 2]

I just want to flesh that out. Just. Sorry to interrupt. So what you're saying is there've been times in the history of this planet when there's been hundreds of times more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere than there is today?

[Ian Plimer]

Yes.

[Host 2]

And that at those points it was incredibly cold.

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[Ian Plimer]

On average, yes. And then it warmed up quickly in the interglacials, then cooled down again. That's not driven by carbon dioxide. That's driven by something else, like that great ball of heat in the sky we call the sun. It's driven by the earth all, but it's driven by many, many other factors. It's driven by where the continents might be. So we've had very high carbon dioxides in the atmosphere before. And what has happened is we've sequestered that into carbonate rocks. And this has been happening for a long period of time now with those older glaciations. The carbonate rock was dolomite, which has got 48% of the gas, carbon dioxide in it. That's by weight. And so we pulled that carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. And in younger times, in the last 20% of time, we've pulled carbon dioxide out of the limestone, we pulled it into carbon rich sediments, black shales, into coals, into the shells, into the which are now fossils, into carbon rich rocks. So that's been sequestered out of the atmosphere. And that process has been going on for at least a billion years. But we certainly have got very good evidence that about 500 million years ago, when we had an explosion of life, we had 0.7% carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It's gone down to 0.04%. Where's it gone? It's gone into the rocks, into sediments. Now, during that 500 million years, we've had a couple, three major ice ages. Yet carbon dioxide has been going down over time. So there's no relationship between temperature and carbon dioxide.

[Host 2]

So why do so many people in the scientific world, in government, in politics, why do so many people believe that there is this strong.

[Ian Plimer]

Well, you use the word believe and that's a word of religion and politics. It's not a word of science. And they believe it because that's the way of putting bread on the table. Now, I've had these people in various departments that I've run, and these people are mainly mathematical modelers. They're eminently unemployable. They are able to get grants from governments by scaring people witless. And the government throws them a few shackles to keep them alive. And they base their life on a model looking at what might happen in the future. And if something goes wrong, they'll redo the model. Now, we've had 40 years of models now, and of the 102 major models we have, not one of them has told us what we've measured over the last 40 years. So they don't work because they make one assumption which is invalid, and that is that carbon dioxide drives temperature. Now, there's not one scientific paper out there, and this is a big call, but you can check it out, there's not one scientific paper there that demonstrates that human emissions drive global warming. If there were, you'd never hear the end of it. Now, this is a question I always ask people who call themselves climate scientists, and I question that. I say, show me, show me the evidence, because that's what you do in science. Show me the evidence. Show me that the human emissions drive global warming. And if you can show me, then you've got to show me that the other emissions, which are natural, which are 97% of the emissions, don't drive global warming. It's never been done. So the whole thing is a fallacy right from the start. And it's keeping a lot of people employed in universities and in institutions and in government. It's driven by bureaucrats who are green. We've had a 40 year dumbing down or 50 year dumbing down of our education system. And these people now give us the benefit of their knowledge as bureaucrats and as politicians.

[Host 1]

Don't you find it remarkable that so many people have bought into this, including very, very intelligent people? We interviewed Boris Johnson. Boris Johnson really believes in what you've Been saying and how, you know, this is this global warming has been influenced and driven by man made courses.

[Ian Plimer]

You've used that word believe again. And belief is a religious phenomenon. And I think this is a new religion. We have in the west almost completely abandoned Christianity. But we have to have faith in something. And this is the new religion. And so an intelligent person like Boris Johnson might understand the classics, but he needs to go back a few more thousand years. But even if he did read the classics, he would know that in the time of Jesus it was warmer than now. Then in the Viking times it was cooler than now. Then in the medieval times, it was warmer than now. And then in the Middle ages we had the Little Ice Age, it was considerably colder than now. And we've warmed up since the Little Ice Age. Well, what a surprise. So I, I think this is, this is the new religion. And this has turned out to be blind, unreasoning faith.

[Host 1]

Because there was at one point, I think it was in the 1970s, where the great, how shall we say, you know, the great worry was it was global calling.

