Ukraine Funds Paused, Trump Addresses Congress, Tariffs Begin

Summary

NPR's Up First: Ukraine Funds Paused, Trump Addresses Congress, Tariffs Begin
Release Date: March 4, 2025

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1. Pause of U.S. Military Aid to Ukraine

Host Introduction: Leila Fadel opens the episode by announcing a significant development in U.S. foreign policy: President Trump's decision to pause military aid to Ukraine following a contentious Oval Office meeting.

Key Discussion: Michelle Martin inquires about the White House's intentions behind withholding weapons from Ukraine. Joanna Kakisis, NPR's Ukraine correspondent, provides deeper insights.

Notable Points:

• Pause Details:
  Leila Fadel (00:03): "President Trump paused military aid to Ukraine after a disastrous meeting in the Oval Office last week."

• White House Intentions:
  White House Official (02:20): The administration aims to review the aid to determine its contribution to peace efforts amid ongoing Russian attacks.

• Impact on Ukraine:
  Joanna Kakisis (02:53): The pause affects at least $1 billion in weapons and ammunition. While Ukraine might sustain for about six months without U.S. aid, crucial systems like Patriot air defense and Starlink communications are irreplaceable.

• Historical Context:
  Joanna Kakisis (05:26): In 2023, Trump previously directed Congress to delay a Biden-administered military aid package, leading to weakened Ukrainian defenses and increased Russian advances.

• Ukraine's Response and Options:
  Joanna Kakisis (05:57): Europe is stepping up support, with the EU planning to boost its defense spending by €800 billion. However, the absence of U.S. support poses long-term challenges for Ukraine.

Notable Quote: Joanna Kakisis (02:53): "This is the worst case scenario for Ukrainians since the US has been the country’s strongest single ally since Russia's full-scale invasion three years ago."

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2. President Trump's Speech to Congress

Introduction to the Topic: Leila Fadel highlights President Trump's upcoming major speech to a joint session of Congress, marking his first such address of the term.

Key Discussion: Danielle Kurtzleben, NPR's White House correspondent, elaborates on the expected content and implications of Trump's speech.

Notable Points:

• Speech Themes:
  Danielle Kurtzleben (07:10): The theme centers on the "renewal of the American dream," focusing on Trump's accomplishments in his first six weeks, dismantling Biden's policies, and consolidating executive power.

• Legislative Requests:
  Michelle Martin (07:55): Trump is expected to request increased funding for border security and the extension of tax cuts from his first term.

• Controversial Actions:
  Danielle Kurtzleben (07:48): Trump has engaged in actions like moving immigrants to Guantanamo Bay, diminishing transgender rights, and appointing Elon Musk to influence federal agencies.

• Ukraine-Zelenskyy Conflict:
  Danielle Kurtzleben (09:06): Trump may address the proposal to involve U.S. revenue from Ukraine's mineral resources as a pathway to broker peace between Ukraine and Russia.

• Democratic Response:
  Michelle Martin (09:47): Senator Alyssa Slotkin is poised to respond, highlighting issues like potential Medicaid cuts and defending against Trump's Ukraine policies. Additionally, Melania Trump is expected to feature a guest victim of revenge porn, aligning with her advocacy against online abuse.

Notable Quotes:

• Danielle Kurtzleben (07:06): "He will have all the pomp and gravity of that kind of speech."
• Michelle Martin (07:55): "Trump is going to ask Congress to spend more money on border security."

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3. Escalation of U.S.-Canada-Mexico-China Trade Tariffs

Introduction to the Topic: Michelle Martin discusses the intensifying trade tensions as President Trump implements new tariffs affecting Canada, Mexico, and China.

Key Discussion: Jackie Northam, NPR's international affairs correspondent, provides an analysis of the tariffs' implications and international responses.

Notable Points:

• Tariff Details:
  Michelle Martin (10:34): U.S. tariffs on Canadian and Mexican goods took effect at midnight, while tariffs on Chinese imports were doubled to 20%.

