Transcript
Progressive Insurance Announcer (0:10)
This episode is brought to you by Progressive Insurance. Fiscally responsible financial geniuses, Monetary magicians. These are things people say about drivers who switch their car insurance to Progressive and save hundreds because Progressive offers discounts for paying in full, owning a home and more. Plus, you can count on their great customer service to help you when you need it. So your dollar goes a long way. Visit progressive.com to see if you could save on car insurance, Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates. Potential savings will vary. Not available in all states or situations.
Verizon Advertiser (0:44)
In a world where January is supposed to be boring, one staple of the holidays refuses to end the great deals at Verizon, the joy just keeps on coming. Right now you can save on four new phones and four lines. Critics agree it's the deal that keeps on giving. Come into Verizon and save on four new phones and four lines on unlimited. Welcome. Additional terms apply@seeverizeon.com for details.
Grow Therapy Advertiser (1:13)
Everywhere you turn, it's New Year, New Me. But growth isn't a glow up trend. It's a practice. Growth Therapy helps you do the real work with licensed therapists who meet you where you are, not where anyone else says you should be. Whether it's your first time in therapy or your 50th, grow makes it easier to find a therapist who fits you, not the other way around. They connect you with thousands of independent licensed therapists across the US offering both virtual and in person sessions, nights and weekends. You can search by what matters like insurance, specialty, identity or availability and get started in as little as two days. And if something comes up, you can Cancel up to 24 hours in advance at no cost. There are no subscriptions, no long term commitments, you just pay per session. Grow helps you find therapy on your time. Whatever challenges you're facing. Grow Therapy is here to help. Sessions average about $21 with insurance and some pay as little as $0 depending on their plan. Grow accepts over 100 insurance plans, including Medicaid in some states. The visit growtherapy.com acast today to get started. That's growththerapy.com acast growtherapy.com acast availability and coverage by State and insurance plan.
Katie Charlwood (2:52)
Hello delicious friends, and welcome to who did what Now? The History Podcast. That's not your history class with me, your host, Katie Charlwood, history harlot and reader of books. So I've been trying to gently segue into this topic for the last 44 minutes, but there really is no easy way to say that. The main comments I have had the main points of discussion that have been directed at me and in the last seven days have either been about Nazis or titties. Like, that's what it's been. Because I have had more professional requests and invitations regarding World War II and Nazi Germany like, than I've had in the last five and a half years. And on the other side, lots of people are either complaining about or complaining to other people about them. Complaining about my boobs because there's a whole issue with the fact that my body is simply too voluptuous for the Internet, apparently. And if I was skinny, like, there would not be an issue regarding my bosom, like, there would not be a concern if I was wearing the same outfits. But because I happen to have a fulsome set of fun bags, there seems to be an issue, right? But, ah, it's just made me more petty. Listen, we all know at this point that I claimed the history harlot out of pure unadulterated spite, because that's who I am as a person. Like, I ended up wearing like one of my show outfits, like last summer during a heat wave. It's a vinyl dress. And I wore it again during a heat wave in a country that is not used to heat, okay? And I did that out of pettiness and spite. That being said, if you're in Belfast on February 1st and you want to see me in said vinyl dress, I will be performing a live podcast. And one more thing. Yeah, we're gonna Columbo this. So there was a complaint on one of the social media posts for the Texarkana Moonlight Murders about the first podcast episode regarding that, like the first half and this, it was a clip was really weird though, because they were like, oh, you know, she's just like hawking all these books. And I just really wanted her to hurry up and get to the murder and mayhem, which, like serious talk, right? I recommend one book per episode and it's at the very end. So that was confusing for me. And it took me a second to realize they were complaining about the fact that I provide sources, right? I will always provide sources. I will always cite my sources in the podcast episode. Because, like, you shouldn't just take my word for anything, right? Like, you shouldn't, right? You. That's why I give you the information and you can go research it yourself. Like, a lot of the time when I'm researching things, I look for different opinions regarding the very topic I'm reading. Because that's how you get a full, encompassing view, right? Because nothing exists in a vacuum, right? And this is not a model podcast. This is a history podcast. So I'm gonna give you the context, the background, the lore, because history does not exist in a vacuum. And I'm not just gonna be all about the slashings and the killings and everything that happens because these were people. And victims are often just a footnote in their own stories. And I think it's disgusting. So I will always do my best to provide more information, like here and this and who did what now. And I will always endeavor to try. Okay? I will always endeavor to try. People matter because people make history. But I know what you're thinking. You're thinking, katie, it's been four and a half minutes. Quit your jibble jabber. Infact me in fact you I will. But first we've got to get our source on. Don't mind me. Just hawking some books. Our sources are Thai Non Resistance A Footnote