[Ian Plimer]

Yes, of course, science operates on frightening people if you want a research grant. So I once served on the Australian Research Council. I also served on the German Research Council and the Swedish Research Council. But in Australia we were instructed by the minister to give money, grant monies to people who were fighting the war on cancer. And if you could demonstrate that there was a relationship between ingrown toenails and cancer, you would get funded. Now you will get funded if you can put climate change into your research grant application. So it is the new religion, it's been embraced with fervor and it's gonna cost us very, very dearly.

[Host 1]

And the thing that I always found weird because look, I'm not a scientist, I follow this stuff, but nowhere in the detail that obviously you do as a scientist or other people. But one of the things that I found strange was embracing of Greta Thunberg and she was seen as the front person for this particular movement. And I'm so at the time she was 15 years old. And at that time I was a schoolteacher. And I was thinking to myself, why are we letting a school kid be the forefront of a global movement? It's weird.

[Ian Plimer]

Well, she wasn't a school kid, she didn't go to school. And this again, we see in religion, in Christianity, young women often appear as something on the horizon. We don't question it, we just admire it and view it from distance. She couldn't answer a single question. You put to her, she's absolutely pig ignorant because she didn't go to school. And our education system now has dumbed down people where they've lost the ability to think critically. We don't ask questions. And if you ask questions, you get banned, you get thrown out. So I think this, this is a perfect scam to run with an ill educated society that's given up the basis of Western civilization and that's Christianity.

[Host 1]

And it's also believing as well that it's, it's very anti human. That's the thing. The other thing about it, I remember talking to a neighbor of mine and he's an old boy and he's got a few kids. Careful, he wasn't in his prime like you are. And he, he was talking about one of his. So. And he said that he didn't want to have children. I was okay, is it a lifestyle choice? And he just went, no, no. He's really worried about the climate. And so they don't want to bring children into a world where they feel that the world is going to end. And I just thought that's unbelievably tragic.

[Ian Plimer]

Well, think of previous generations. If you were in 1916 living in this country, you would ask the same question, should I have children? If you're 1942 in this country, you would ask the same question. I can remember as a young man we were worried about having children because of the impending nuclear holocaust that we're going to have. So I think every generation goes through this and every generation survives it. And I think people are a little bit too sensitive and they're not really thinking other generations have had this in the past. Can you think of being in Ireland in 1844 with the potato famine? People had children. So I think it's an irrational way of thinking.

[Host 2]

Well, let's come back to the science a little bit. Can you give us. I think one of the interesting things whenever we talk to someone like you is you operate on a timescale that the overwhelming majority of people have no way of even conceptualizing in their head, which is millions of years, hundreds of millions of years.

[Host 1]

Years.

[Host 2]

And do you think that's part of the reason we're here? In the sense that I, I often think like if people saw the entire history of global temperatures and saw where we are on it, they would ask a lot more questions than anyone's been asking. But if you only look at the last 50 years, then a story can be told that's much more persuasive about how it's all doom and gloom.

[Ian Plimer]

Well, I think that's exactly right. People don't understand the past. They don't want to know about the past, they don't learn about the past, so they can't ask the right questions. And that's why we geologists are never regarded seriously when it comes to climate change, because the same processes that operated 100 years ago or a billion years ago, they're still here. You have to change the laws of physics and chemistry if you're going to say, well, the geology's wrong, it doesn't work. So when we look in the past, we look at the six great ice ages, we look at the five great extinctions of complex life, but we also integrate that with history. We integrate it with what has been lived. So I used the example before when someone might say, oh, you know, it's the hottest time we've had ever. You say, well, no, we've cooled down since the time of Jesus. It was much hotter then. It was much hotter in the medieval times. It was much hotter in the 1930s. So how far do you want to go back? You don't have to go back very far to show that we're not living in unusual times. We are actually living in an ice age, because we've got polar ice. Ice is a rare rock. For less than 20% of time, we've had ice on Earth. So we're living in an unusual time. But when you look at the temperature over time, and you don't need to go back very far, the temperature doesn't change very much at all in our lifetime compared with the past. So we had a period after the last glaciation, which ended 14,400 years ago, where the ice sheets broke up and dropped huge amounts of ice into the Atlantic Ocean. We suddenly became cool. And this is a period called the Younger Dryas. And we had temperature drops that were very, very large, like 10 and 15 degrees Celsius drops. And it took about 10 years to have a 15 degrees Celsius rise after the Younger Dryas. Now, that's global warming. What happened in the Younger Dryas, we actually huddled into villages, we fortified those villages. We invented animal husbandry, we invented for survival, we invented agriculture, where we collected grass seeds and actually grew them. We've got extremely good evidence of that. So in these times of hardship, we humans thrived. And once it became warm, and history shows us this, then we get the population's expanding, we have less war, the economy thrives. For example, in the Medieval warming, Europe had two harvests a Year that gave an enormous amount of wealth. That wealth was spent on the universities, the cathedrals, the monasteries. We see evidence. You've only got to travel through Europe and see this. So over time we can see that temperature has changed a lot. Now we also have cycles of climate. The geological cycles are every 400 million years. And that's when we pull apart or stitch back together the continents. And it's the position of the continents that really does drive your climate.

