Transcript
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Katy Charlewood (1:46)
Hello delicious friends and welcome to Herded what Now? The History podcast. That's not your history class with me, your host, Katy Charlewood, history harlot and reader of books. If you're thinking, wow, this sounds a bit different in this episode, well here's a fun fact. You'd be right. See, I'm currently in a hotel room in Paris right now and I am trying to record on a tiny, tiny laptop. It's the kind you get in a cereal box and with my replacement microphone they're both shit. But I am doing my best and hoping for the best. So I'm hoping everything will turn out fine with this. So I know what you're thinking. You're thinking, katie, quit your jibber jabba. In fact me. In fact you. I will. But first we've got to get a catch up. Where did we leave off? So let's get you back into style. Josephine was born in St. Louis, Missouri to a black mother and possibly probably white father. She grew up in poverty and Being resented by her mother. To escape her horrid home life, she got married twice, both times to a man named Willie. She made her way to New York as a chorus girl whose growth and popularity turned the gap between Josephine and her mother into a chasm. This resulted in Josephine leaving the States for punishment is where she skyrocketed, garnering fans and lovers alike. She gets to Paris, she's got her manager lover, the fake Count Giuseppe Pepita Albertino, who arranges for her to be in a movie. He is organizing everything her, because Josephine is very talented, but not the most organized of people. She is 21 years old, she's written her memoirs and then she stars in a film. And I think this is roughly where we left off last time. So her starring in this film, it is huge because she was the first black woman in the world to star in a major motion picture. Like, like mentioned in the previous episode, this was a time where primitivism was rife. It was so popular and it showed like it is in all of the media and it really showed in the movies. So she stars in Siren of the Tropics, which was a silent film. And the plot is that she's Zuzu, an innocent, wide eyed, primitive gal from the tropics who brings the Charleston to Paris. Guys, pals, friends, Romans, countrymen. This is so racist. Like, like, okay, at one point she falls into this like bin, a flower bin. So like baking flour, not like petal bouquet flour. She falls in and shock, horror. She's now white. And so she has to bathe to become her natural skin color again, which is like, you made her white. There's no reason to do that. Why did you have to do that? Okay, so she's not super fond of the movie role, you know, because it's racist and also because it doesn't really showcase all of her talents. Like, you'll see this with a lot of performers. Like, especially during this time period, they're like, yeah, movies were fine, but I couldn't do anything. I had no, I had no showcasing, I had no control. Like, it's this whole thing and like she's already dealing with all of this. And then there's this massive influx of Americans, right? And they are landing in Paris. Some are there to live, some are there to be tourists, but there's a good chunk of them. And around about the same time as this influx is happening. Willami, who is her favorite sibling out of all of her siblings, Willa Mae is her favourite and she has a back alley abortion, which was Majorly illegal at the time. Because, see, here's the thing. You cannot ban abortion. You can only ban safe abortion. And one of the reasons. Sidebar. One of the reasons why they are specifically criminalizing miscarriages. Because the medical term, the official medical term for miscarriage is spontaneous abortion. That is the correct terminology. And because of that, this is being utilized and twisted in order to keep the boot on women's necks, or at least on the necks of people who have the physical capabilities to gestate a fetus in a womb. Okay? So Willa May, she has complications from a botched abortion and she dies. Which, of course, was the perfect time for Josephine to go on tour in Europe, traveling around on the Orient Express, no less. All arranged by Count Pepito. No, Count Giuseppe Pepito Albertina, or not a count. So she performs all over Europe. Like, she is doing shows for the King of Sweden and Prince Gustav Adolf, the Duke of Westerboten. He was so into her. Like, she goes to the Swedish palace, and she actually has to go in through the city. Secret entrance. Like, not like, oh, going through the back by the bins. No, no, no. There's, like, a secret hidden entrance into the palace. And so she's led in here, and so she's brought in, and she ends up laying on a bed covered in furs. So she's laying on these furs, and the prince comes in with a cushion. On this cushion are gems, all of these gems. And he covers her entire body in jewels. We're talking diamonds, emeralds, rubies, the other shiny ones, like, all the good stuff. And so she's just, like, getting all this stuff. And, like, when she would travel on tour, it is alleged that she would charge 50,000 Belgian francs to spend the night with her. I don't know why. Specifically Belgian francs. I don't know if they had more economic value