• White House Justification:
  Leila Fadel (10:51): The administration cites efforts to curb the flow of fentanyl and enhance border security as primary motivations.

• International Reactions:
  Jackie Northam (11:17):

  • Canada: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau vows to impose 25% tariffs on approximately $100 billion worth of U.S. goods, including lumber and bourbon. Ontario's Premier Doug Ford warns of potential cuts to energy imports.
  • Mexico: President Claudia Sheinbaum is expected to respond later in the morning, though specifics remain pending.
  • China: In retaliation, China announced tariffs up to 15% on various U.S. products like wheat and cotton.

• Economic Impact:
  Jackie Northam (12:37): The tariffs have already affected stock markets and strained U.S.-Canada relations, especially amidst the upcoming Canadian elections. Trudeau's Liberal Party is gaining traction as opposition parties liken themselves to Trump, leading to shifting political dynamics in Canada.

• Potential Trade War:
  Michelle Martin (12:24): Canada and China are poised to escalate their retaliatory measures, raising fears of a full-blown trade war with significant economic repercussions.

Notable Quotes:

• Michelle Martin (12:40): "They want to come at us hard. We're going to come back twice as hard."
• Jackie Northam (13:03): "There's a lot of anger in Canada about Trump's actions... it's playing out in federal politics in an election year."

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Conclusion

The episode of Up First delves into pivotal issues shaping the global and domestic landscape:

1. U.S. Military Aid to Ukraine: Trump's pause raises critical concerns about Ukraine's defense capabilities against Russian aggression and the broader implications for U.S.-European alliances.

2. Trump's Address to Congress: The upcoming speech is set to outline Trump's aggressive policy shifts, legislative priorities, and his approach to international diplomacy, particularly regarding Ukraine.

3. Trade Tariffs Escalation: The implementation of tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China signifies a significant shift in U.S. trade policy, with immediate and potentially long-term economic and political consequences.

Final Notable Quote: Michelle Martin (13:03): "Canada could also cut off shipments of things like uranium and potash, which is a fertilizer widely used by American farmers."

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Produced by:
Miguel Macias, Roberto Rampton, Tara Neal, Alice Wolfley, Muhammad El Bardisi
Production Team: Zia Butch, Nia Dumas, Chris Thomas
Engineering Support: Arthur Laurent, Carly Strange

Stay Informed:
For more in-depth coverage, tune into NPR's Morning Edition and support your local NPR station at donate.npr.org.

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This summary is based on the transcript provided and intended for informational purposes for those who have not listened to the episode.

Transcript

[Leila Fadel]

President Trump paused military aid to Ukraine after a disastrous meeting in the Oval Office last week.

[Michelle Martin]

What is the White House trying to pressure Ukraine to do by holding back weapons?

[Leila Fadel]

I'm Layla Fadel. That's Michelle Martin, and this is up first from NPR News. Trump addresses Congress tonight after a dizzying first six weeks in the White House with questions around the legality of mass layoffs of federal workers, a major shift in U.S. foreign policy and his push to conceal consolidate executive power. What will Trump's message to Americans be?

[Michelle Martin]

And Trump's new tariffs on Canada, Mexico and China are rattling markets and sparking retaliation. They want to come at us hard. We're going to come back twice as hard. Canada and China are already hitting back with tariffs of their own, raising fears of an all out trade war. Stay with us. We'll give you the news you need to start your day.

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[Michelle Martin]

Will pause military aid to Ukraine as the country continues to defend itself from.

[Leila Fadel]

Russian attacks, A White House official told NPR the administration wants to review the aid to see if it is contributing to peace. The decision comes after President Trump and Vice President Vance berated Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in an Oval Office meeting last Friday.

[Michelle Martin]

Joining us now to talk about all this is NPR's Ukraine correspondent Joanna Kakisis. Joanna, good morning.

[Joanna Kakisis]

Good morning, Michelle.