[Host 2]

Really. Can you explain the mechanics of that?

[Ian Plimer]

Well, it's plate tectonics. It's pulling apart and you have fractures going deep into the Earth. These fractures leak out molten rock which has to cool down and they leak out carbon dioxide. We've got that process happening right now in the mid ocean ridges. We have about 70,000 km of mid ocean ridges. We're leaking out carbon dioxide out of the basalts. There's. We have about 3.4 million old volcanoes on the ocean floor that we've been able to measure. We know that there's a volcanologist will give us a very strong correlation between a swarm of earthquakes, which means molten rock is rising and degassing and putting carbon dioxide into seawater. It doesn't bubble up because it dissolves. And when that carbon dioxide as a basalt lava or volcano erupts on the sea floor, then you have to cool it down. You cool it down with seawater. And 1 cubic kilometer of molten basalt is at 1200 degrees Celsius. If you cool that, that's enough energy for 30 hurricanes. So there's this thought in the volcanological area that maybe El Ninos are related to the movement of molten rock beneath the oceans and that that's gotta be cooled down and that gives you warm water above. So we've got this 400 million year cycle. It's currently in process and we can see it happening right now in Antarctica. The ice sheets in West Antarctica have 150 geothermal areas and volcanoes underneath the ice. That's because we're pulling apart Antarctica. Once we pulled it apart, we've completely changed the ocean currents. Antarctica is currently isolated, warm tropical water. Can't get to it. We have a circumpolar current and it freezes. Once we break up Antarctica currents will be able to move and we will go back to the normal situation that planet Earth has been in, where it's been warmer and it's been wetter and sea level's been about 200 meters higher. We've got extremely good evidence of that time and time again over the past. So these 400 million year cycles. It's not quite 400 million years. It varies a little bit, but these are tectonic cycles. We've got galactic cycles where every 143 million years we've got a bad address in the galaxy and we get cold. We've got orbital cycles, these Milankovitch cycles, which gets spoken about a lot and that their cycles on about 100,000 years, 40,000 years and 20,000 years. And that changes the distance we are from the sun. And then we've got solar cycles and there we've got some long ones, around 10,000 years. And we've just come out of a grand solar maximum. We've got cycles about 217 years, sorry, 1500 years. And the 22 year cycle, which has been known for hundreds of years. We've got lunar tidal cycles where we push warm water up into the Arctic, that's from the moon and that's 18.6 years. And so that combined with the ocean cycles which are every 600 years, sorry, every 60 years. You can then plot the exploration of the Northwest Passage and it's every 60 years. You can see that it's warmer and people can get through. They got through in wooden boats. So we've got these oceanic cycles. And just recently there's been a cycle which I want to see more evidence, but there's a suggestion there might be a Martian cycle every 2.4 million years. So we've got solar cycles, orbital cycles, galactic cycles, tectonic cycles. And all of that is being reduced to saying traces of trace gas in the atmosphere drive a major planetary system. Pull the other one. It's got bells on it.