than French francs, but that's what she allegedly charged. And you know what? Someone wants to spend 50 grand to spend the night with you, let them. So she is, like, traveling. She's touring over Europe, and she has got fans all across the continent now. An abundance of fans isn't the only thing she's got. She's also got a good few monocles, right? She has all these nicknames, and they're all vaguely fetishizing, right? We've got Black Pearl, Black Venus Creole, Goddess. Now, if it's other black people saying this, I feel like that's probably okay. But you and I, gentle listener, both know that given the time period and the locale, it's more likely that it's a bunch of white people saying this stuff, like, the M. Sapiens people who look like me in the moonlight. Like, this is not your place, sir. This is not your place. Now, she may have had fans all over. However, she was not adored everywhere. So in 1928, like, she's in Vienna, like, she arrives in. And, you know, it's. It's just Austria at this point. It's no longer Austria, Hungary. There is a growing Nazi movement in the country. Like, back in Germany, like Hitler. He's not the Fuhrer yet, like, but the Reichstag. There are 12 seats held by the Nazis in the Reichstag at this point. And in Austria, that movement is also growing. So anti Semitism, racism, the whole shebang. So Josephine Baker gets off the train in Vienna and sees posters which are graffitied with Black Devil. I mean, you go from Black Venus to Black Devil, Actually, sidebar. In Ireland, we don't use the word black like osquelaga. In Irish, we don't use that to describe black people. We use that to describe the devil. So in Irish, black people aren't black, they're blue. So you wouldn't call someone a black person or squaliga. You wouldn't say dini do or whatever. You'd use, like, de nie gorm. So you'd use gorm, which is blue, as opposed to do, which is black. And that's just how it is. So when I saw Black Devil, it just made me go, huh. There's a funny sidebar. It's not that funny, but it's just interesting how language works, because, remember, the Irish had enough respect. Expect to change the term. Okay, that's just how it is. But back to Josephine, because she's a sexy woman who owns her sexuality. She's also protested by the Catholic Church as she tours, which was probably amplified because she was a black woman. And so, like, the original theatre that she had been booked to play, she couldn't play there. Like, the city council wouldn't allow it. They, like, withdrew her option to do so. And so she had to perform in a smaller venue. And she, like, opens up the show. And she's in this beautiful gown, absolutely stunning. 10 out of 10, no notes. Like, this is her new era. She was singing and wearing more than she ever did at the Folies Bergere. To this is like this transition of her public image. She's investing in her costumes, dazzling gowns, headpieces, the whole shebang. Things do get a bit wild in Prague, right? Fans try to storm her, like she's almost stampeded by her fans. And then she goes from Czechoslovakia to Hungary where she gets protested again in Budapest, where students just like lug ammonia bombs at the stage. They're throwing bleach at her, like, what? What? Basically their issue is like she's so rich. Like they're protesting because she's so rich while there's massive levels of poverty Hungary at the time, and she's being paid to perform there, but people are paying for tickets to perform. Like these students would have paid for tickets to see Josephine Baker perform. They paid her to do it and now they're throwing bombs at her. I'm not saying it was the best of plans, because it wasn't. Anyway, this is again the inter war period. You know, the Austro Hungarian Empire has been dissolved. The Treaty of Versailles saw to that, reparations are in place. The job market's not great. Like economically they are not doing well. Like unemployment's an all time high, poverty is rising and she's there, she's rich and she's being rich in front of them. Now, I'm not a fan of eating the rich because, you know, I feel like they'll probably taste very gamey. Nor am I one to rub someone's poverty in their face, but I do love a petty bitch. So Josephine Baker's response to having bleach bombs hurled at her is to ride around downtown Budapest in a carriage pulled by an ostrich, of all things. An ostrich. Now I don't recall seeing that scene in Fantasia, but apparently based on a true story, being a celebrity of the era, Josephine ends up picking up a stalker. And he is absolutely obsessed with her. Beyond obsessed. And so as she's touring, when she gets to Croatia, trigger warning, I'm gonna everyone just skip forward 10 to 15 seconds if you're sensitive. So yeah, as she's traveling, you know, the stalker is following her. And then when they get to Croatia, he does something very extreme. So what he does is he tries to commit suicide at her feet. He tries to end his life in front of her, like in her proximity, in her personal space. He does not succeed. But he tried. And that's not exactly a fun experience for anybody. But again, the show must go on. So she reaches Amsterdam in the Netherlands and her fans are intense, one might say, like they actually block the