[Michelle Martin]

Joanna, do we know what this pause will affect, what kinds of weaponry, et cetera, it will cover?

[Joanna Kakisis]

Well, Michelle, we don't know a whole lot. So far, this pause appears to affect at least $1 billion in weapons and ammunition en route and on order for Ukraine. It's unclear whether this pause also includes cutting off intelligence sharing, a partnership that has helped Ukraine strategize and plan. I should emphasize that this is the worst case scenario for Ukrainians since the US has been the country' strongest single ally since Russia's full scale invasion three years ago. And it's painful for Ukrainians because President Zelensky has repeatedly thanked the US for helping his country and Ukrainians say they are fighting to preserve American style liberty and democracy.

[Michelle Martin]

Do you have a sense of whether this was a surprise in Ukraine?

[Joanna Kakisis]

Well, there hasn't been much official reaction yet, though a member of Ukraine's Parliament said lawmakers have been in meetings to find alternatives to usaid. I've been speaking with Ukrainians over the last few days and many say they were expecting something like this. Even before Friday's debacle in the Oval Office, President Trump was repeating Kremlin talking points, for example, claiming it was Ukraine, not Russia, that started the war. And the Trump administration has not been pushing back on some of Moscow's demands, including Ukraine giving up territory and a path to NATO membership.

[Michelle Martin]

Do you have a sense of what kind of impact pulling this aid will have, recognizing like you just said, that we're not exactly sure what it covers, but do you have a sense even now of what kind of impact this is going to have?

[Joanna Kakisis]

Well, Michelle, there might not be an immediate impact. A member of the Ukrainian Parliament's defense Committee said today that Ukraine might be able to hold on for about six months without U.S. aid. Ukraine's defense industry has also been growing exponentially since Russia's 2022 invasion. So some supplies can also come from Ukraine itself. For example, Ukraine has become a powerhouse manufacturer of drones, which can replace artillery to some extent on the battlefield. But Ukraine can't replace everything like Bradley fighting vehicles or JEE GPS guided rockets, or crucially, Patriot air defense systems, which are key to protecting Ukrainian cities from nightly attacks by Russian drones and missiles. And also there is the Starlink system owned by Trump ally Elon Musk. Starlink helps the military communicate.

[Michelle Martin]

You know, I think people might remember that Ukraine already has some experience with the US holding back military aid. In 2023, Trump directed Republicans in Congress to stall a multibillion dollar package which had been proposed by the Biden administration. Can you just remind us what then?

[Joanna Kakisis]

Yeah. Well, holding up military aid back then certainly had a clear impact. The lack of air defense systems meant Ukrainian cities were less protected from Russian attacks, as were Ukraine's thermal power plants, which Russia repeatedly bombed and largely destroyed. And soldiers on the front line ran so low on artillery shells that they had to ration them. Some military analysts here say Russia, as a result, was able to take key cities because of weakened Ukrainian defenses.

[Michelle Martin]

So, Joanna, before we let you go, what are Ukraine's options?

[Joanna Kakisis]

Well, Michelle, Europe has stepped up its support, and recent research shows that the bloc could make up the difference in military aid, at least for a while. This morning, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen also laid out a plan for the EU to boost its own defense spending by about 800 billion euros. But without the US defending Ukraine and Europe will be challenging, especially in the long run.

[Michelle Martin]

That is NPR's Joanna Kakissis in Kyiv. Thanks, Joanna.

[Joanna Kakisis]

You're welcome, Michelle.

[Michelle Martin]

President Trump will deliver a major speech to a joint session of Congress tonight.

[Leila Fadel]

Yeah, it's the first such address of his term, so it's not formally called the State of the Union, but it will have all the pomp and gravity of that kind of speech. This is one of the president's most visible moments of the year. It usually has a big primetime television, and it comes as Trump has been upending longstanding norms of American government and diplomacy.