[Host 2]

How much of this is about hubris, Ian? Because the way I see it is a thousand years ago, 14,000 years ago, it gets colder, we look around, we go, it's getting colder. We need to adjust, we need to huddle in the villages, we need to do this, we need to do that, because we know we can't change what's happening. But now we've become so technologically sophisticated, we're so advanced, we're so competent at solving problems that we almost, I think, are pre wired to think that every problem that exists, A has been caused by us and B must be solved as opposed to adjusted to. How much of it is simply about the fact that human beings, in line with increasing technological advancement, have become very, very arrogant about that.

[Ian Plimer]

Oh, I think you're absolutely right. If we had another inevitable glaciation, we could solve it technologically already in parts of the world with triple glazing, we could solve it as long as we've got energy that can keep us warm and as long as we've got international trade to bring food from warmer climates. But we saw that in the past, in the, the peak of the Little Ice Age, we had the Maunder Minimum, and that very cold period was obviously due to sinful humans. And it was deemed that the witches were making the harvests fail. And so witches were rounded up and witches were drowned. And after they stopped drowning the witches, we came out of the Mourned Amendment and it warmed up.

[Host 1]

Problem solved, Problem solved.

[Ian Plimer]

Evidence for us, it was witches doing it. So we've been doing this for a long while and we seem to think we're top of the pile. We're not. 90% of ourselves by number are bacteria. 15% of our weight is bacteria. If you want to die, a good bacterial infection will do it. The dominant life form on Earth are not whales, they're not trees, they're bacteria. And most of them are beneath your feet for the top four kilometers in the crust. So. Well, we tend to think we're pretty important. We're not.

[Host 1]

And it's also the thing that I resent is I don't mind, I don't mind having conversations about climate science, climate change, but talking to different people who've got different views. Fine. What I hate is this culture of fear that I now see in the media, where if it's a bit cold, they say, extreme weather, you're like, mate, it's a bit of sleep, what's going on? Or what you get. On the other side of it is this phrase that always is used now since records began. This is the hottest weather since records began. And just going by what you say, you go, well, the records haven't been around that long, have they?

[Ian Plimer]

Well, two things. The records haven't been around that long and the temperature record is a contaminated record. These have a cluster of measurements in the uk, Europe and the us. These were. Many of them were in rural areas which are now in cities and suburbs. And so you have the urban heat island effect. And these figures are changed, so the primary data is changed. And often you see that in a rural area when it's been changed, it gives a warming trend. So I think the data is contaminated. And a number of people have commented on that, including people at climate institutes like your Phil Jones. You've got to be very careful of the records. There are other records you can get from tree rings, from ice cores, and they tell us a different Story, A geological record tells an even more exciting story. So for ice cores, the original ice cores that were drilled used volcanic eruptions and dated the ash and the acid in those cores, then you could work out the rate of ice deposition. And then with that, as snow falls and is compressed into ice, it traps little bits of air. And you can extract that air and measure the amount of carbon dioxide in it. You can also, from chemical fingerprints in the ice, you can work out at what temperature it formed. So then you get a correlation between carbon dioxide and temperature and time. And that showed a perfect relationship. You could see these Milankovitch cycles, you could see the three cycles, and you could see that carbon dioxide followed exactly the temperature. But with more detailed sampling, a totally different story came out. And the story was that you will get a period of natural warming and some 600 to 1600 years later, you get an increase in carbon dioxide. Now, we've known that from chemistry for 200 years. You know, if you want to sit down with a carbonated drink, like a champagne or a beer or a soft drink, commit a sin, don't drink it, just watch it. And as it warms up, it keeps bubbling out carbon dioxide. That's what happens to the oceans. So you warm the atmosphere and later the oceans will release carbon dioxide. So we know that from chemistry, we know it from looking at our soft drinks, we know it from the ice cores. That's an absolutely, totally different story to what we're told simply because it doesn't follow the popular paradigm.

[Host 1]

And what's really interesting now, actually, is that you're seeing a number of big name people who pushed this narrative who are now starting to roll back on it. Case in point, Bill Gates.

