Who invented the Helicopter?

Summary

Who Smarted? – How did Skiing help people survive?

Podcast Summary – Episode from February 27, 2026
Host: Trusty Narrator (with Ski Instructor/Snowshoe Hare & Chet Nickerson)
Podcast: Who Smarted? Educational Podcast for Kids

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Episode Overview

This episode of Who Smarted? dives into the history, science, and fun facts about skiing, with a central focus on the question: How did skiing help people survive? True to the show’s signature style, the exploration is full of wit, interactive questions for listeners (smarty pants), and vivid, imaginative exchanges between the Trusty Narrator and a comedic Snowshoe Hare ski instructor. While tracing skiing’s ancient roots and evolution into a global sport, the episode covers not just the historical purpose of skiing for survival, but also equipment, ski culture, and the science behind the sport, making both kids and adults laugh and learn along the way.

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Key Discussion Points & Insights

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1. Where and When Did Skiing Originate?

• Skiing began in snowy, mountainous regions of northern Europe and Asia.
• The oldest skis discovered date between 8,000 and 7,000 BCE, in Russia.

  "The oldest skis were found in Russia and date back to between 8,000 and 7,000 BCE." – Ski Instructor (03:20)

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2. Why Was Skiing Invented?

• Initially, skiing was a matter of survival, not sport.
• It allowed ancient people to travel, hunt, and transport goods in snow too deep for walking.

  "Early skiing was needed for survival as it allowed people in snowy areas to travel, to hunt for food, and carry things if the snow was too deep to walk across." – Ski Instructor (03:48)

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3. When Did Skiing Become a Sport?

• Recreational and competitive skiing emerged in Scandinavia in the mid-1800s.
• Before that, skiing served as a military tool in Norway from at least 1200 CE, and military ski competitions began in 1767.

  "Skiing had been used for military purposes. Skis were used in warfare in Norway as far back as the year 1200. But it wasn’t until around 1767 that military ski competition started." – Ski Instructor (05:46)

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4. Skiing in the Olympics

• Skiing officially joined the Olympics as Alpine skiing at the 1936 Winter Games.
• Nordic skiing appeared earlier, in the 1924 Winter Olympics.

  "Skiing officially became an Olympic sport when Alpine skiing debuted at the 1936 Winter Games... Nordic skiing was in the first Winter Olympics in 1924." – Trusty Narrator & Ski Instructor (11:42–12:26)

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5. Essential Ski Equipment and Safety

• Basic Gear: Skis, ski poles, helmet, goggles (or helmet with built-in goggles), waterproof winter clothing (jacket, snow pants, thick socks), and crucially, special ski boots and bindings (which release during a fall for safety).

  "Ski boots are hard boots — really hard — and they have buckles that link to the bindings. These bindings attach your ski boots to your skis, helping you control the ski as you steer and maneuver..." – Ski Instructor (10:42)

• Jacket tip: Ski jackets are made for skiing—waterproof, equipped with snow protection, a hood that fits over your helmet, and ventilation.

  "A ski jacket is specially designed for skiing. It's made from waterproof fabric with built-in snow protection, a hood to go over your helmet, and ventilation..." – Ski Instructor (09:25)

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6. Learning to Ski: "Pizza" and "French Fry"

• "Pizza": Making a wedge shape with the skis (tips together, tails apart) to slow down and stop.
• "French Fry": Keeping skis parallel to go faster and turn smoothly.

  "In skiing, pizza means touching the tips of your skis together while keeping the tails apart... this helps you learn how to slow down and stop." – Ski Instructor (06:54) "French fry is when you hold your skis parallel...this helps you go faster and transition into turns." – Ski Instructor (07:38)

• The food analogies make learning memorable and fun.

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7. Types of Skiing

• Three Main Types:
  • Alpine/Downhill: Most common; found at ski resorts.
  • Nordic/Cross-country: For distance over flat or rolling terrain.
  • Alpine Touring/Backcountry: Mixes alpine and Nordic elements.
• Other Types Mentioned: Freestyle (acrobatics/jumps), ski racing (speed-focused), and heli-skiing (skiing via helicopter access).

  "The three main types of skiing are Alpine or downhill... Nordic or cross country... and Alpine touring or backcountry skiing." – Ski Instructor (12:42) "You may have also heard of freestyle skiing, which includes acrobatics and jumps, and then there's ski racing..." – Ski Instructor (13:02)

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8. Heli-Skiing: The Ultimate Ski Adventure

• Heli-skiing uses helicopters to access remote mountain terrain, rather than a ski lift.
• It began in late 1950s (Alaska and Europe), became more widely available after 1965.
• Heli-skiing and its risks: Unstable snow, avalanche danger — thus, requires avalanche safety gear (transceivers, airbags, radios) and experienced pilots.