to History by Kenneth P. Landon the Dynamics of Thai Royal Succession by Pran Jintrawet Royal Words and Their Unroyal Consequences by Christine Gray the King Never Smiles by Paul M. Handley by Pavan Chachabalponpun the Violent Death of King Ananda of Siam by Keith Sampson A Struggle for the Nation by Chandvit Kassatsiri the Devil's Discus by Rain Kruger Come with me from America to Asia for another tale of 1940s crime. On 9 June 1946, a young king is discovered dead in his palace bed from a gunshot wound. No witnesses, no explanation, nothing. Was it an accident or was it murder? Now I should warn you before we go any further that there will be moments where old defunct cough, colonial cough names will be used in historical context. And now I am well aware that for a lot of people out there, what they know about Thailand comes from either off colour jokes from comedians who thought they were hot shit in the 90s, and of course the Yul Brynner classic the King and I. So Ananda Mahadol, the first son of a third prince, was not expected to become a king of Siam, but the rain was thrust upon him on 2nd March 1935 when he ascended the throne as the King of Siam. And you may be thinking Siam okay, not Thailand. Well, that's because countries sometimes change their names after they have a coup or two. But for this to make sense, it's probably best that we slip into some context. So before the rise of the Thai kingdoms, a lot of what is present day Thailand was dominated by the Mon and Khmer civilizations, especially the Dvaravati Culture and the Khmer empire sempired at Angkor. Thai speaking people gradually migrated south from southern China, settling amongst existing populations. Over time they gained power and formed independent like states or provinces. Sukhothai is traditionally considered the first Thai kingdom in about 1238 after breaking away from Khmer control. It is remembered as a golden age of Thai culture where when the kingdom expanded and also promoted Theravada Buddhism and this was when the Thai writing system was developed. The kingdom eventually declined and was absorbed by Ayutthaya. Due to its strategic location for trade, Ayuthaya grew into a powerful and wealthy kingdom. It became a major regional power, engaging diplomacy and commerce with like India, Persia, China and European nations. European nations? Well that's a rookie mistake. The Ayodhya kingdom started around was it 1351 and it rose from the Lavo kingdom and as it evolved it absorbed the Siamese Sukhothai kingdom too. So during this time Thai culture, law and royal traditions became like more centralized and hierarchical. Now the kingdom fell after like 400 years when it was destroyed by the Burmese in 1767. After the fall, King Thaksin reunified the kingdom, but not without a rebrand. This was now the Thonburi kingdom whose capital was now, you guessed it, Thonburi. King Taksin's reign was focused on rebuilding the economy, restoring political stability and and of course defending against the Burmese. The kingdom was successful from a military standpoint, but shouting at an egg isn't going to fry it. And after 20 years Taksin's reign was overthrown which led to a new dynasty that is still reigning today. In 1782 Rama I founded the Chakri dynasty. And as king he decided that the capital of Siam should be s. No, it was Bangkok. So this new kingdom, it revived Ayutthaya's traditions while strengthening administration and culture. And basically the first three kings of the dynasty were focused on rebuilding the country after all of those devastating wars with burma in the 1700s. By the mid 19th century they are becoming increasingly aware of the modernities, the progression in technology and society of Europe because well, well, because the Victorians ruin everything. So for the next four kings, so that's Ramas four through to seven were pushing to modernize Siam. Meanwhile, Siam's neighbors were being conquered by the European powers. The Dutch had claimed the islands to the south. So like modern day Indonesia, the British annexed, see invaded the Malay peninsula which that's south and then Burma which was to the west. The French were litard Adanap and then took Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam to the east. So Siam is watching their neighbouring countries get annexed, invaded. And again, they're like, really good at the art of diplomacy. So Siam convinces France and Britain that it was better to have them as a neutral nation with on the Southeast Asian mainland. Like, it was better to do that than it was to let either of them take over. Because taking the country over would result in a power imbalance between the imperial nations. Like, they're very much going, like, if they invade me, right, then they take me over, then they can attack you. And if you take me over, like, it's the same thing. Like, one of us is going to be busy fighting each other instead of, you know, being the colonial powers that be in attacking all these other nations. Right. And, you know, the Brits and the French are like, fair enough, actually, yeah, we. We would rather go and just, you know, steal all this stuff from these people than have to deal with this, you know, especially when our actual countries are very close to one another and we don't need that hassle. Now, that being said, Siam did lose some territory, and by some, I mean, nearly half, like, to the French and the British. But the core of the kingdom was left whole. And all through this history, dynasty, the kingdom of Siam, it was ruled by an absolute monarchy. Right? So an absolute monarchy is when the head of the state, the person who makes all the decisions, like their word is law, effectively, that's your monarch, that's your sovereign. Yeah, that's who that is. But here's the thing. Modern Western countries were switching from absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. So instead of the king having absolute power and is limited by the laws set out by the constitution, so they're