[Ian Plimer]

Well, science works like that. I, I mentioned Broken Hill earlier. I had published probably 60 or 80 papers on broken Hill. There was a new Mineral found some 15 years ago by some scientists at Broken Hill. They named it after me because of my work on Broken Hill. And I am the authority on Broken Hill. And I published a sequence of papers. And then when I went back and looked at the data and looked at new data, I thought, wait a minute, I don't think I'm right here. And so I went back and spent me years to, spent years to go back and look at this data and get new data. And I published a paper criticizing all of my early work, saying I was wrong, that this is a better interpretation. Now that's the way science works. You might come to a conclusion, but it's only tentative. And with more data, more thinking, more calculation, you'll come to a different answer. Now, Bill Gates is clearly thinking economically that this is nonsense with the amount of energy that he needs for AI. But many scientists are doing this in their life. When they get a little bit on in life, they will change their views on many things. It's based on thinking and it's based on new data. Or it might be based on the fact that they're no longer employed by an institute. And many people who've left these climate institutes, you will hear their real view.

[Host 2]

Well, here's where I'll permit myself to disagree with you though, Ian, because I think what Francis's point is, when Tony Blair and Bill Gates and others roll back on their previous advocacy for dealing with climate change through net zero, that's not a scientist changing his mind, having looked at different things.

[Ian Plimer]

No, that's an economic view.

[Host 2]

It's partly an economic view. I also think partly it's a political and cultural view because you are a seeing results in the real world, which is increased populism because energy being expensive ruins economies. And when economies are ruined, people get upset. And that has political ramifications. But I think it's also about the conversation around net zero has shifted dramatically in the Western world in the last two or three years. And a lot of people are now coming out and being critical of it for political reasons. They essentially sense which way the wind is blowing. I think there's a lot of that going on as well.

[Ian Plimer]

I do too, especially in Germany. I think there's been a very significant change there. And that's very much political, but it's also driven by the cost of energy. And the cost of energy now is crippling in this country. People have to make a decision whether they have a hot bath, whether they have a hot meal, or whether they put on the heating. Now, for a first world country, that's just impossible. That shouldn't happen. And people are starting to wake up. These people also vote. And this is why someone who might be pushing a different agenda gets attracted.

[Host 1]

And the thing that I find particularly worrying is what you're talking about is how there is an institutional capture in these scientific institutes. And you're thinking to yourself, well, that is really dangerous because if we can't trust what's coming out of the scientific institutions, then that ultimately is not just gonna undermine people's faith in climate science. They're gonna go, well, if I can't trust this, how can I trust this, how can I trust that? How can I trust medicine, vaccines, whatever else it is because they're lying about this. So why wouldn't they be lying about that?

[Ian Plimer]

I think it was because it was politicized and the politicians jumped on the bandwagon and the so called climate scientists could see that there was a pot of money here to keep their institute going, to have research grants, to run and go to conferences. And so once science is politicized, that's the end result. It's very dangerous. Other sciences are not as politicized and certainly my science, it is not politicized at all. And I, I think that's the end result once you politicize it. Once politicians are talking about climate change, you've only got to ask them a simple question, you know, they, they don't know what they're talking about. So politicizing science is dangerous. Politicizing various aspects of science which may or may not be important for say, defense or medicine. Terribly dangerous.

[Host 1]

And we're talking about the politicization of science. And look, I never thought of science as being something that was inherently political until relatively recently, until what we're talking about now, the climate, climate science, has it always been political or is that something new that's come in?

[Ian Plimer]

No, it's quite new. And I've been working as a scientist since 1968. I think it's come in from the 90s and there's a pot of money out there and scientists got the same weaknesses as everyone else. If they've potted money, they'll try to grab it. And virtually every university has a climate institute. And I think they, they don't ask the simple question, well, whatever we do can't change the global climate. Why are we doing it?

[Host 1]

And it's also as well, you have to be fair to scientists and go, look, if their research isn't going to get published or if it's going to negatively affect their career, then why would they publish research? People only respond to incentives. Client scientists, however smart or brilliant they might be, are still human beings.

[Ian Plimer]

That's exactly right. So it's all about the money. And so many universities now have climate institutes because that's where the money is. So many people are getting whacking big research grants because governments don't want to be accused of ignoring climate.