  "Heli-skiing is an exciting... way to go downhill skiing, far away from traditional ski resorts... At first, only the most advanced expert skiers could even attempt it." – Ski Instructor (14:05, 16:05) "Heli skiers use safety gear, including an avalanche transceiver... and also have avalanche airbags and radios." – Ski Instructor (17:12)

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Memorable Moments & Notable Quotes

| Timestamp | Speaker | Quote/Highlight | |-----------|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 01:13 | Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare) | "I'm the ski instructor... I am a snowshoe hare. That makes me an expert on all things winter and snow related." | | 03:30 | Trusty Narrator | "Whoa is right. I had no idea skiing dated back that long ago." | | 06:24 | Trusty Narrator/Chet Nickerson | "Money's good. I would also compete for pizza." <br> Chet: "Nom nom nom nom nom." | | 06:54 | Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare) | "In skiing, pizza means touching the tips of your skis together while keeping the tails apart so your skis make a V." | | 07:44 | Trusty Narrator | "Oh hey, it looks like two french fries. And what does this do?" | | 09:43 | Trusty Narrator | "Oh yeah, I definitely need ventilation in my armpits. It can get pretty ripe under there. I'm probably oversharing." | | 11:42 | Trusty Narrator | "When did skiing become an Olympic sport? If you said C, the 1930s, nice job." | | 14:05 | Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare) | "Heli skiing is an exciting, to put it mildly, way to go downhill skiing, far away from traditional ski resorts." | | 15:35 | Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare) | "You’re much better off trying to master the pizza and French fry here on the bunny slope. Learning to ski takes practice, repetition, and... plenty of falling." | | 17:37 | Trusty Narrator | "I definitely want to try heli skiing when I'm ready, but for now, I think I want to work on some pizza and french fries." | | 18:01 | Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare) | "Well, now you're talking. So meet ya at the bottom!" |

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Segment Timestamps for Key Topics

• 00:00–03:10: Introduction; where and when skiing began
• 03:11–04:10: Early use for survival; interactive quiz for listeners
• 05:46–06:54: Military use and transition to recreational sport; trivia on pizza & French fry
• 07:31–10:42: How to ski (pizza/french fry), essential ski equipment, boots & bindings
• 11:42–13:02: Skiing in the Olympics; types of skiing (alpine, Nordic, touring, etc.)
• 14:05–16:05: Heli-skiing—what is it, how it works, when it started
• 16:46–17:37: Heli-skiing safety and avalanche gear
• 17:44–18:10: Wrapping up with a humorous food interlude ("actual pizza and french fries"), and listener shoutout

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Tone & Style

• Playful and Interactive: The Trusty Narrator directly involves listeners with fun questions (“smarty pants”), and plenty of food analogies help children remember concepts.
• Humorous: Frequent jokes, puns, and a lighthearted "bunny" ski instructor.
• Educational with Storytelling: Blends real history and science with imagination (e.g., dream sequence about heli-skiing off Mount Everest).

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For Listeners Who Missed the Episode

This episode is a captivating blend of fun storytelling, hands-on explanations, and fascinating trivia all about skiing. It answers how and why skiing was essential for ancient survival, explains its transformation into sport, and all about gear, safety, and skiing styles. By the end, kids will want to try making “pizza and french fry” shapes for themselves—perhaps after a real pizza and fries snack!

Transcript

[Trusty Narrator]

And now it's time for who Smarted? Psst. Hey, smarty pants. Guess where I am. Did you say on top of a snow covered mountain? If so, great guess. Wow, that's amazing. You sure you can't see me? Okay, next question. Can you guess why I'm on top of a snow covered mountain? As in, what am I about to do? If you said freezing, I'll give you partial credit. It is so cold up here. But that's not why I came. If you said sledding, that's not too far off. But I won't be sitting. Ah. I heard some of you say snowboarding, and you're close. In fact, we actually did an episode on snowboarding. But I'm not attempting to snowboard today. And no, I'm not looking for a yeti either. I did that already, too. Nope. Today I'm going to try skiing. Those cool skiing sound effects you're hearing are not me. I'm still standing here looking down the mountain, a little terrified. Smarty pants. What do I do?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Hey, are you the trusting narrator?

[Trusty Narrator]

Why, yes. And who are you?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

I'm the ski instructor. Okay, I can see you clearly don't know what you're doing, so I figured I'd give you a quick ski lesson. What do you say?

[Trusty Narrator]

Oh, that's nice of you. The ski instructor, huh? Question. And you know, I hate to ask this, but are you a rabbit? I mean, I know most beginning skiers start on something called a bunny slope, but I didn't know there would be an actual bunny.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Yeah, yeah, I get that a lot. But get this, I'm not just a rabbit or a bunny. I am a snowshoe hare. That makes me an expert on all things winter and snow related.

[Trusty Narrator]

Great. Well, you're obviously a good skier, so hopefully you can teach me, because A, I've always wanted to learn how to ski, and B, I need to get down from this mountain before I freeze.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Well, that's where the fur coat comes in. But yeah, no problem. I can help you get down, give you some basic tips, and tell you whatever you want to know. I am an expert.