[Michelle Martin]

For more on what we might expect, we have White House correspondent Danielle Kurtzleben here with us. Good morning, Danielle.

[Danielle Kurtzleben]

Good morning, Michelle.

[Michelle Martin]

Has the White House said anything about what the president will talk about tonight?

[Danielle Kurtzleben]

Not a lot. We know broad strokes, but the White House hasn't given reporters the kind of preview information that they often do ahead of these speeches. Now, they have said the theme is the renewal of the American dream. And one thing you can definitely expect is to hear Trump talk about what he counts as his accomplishments. For example, the steps he's taken in the past six weeks to get rid of Joe Biden's policies and also just to do what Trump told his base he would do during the campaign. Now, a lot of those moves are aggressive, to put it mildly. And there are things that are being challenged in the courts. So moving immigrants to Guantanamo Bay, diminishing transgender people's rights, and not to mention bringing on an unelected billionaire Elon Musk to gut federal agencies.

[Michelle Martin]

Jenny, I'm thinking about my time as a White House correspondent and my recollection is that the presidents usually ask Congress to do something. So and I recognize what you said, that there hasn't been the kind of preview we were used to getting. But do we have a sense of what kind of legislation President Trump might be looking for?

[Danielle Kurtzleben]

Yes, we do know he's going to ask Congress to spend more money on border security. We also expect him to ask for another top legislative priority, which is extending tax cuts passed in his first term. But one thing that I would add is there's this, there's a pretty unusual dynamic hanging over this speech. This Congress, which is narrowly controlled by Republicans, they have been remarkably acquiescent to Trump's norm shattering moves. And that acquiescence has come even as Trump has consolidated wide ranging governmental powers into the executive branch, including powers that Congress historically has had, things like imposing tariffs.

[Michelle Martin]

And the speech is also coming on the heels of that just remarkable, you know, contentious meeting last week with Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, that, you know, that fight in the Oval Office that we've talked so much about. Do you have a sense of whether Trump is going to address that in these remarks tonight?

[Danielle Kurtzleben]

Well, he has said he will be talking about that proposal under which the US Would get some revenue from Ukraine's mineral resources. It's part of how Trump wants to broker a peace deal between Ukraine and Russia, that mineral deal. Now, a reporter asked Trump yesterday if the mineral deal is dead after that fight, and Trump seemed to leave the door open.

[Michelle Martin]

Well, I'll let you know we're making a speech.

[Leila Fadel]

You probably heard about it tomorrow night. So I'll let you know tomorrow night.

[Michelle Martin]

But no, I don't think so. I think it's, look, it's a great deal.

[Danielle Kurtzleben]

Now, he has also said he's been talking to European leaders and it does sound like we'll hear more about this tonight. Now, Democrats, for their part, their response to the speech will be from Michigan Senator Alyssa Slotkin, who worked at the CIA prior to holding office, and she's been attacking Trump on Ukraine a lot in recent weeks.

[Michelle Martin]

So, you know, one of the things that I think a lot of people look for, including, you know, not the political professionals, but just people in the audience, is what's the mood in the room? What are the theatrics of the speech? Any sense of what we might expect there?

[Danielle Kurtzleben]

Well, you'll see Democrats continuing to try to figure out how to respond to Trump. And this will be an opportunity to do that. They'll have guests like fired federal workers and Medicaid recipients, the latter presumably to highlight the possibility that Republicans cut that program. Now, President Trump, we don't know who his guests are yet, but Melania Trump will have a guest who was a victim of revenge porn. And that's part of the first lady's push to combat that type of online abus.

[Michelle Martin]

That is NPR's Danielle Kurzleben. Daniel, thank you.

[Danielle Kurtzleben]

Thank you.

[Michelle Martin]

President Trump's trade war is escalating. U.S. tariffs on Canada and Mexico took effect at midnight, and tariffs on Chinese imports were doubled to 20%. In response this morning, Beijing announced tariffs of up to 15% on an array of US products, including wheat, corn, cotton and chicken.