[Host 2]

Well, that being the case, I think it'd be interesting to talk about. You mentioned that we are likely to revert to the mean, which is warmer, wetter, as I think you said. And you said a third thing as well. Warmer, wetter and something else. Higher sea levels, warmer, wetter and higher Sea levels, which I would argue, based on my very rudimentary understanding of just human society as it is today, given the number of people living on the planet, those things will be disruptive. And if they are inevitable, all that money that we've been spending trying to stop the inevitable change in climate and sea levels ought to be being spent on making adjustments to the way we live and creating all sorts of, you know, the sorts of things they do in Holland to manage sea levels, to protect towns and cities isn't one of the things that's really the tragedy here is there's been a huge misallocation of resources that has impoverished Western countries and at the same time as leaving them vulnerable to the very thing that they are trying to prevent but can't.

[Ian Plimer]

Yes, very much so. Natural processes are fairly slow. In the case of Holland, they've been doing it for a thousand years. That is because of the land sinking. South eastern England is sinking. Scotland is rising, both politically and physically. This is a normal process. In Scandinavia, it was once covered by five kilometres of ice that pushed down the rock. That ice is gone. Scandinavia is rising. We've got old survey records going back centuries. We've got old beaches in Norway that are 340 meters above sea level. So we know the land goes up and down it. Go to the biblical town of Ephesus, that was a port. It's inland and above sea level. A little bit further south, go to Lydia. That's where gold coins were first made and first minted. I've been to Lydia down the main street in a yacht. So the land level's going up and down all the time and we humans have adjusted to that.

[Host 2]

Well, I took my mum the other day to Pevensey Castle, which is just down the road from London on the south coast, and you go to one of the towers and they say this was, you know, this is where they would defend themselves from the sea. You can't see the sea because it's now seven miles inland or two, I can't remember how many miles. But you can't even remotely even imagine the sea being there because it's so far away. So these processes, natural. But what I'm asking you, Ian, is I think one of the big challenges is we've got to redirect our attention from, oh, we've got to stop runaway climate change, to realizing we can't stop climate change because we're not causing it. So what is it that we need to do to ensure humans are thriving on the planet?

[Host 1]

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[Host 2]

big challenges is we've got to redirect our attention from oh, we've got to stop runaway climate change to realizing we can't stop climate change because we're not causing it. So what is it that we need to do to ensure humans are thriving on the planet?

[Ian Plimer]

Adapt. We've always done it and there's never been a problem. We do know that when it's colder, you have more wars, you have more disease, and you have more people die. We have people have a decreased longevity in cold periods of time. So we've always known this. And when we look at deaths, there's been a survey done, a medical survey of 34 million deaths related to climate. And more than 90% of people, if they have a climate related death is due to the cold, not the warm. So we are already adapting. And that's the one thing we humans can do. We can adapt and adapt very, very quickly. A rising sea level, it's not overnight. The one geological process that would be difficult to adapt to very quickly would be an asteroid impact. And the chances of that decrease all the time as the solar system settles down even more. But we can adapt. These things don't happen overnight. They take time. Climate change doesn't occur between Thursday and Saturday. It takes a very long period of time. And humans have adapted before. We'll do it again and probably much better because we're a technological species now.

[Host 1]

One of the things that I Found concerning about the whole climate change debate is we know that humans have a very real impact on the world and they have a very detrimental impact when we think about ecology, when we think about sea life, when we think about animal life. But we don't tend to talk about that anymore, Ian, because the moment we talk about humans impact on the world, we talk about climate change, when actually there's so many more important or just as important things that we need to talk about and address like pollution, microplastics, et cetera.

[Ian Plimer]

Well, we've got the eight major rivers that are putting plastics into the ocean. We've got the oceans with a large amount of microplastics. We have changed climate at say, Mount Kilimanjaro by forest clearing. We've had less precipitation on Mount Kilimanjaro. That, that's fairly well established. But we are probably in the western world polluting less than we did 200 years ago. And that's because we're wealthy. But you go to parts of the third World, it's just disgusting how dirty it is and how dangerous it is. They are the real problems. And what I find difficult to understand is that to solve the world's climate crisis, whatever that is, is we are knocking down forests to put in wind turbines. These wind turbine blades have poisonous chemicals in them, they've got asbestos in them. And we are cutting swathes of forest, killing off wildlife, doing the same with offshore wind turbines to save the planet. It's a bit like in Vietnam, you know, we had to destroy the village to save it.