seeing this happening all over. Like, some countries are getting rid of monarchies altogether. They're just abolishing them, and others are creating these constitutional monarchies instead. And Siam's looking at that and they're like, you know what? We could. We could go for a bit of that. So a group of reformers staged a coup in 1932, basically overthrowing absolute monarchy to create a constitutional monarchy. So this is during this period between the First World War, the Great War and the Second World War. Like, it is what would commonly be called the interwar period. So a lot of nations, they'd changed and evolved. And these reformers in Siam, well, they thought, like, the country would benefit from. From not having one singular person with absolute power controlling over everything. Okay. Now, it would be silly to assume that all of the pressure came from an external force, but no, the People of Siam, right? They were pissed. Vajira Woot, the sixth king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty, Rama VI. I know you're shocked. He had reigned for 15 years, so 1910 to 1925. And so he had done, I'm going to say, a few interesting things, like he was really progressive in lots of ways. So he had initiated reforms. He had established military academies. And his first act of king was to build the Royal Pages College. And it would be posthumously named after him. And he'd also built. Well, he had built. He didn't like bricks and mortar himself. So he had this all boys boarding school built instead of the customary royal monastery, because he said there was already too many of those in Bangkok. And so this was actually based on the model of sort of all boys boarding schools, like in Britain, like Eton and things like that. Later, he raised the Civil servants School and the Chulalongkorn University. On top of this, he set up public hospitals. He also established the Wild Tiger Corps, a palamilitary corps outside the established military hierarchy. So, like, it started out as a ceremonial guard, but became a military force of 4,4000 in its first year. And it also had the tiger cubs, which is like the Boy Scouts. Now, the army, like the actual traditional military, were not super happy about the Wild Tiger Corps, and they saw that as a threat. And because, like, he was progressive, many radicals expected, like, a new constitution or when he had his coronation right, because he did all this stuff, he was planning all these things. And lots of people assumed that he was going to be moving away from absolute monarchy and towards a constitutional monarchy. But, yeah, this didn't happen. And so young army officers planned a coup for the 1st of April, 1912. But not April Fool's Day, like, but a traditional Siamese New Year's Day. They plan to make one of Vajiravud's half brothers the first president of Siam. But looselups sank ships. The captain who was selected to assassinate the king told Prince Chakrabongs, another of the king's half brothers. So all the conspirators are arrested and they're sentenced to everything from imprisonment to execution. But the king pardoned the men and released them. And he did it for the sake of the kingdom. So the king, he is building schools, universities, palaces, hospitals, the whole shebang, like. Then the First World War hits, and Siam has very minimal involvement. They joined the Allies in 1917. Siam lost 19 soldiers, right? So one, it shows up right at the end of the war and secondly, loses 19. And to what, you may ask? The Spanish flu. Also in 1917, the price of silver rose, making it higher face value than the silver coins, like it was on. And so he ends up banning the export of Siamese coins. And like post First World War economies, like all over the globe are struggling. So this is. He's trying to, you know, protect the wealth of the nation, like, which is interesting because he never really did. You'll see because, like, Siam also has, like, droughts and food shortages, and the king is still investing in infrastructure, building bridges and railroads, and the country has to take a loan from Britain. And then in 1925, he dies and his brother is king. So his brother, right, Rama vii, he's gonna deal with all of this because he has this big financial mess and the fact that all of the ministerial positions were a who's who of nepotism, princes appointed brothers, sons, cousins, etc. Which is not ideal. Another thing's like this chain reaction, right? So Britain then drops the gold standard, which completely buggers up Siam's exports, and it ends up making Siam rice more expensive, right? So they're having huge trouble trying to export, like, the same stuff they've been exporting for so long. And so in 1931, there's an economic depression. And so reformers said, enough is enough, right? Because you had all this funding that has been funneled out and into all of these things being built, which great to do, but you need to be able to finance that, you know, and so it becomes a constitutional monarchy. So, yes, a constitutional monarchy is where the monarch or sovereign, so king or queen, when they serve as the head of state, but they have limited powers. The elected officials, like the Parliament, the government, they hold the real power, right? They have the ability to make and pass legislation. The thing is, this new government was not as democratic or as efficient as as desired. And this country had known absolute monarchy for centuries. And now the people were struggling with this new authority. And what followed was six years of political instability. Field Marshal Plague Fibon Songram, the commander of the army, seized power and named himself prime minister in 1938. And one of the first things he does after taking over is he changes the name of the country from Siam to Thailand, which means Land of the Free. Then a year later, in 1939, the Second World War started. And you might be wondering, where is this young king in all of this? Well, the safest place he could possibly be. Sweatzerland.