[Leila Fadel]

The reason given for these tariffs? The White House says it wants to stop the flow of fentanyl going into the US from these countries. When it comes to Canada and Mexico, border security is also one of President Trump's main motivations.

[Michelle Martin]

The stock markets have already reacted to this news, taking an early hit on Monday, but so too have relations between the U.S. and its neighbors. And NPR's international affairs correspondent Jackie Northam has been following all this. She's with us now. Good morning, Jackie.

[Jackie Northam]

Good morning, Michelle.

[Michelle Martin]

So President Trump has been warning that he's going to impose tariffs on Canada and Mexico. He had delayed them by a month, thinking, you know, leading to speculation he might be open to compromise. Any sense of why? Go ahead now.

[Jackie Northam]

Well, President Trump said on Monday that there was no room left for negotiations with Canada and Mexico. As you say, he announced the tariffs as a way to pressure both countries to curb the flow of fentanyl and migrants crossing illegally into the U.S. both countries have tried to work with the administration to satisfy those concerns, but it didn't seem to matter enough. And just after midnight, Trump imposed the tariffs, raising fears of a trade war with Canada and Mexico, as well as inflation here in the US Any response.

[Michelle Martin]

So far from Mexico and Canada?

[Jackie Northam]

Yeah. Mexican officials told NPR that an official response will come from President Claudia Scheinbaum later this morning. Earlier on Monday, she had pleaded for, quote, serenity and patience. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau immediately pledged to impose 25% import taxes on about $100 billion worth of U.S. goods, you know, everything from clothing and lumber to Florida orange juice and Kentucky bourbon. Trump placed lower tariffs, 10% on Canadian energy imports. You know, Canada sends a lot of heavy crude and hydroelectric power to the US and on Monday, Ontario's Premier Doug Ford indicated those imports are now at risk.

[Joanna Kakisis]

I will do everything, including cut off.

[Michelle Martin]

Their energy with a smile on my face. They rely on our energy. They need to feel the pain. They want to come at us hard. We're going to come back twice as hard.

[Jackie Northam]

And Michelle, Canada could also cut off shipments of things like uranium and potash, which is a fertilizer widely used by American farmers.

[Michelle Martin]

So whatever happens to these tariffs, whether they hold or not, has this action had an effect on U.S. canadian relationships?

[Jackie Northam]

Oh, certainly, yeah. There's a lot of anger in Canada about Trump's actions, not only the tariffs, but his constant jibes that Canada become the 51st state. And we're seeing it play out in federal politics in an election year in Canada. You know, before Trump came back to office, the opposition consumed Conservative party was 20 plus points ahead in the polls. But now Trudeau's Liberal Party is surging ahead in the polls and that's largely because leader of the opposition party Pierre Poliev is considered too much like Trump. He's known Canada's Trump light and Maple Maga. And now his poll numbers are tanking.

[Michelle Martin]

That is NPR's Jackie Northam. Jackie, thank you.

[Jackie Northam]

Thanks very much, Michelle.

[Michelle Martin]

And that's up first for Tuesday, March 4th. I'm Michelle Martin.

[Leila Fadel]

And I'm Leila Fadel. You for listening to Up First. You can find more in depth coverage of the stories we talked about today and so much more on NPR's Morning Edition, the radio show that Michelle Martin, Steve Inskeep, a Martinez and I host. Find Morning Edition on your local NPR.

[Michelle Martin]

[e-mail] Today's episode of Up first was edited by Miguel Macias, Roberto Rampton, Tara Neal, Alice Wolfley and Muhammad El Bardisi. It was produced by Zia Butch, Nia Dumas and Chris Thomas. We get engineering support from Arthur Laurent and our technical directors, Carly Strange. We hope you'll join us again tomorrow.

[Leila Fadel]

You better join us again tomorrow.

[Michelle Martin]

We'll leave us here by ourselves, not think about it.

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