[Host 1]

Yeah. It just doesn't make sense because when I hear scientists talking about this, we should be talking about other things like species extinction. And also as well you go, the whole thing doesn't make sense because we're so interested in essentially de. Industrializing. Yeah. It seems every. I think it's every week China opens two new coal power stations. Yes, you go. None of this actually seems to make any type of logical sense.

[Ian Plimer]

No, well, it doesn't. But these are the cold, hard facts. And China's using Australian coal in these power stations. Yet in my country, we've got thousands of years of coal there. We're trying to ban the use of coal to generate electricity for ourselves, which is cheap and reliable, yet we're very happy to sell it to China and buy back their value added products. So we are killing off very large areas of prime agricultural land putting in solar panels. And these are contaminating the ground. These are destroying good farmland. And again, we buy these from China. That have been made with our coal and we buy them at an elevated price. So I think the world's going through one of its periods of going mad.

[Host 1]

But I think, and we've touched on it before, we are starting to see common sense start to come to the fore. Is that true in the scientific community or is it still very much captured, do you think?

[Ian Plimer]

Follow the money. The money hasn't dried up in the scientific community. If a government decided that we would like to spend a lot of money on research on the next inevitable glaciation and cycles of climate, and what can we expect? You'd immediately find a stampede in the other direction for people to get funded for their research looking at a potential glaciation. So I don't think science is changing yet because the money's still there, but I think the community's changing because it's burning their pocket.

[Host 2]

I'm sure you've had this question before, but very much in that spirit, you're obviously someone who's worked in the mining industry. Some people will say your beliefs are driven by. You said yourself, follow the money. This is a convenient belief for you to have, given that this is the industry you've worked in all your life. What do you say to that?

[Ian Plimer]

Well, there are a number of CEOs of major mining companies who are very green and who are going down the path of having electric vehicles, having greenwashed operations. In my case, my views arose well before I was in the mining industry and they will change depending upon the data. The mining industry, especially the petroleum industry, understands climate change very well because they constructed, probably 50 years ago, a sequence of sea level curves based on climate, based on sediments. And this is a guide as to where to find oil, it's where to find coal, where to find gas. So we practically apply everything I've been saying about sea levels and about carbon dioxide to look for oil. I'm not a petroleum geologist, but to look for oil and gas. So I'm fortunate in the position I have now where I have more freedom than I ever had when I was in the academic world. Far more freedom. I can basically say what I think and it's interesting.

[Host 2]

I remember I've always had questions about this because there were. There's just things about the whole climate narrative never made entire sense to me. So I remember would have been probably 25, 30 years ago. My grandfather was a scientist and he had many friends who were scientists. I remember talking to somebody, one of his friends, and I asked him, well, what. What about this climate thing, you know, is it is, it really the consensus. And he said there are a lot of scientists who think this is happening for this reason. But he said the people that are dissenters make me question because they are usually the most brilliant and talented ones who are, but they have to take a risk to speak out. And it, it does sound to me, based on what you're saying and other people we've spoken to, that the things that you're saying are just quite hard to say in the social context. And if people have watched this interview or listened to this interview and gone, well, you know, this is a bit out there, climate denier, or of all this other stuff, I just go back to the point Francis made earlier. Well, you know, scientists or some scientists have been running around for years now saying if you say that your name is Stacy, you become a woman. Right? That's been the thing that we've all been told to believe. And there's lots of other examples I could give. So this idea of groups of people, you know, our friend Douglas Murray, the madness of crowds, groups of people going crazy, I mean, it's a pretty common thing, actually.