street, right? They just filled up the streets and there's so many of them, like she cannot move through them. So she's getting love in. What I'm gonna Call various intensities. And, yeah, she's like, midway through the tour at this point, and the not quite account Albertina, he gets her to go back to Paris. Like, he's like, let's go back here for a bit to recoup and get things organized before we move on to the second leg. And so she goes back and she's interviewed by all the newspapers and she announces that she is finished with the Charleston, like, done, that the banana skirt is gone, and that she has evolved. And she's like, also, by the way, I simply cannot live without Paris. She's like, I cannot live without Paris. I need it. I need it to breathe. It is my jam and my butter, baby. Right? She is really, really feeling it. She's into it and she wants to come back. Now, she stays in Paris for, like, not very long. And after this Parisian respite, she continues the tour, going global as she performs in South America. But there were racist demonstrations against her there, which really drives home to her. Like, it really drives home the fact that racism is everywhere. Like, it's not just in the USA or Vienna or anything like that. It is a global issue. Something that was gonna get worse because of the Great Depression. Now, for Josephine, like, she was quite lucky because just before the Great Depression hits in 1929, she buys her mansion, La Maison La Bochen. And so, like, this was. Was it 15 miles. 15 miles outside of Paris and was large enough to host her entire menagerie. Like, she's set this up. It's gonna be like her place. She gets it designed and she returns the toast of Paris. And so she ends up starring in this show. Now, I did see the name in one. In one of my notes as Swinging Paris, but I've seen it nowhere else. And I couldn't verify it because a lot of his documentation is just gone. But that was what one of them said. It could be something else. So she is in this, like, performance. And so Josephine and this other performer, a white performer, they're both in it, but they perform on different days. And, like, the idea was that they would perform their shows on alternate nights. But Josephine Baker, she was more popular than the white actress, singer, dancer, performer. Josephine Baker is so popular that she just. She just outshines this other performer. And in the show, she would do these three different scenes that represented each of the French colonies. Now, this catches the eye of some officials, and in 1931, she was invited to be Queen of the Colonies for the Paris Colonial Exposition. Like, the officials, they're so fucking Proud of themselves. Like, they're so proud of themselves for this idea. Like, they're so smug. Like, that being said, many Parisians weren't happy. One, because she wasn't French, two, because she wasn't fluent in French, and three, that her accent would be wrong. Oh, yeah, sorry. They were also worried that she was too old at the ripe old age of 25. Like, they danced around the whole racism thing quite nicely. Like, they. They managed to skip around that whole scenario and not mention that. But, yeah, like, it is a big exposition of the French colonies with a romanticized representation of these locales via a colonialist lens, Right? So it is showing the colonies through the eyes of the colonizers. And then they're like, give us more money so we can continue colonizing places. It was basically fundraising for colonialism. But, like, Josephine wouldn't have known that at the time. It would have just been like, we're gonna celebrate stuff. And she's like, hell, yeah. She didn't, like, see the nefarious part of it. Now she is busy. The Count has her on just, like, this wild schedule where she's just being boosted and just promoted and being everywhere, running from pillar to post and just. Just being put out there. Right. By the 1930s, she's performing so much and burning the candle at both ends because, yeah, the Count really good with a spreadsheet. Right before spreadsheets existed. She's in shows, she's in dances. She's in movies again, which, I mean, she's not super fond of this. But in her first talkie in 1934, Zuzu. That is the name. That is the name, right? It is the story of a laundress who grew up in the circus, and she's in love with her foster brother who gets falsely accused of murder. These plots are something else, by the way. So in this movie, she becomes a star while saving him from the guillotine, and he falls in love with the white lady instead. Right? And so it was at this point where Josephine Baker becomes the highest paid performer in the world. She's the highest paid movie star at this point. Like, and this is where the talkies. And this is, like, shocking to, like, the US because they're like, I'm sorry, but she's not a white person. So, like, the Count as well, I love this because he's like, I'm not missing out on promotion. Like, what he does is he has these stickers, stickers of Josephine Baker, and he has them put on these bananas in Paris because she's already known for like the banana skirt thing. And he's like, ah, here's an easy like segue. But it's not all movies and bananas, because soon tragedy strikes again.