[Ian Plimer]

I think it is. I think it is. Well, my first book on climate change, Heaven and Earth, came out while I was a chair at the University of Adelaide, Created a storm because no one had dared to do that. And I integrated history, archaeology and geology. I looked at previous agriculture that might have been done in the north of England. I looked at Stone Age societies and how they adapted to climate. I tried to cover the whole spectrum. I had about three and a half thousand scientific references in that book. I published that while I was in a university and it wasn't liked. So I guess it's if you're crazy or if you're skeptical about everything, which you should be as a scientist, you should be skeptical about everything, then I'm being quite consistent. But I also had in the same building where I was in Adelaide, a climate institute. And they were very generously funded compared with my department, where people actually went and became a productive member of society. All of their graduates ended up working in another climate institute. I don't see that's being productive for society.

[Host 1]

And Ian, when we talk about climate, we also talk about green technologies. Then the people will say, you know, these are, you know, they're doing very well. You know, they're going to be able to replace certain technologies that we have. Where do you stand on green technologies? Are there some that are actually good and you think will make a positive impact? Are there some that are just not There or are there others that you go, look, this is a busted flush. We need to stop funding this.

[Ian Plimer]

Well, I think with all new technologies you've got to actually fund it to a point where you can say, I don't think this is going to work. And I think it's been wonderful to stimulate green technologies. I'm yet to see any green technology that makes processes more efficient and more cost effective, but that doesn't mean you stop trying them. And I think this green transition is going down the inevitable path where western countries will have more nuclear power. That's the transition. It's not a transition away from coal because the annual consumption of coal keeps increasing and it has been doing that for about 120 years. So what it's pushing us towards is looking at nuclear fusion even more looking at other nuclear processes. There are some nuclear processes floating around where the cooling systems are very different using say liquid sodium are very different from water cooled systems. I think it's edging towards a technology boom where we will be changing the use of energy because every time you turn on a switch, you're using energy. The amount of energy we humans are using individually is increasing enormously. It has to be cheap. Unless it's cheap, you cannot run an industrial society. To de industrialize a society with expensive energy is not very sensible. So I think to have a green revolution is wonderful because ultimately the market says no, this is a busted flush, it's not going to work.

[Host 1]

And why is it that we don't talk about nuclear energy more? Why is it that when I read in the newspapers we're talking about nuclear power plants being actually shut down? Is it because we see Fukuyama and we get worried about a disaster like the Fukushima. Fukushima.

[Host 2]

Francis Fukuyama has made a lot of mistakes, but having a nuclear meltdown isn't one of them.

[Host 1]

Well, you could say the end of history was a nuclear meltdown, but yeah, agree. So Fukushima, or is it just a hangover from, you know, the Cold war where we, our entire generation thought we were going to die in a nuclear war?

[Ian Plimer]

I think it's very complicated. It's easy to frighten people with nuclear because you can't see it, you can't taste it, you can't smell it and if you've got a reactor near your house, you think, oh, it's going to blow up. Well, some reactors, it's impossible for them to blow up. The second thing is I think there's been an enormous amount of disinformation as part of Cold War tactics, and that continues. The third thing is that nuclear power, countries like France went to nuclear power because there was a crisis and that was the oil crisis. And now they are flush with cheap energy, which is nuclear. So I think it's very easy to scare people with nuclear. I think there's been quite a process that has been going on since Cold War times, using Cold War tactics. It's clearly not the only thing we should be having for energy. We should have an energy mix for all the right reasons. And I think nuclear obviously will come when there's an energy crisis. That's how France got into being a nuclear country. And there's tiny countries like Slovenia, 3 million people, it's nuclear powered, so why can't we in countries do the same?

[Host 2]

Ian, it's been great having you on. We're going to head over to Substack where our audience will get to ask you their questions. But before we do, what's the one thing we're not talking about as a society that we really should be?

[Ian Plimer]

I think we're not talking about enough about the unstitching of Western society, the attacks on our culture and the breakdown of society and processes that took thousands of years to build. And that is underpinned by, in many ways, Christianity. And it's underpinned by some of the things we've been talking about, the scientific method. I just don't think we're talking about how to think, how to think critically, how to use our history to enrich the future.

[Host 2]

Well, we do that on the show as much as we possibly can. Thanks for coming on and talking to us. Head on over to triggerpod.co.uk where you get to ask Ian your questions.

[Host 1]

What role do you see advanced technologies like AI driven modeling playing in reshaping the climate debate, especially when geological data spans millions of years?

[Ian Plimer]

Sa.