[Trusty Narrator]

Amazing, because the smarty pants and I have lots of questions about skiing. Like, how is skiing invented? What equipment do you need? What's the best kind of snow to ski on? And when did skiing become an Olympic sport?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Of course. No problem. You got questions, I got answers.

[Trusty Narrator]

Then it's time to strap on our skis, grab our ski poles and hit the slopes for another whiff of science and history on who's Smarted?

[Chet Nickerson]

Who's smarted? Who's smart? Is it you? Is it me? Is it science or history? Listen up, everyone. We make smarting lots of fun on who's smart and

[Trusty Narrator]

okay, let's start with the first question. How was skiing invented? I mean, who was the maniac who thought it would be a good idea to strap large wooden slats to their feet and race down a snowy mountainside?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Let's start with where skiing originated. In northern Europe and Asia.

[Trusty Narrator]

Makes sense. Those areas have lots of mountains and lots of snow.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Now, let's talk about when the oldest skis were found in Russia and date back to between 8,000 and 7,000 BCE Whoa.

[Trusty Narrator]

Whoa is right. I had no idea skiing dated back that long ago. Okay, so we've got where and when, Smarty pants. Why do you think people back then needed to ski? Was it A for survival, B for exercise, or C for fun?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

If you said A for survival. Right on. Nice job. While most people ski recreationally for exercise and fun today, like we are actually doing today, early skiing was needed for survival as it allowed people in snowy areas to travel, to hunt for food, and carry things if the snow was too deep to walk across.

[Trusty Narrator]

Aha. It makes sense that someone would attempt to ski in order to hunt or travel in the snow. But when did people start skiing just for fun? Well, we'll find out right after this quick break and a word from our sponsors. As the trusty narrator, I've taken the smarty pants on countless adventures. I'll do anything for the fans, but off mic, I prefer to keep my adventures in the safe space of my own backyard. However, even a homebody like me can't avoid the unexpected chaos that comes with family life. Take last week, for example. My niece was staying with me when she came down with a nasty cold in the middle of the night. I couldn't leave her alone to get medicine. And that's when I remembered Doordash is there for you. Whatever you need, whenever you need it. With a few taps on my phone, I had cough syrup and tissues delivered right to my door. Doordash saved the night, and my niece was back to her energetic self in no time. Oh, and did I order a little ice cream for myself. Yes, I did. And Doordash brought it right to my door. So while I may not be the biggest fan of real life adventures, I'm grateful that Doordash is always there to help me navigate life's little emergencies. When life happens, get a little order delivered with doordash order. Now, now, back to who smarted. Okay, smarty pants. As we just learned, people in the snowy mountainous regions of northern Europe and Asia developed the earliest forms of skiing in order to hunt and travel in snow that was too thick to walk in. But when did people start skiing for recreation or sport? And what else was skiing ever used for?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Well, trustee, the sport of skiing as we know it today started in Scandinavia in the mid-1800s. Before that, ski skiing had been used for military purposes.

[Trusty Narrator]

Really? People were fighting on skis?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Yep. Really? Skis were used in warfare in Norway as far back as the year 1200. But it wasn't until around 1767 that military ski competition started. And the prize for winning was money.

[Trusty Narrator]

Money's good. I would also compete for pizza.

[Chet Nickerson]

Nom, nom, nom, nom, nom.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Funny you should mention that, Trusty. Obviously, before you can be in any ski competitions, you need to learn how to ski. Duh. And one of the first things you should learn is pizza.

[Trusty Narrator]

What? Do you not know who you're talking to? I already know all there is to know about pizza. It's my favorite food. Plus, we did an entire episode of who's Smarted on Pizza? Trust me, I know pizza.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

I'm not talking about the pizza you eat, Trusty. In skiing, pizza means touching the tips of your skis together while keeping the tails of your skis apart so your skis make a V or a wedge shape.

[Trusty Narrator]

You mean like the shape of a slice of pizza? Oh, I get it. But wait, why do I have to do it? That doesn't look like skiing.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Well, I know it doesn't look like you're shredding down the mountain, but doing this helps you learn how to slow down and stop. And it also helps when you're learning to turn. And when you're done with pizza, you should learn how to French fry.

[Trusty Narrator]

I'm assuming you don't mean the food, which we also did an episode of who's Smarted On. So, what is the skiing version of French fry?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

French fry is when you hold your skis parallel to each other like this.

[Trusty Narrator]

Oh, hey, it looks like two french fries. And what does this do?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

French fry helps you go faster and transition into turns. It helps you move from a wedge to parallel skiing. Ha.

[Trusty Narrator]

Who knew my favorite foods could help me learn how to ski? At the very least, they'll be easy to remember. Okay, besides skis, what equipment do the smarty pants and I need for skiing?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Yeah, you do need a few other things if you're going to learn how to shred the mountain. So you'll need ski poles to help with balance, turns and going over the terrain.

[Trusty Narrator]

Ah yes. I've been using these to hold me up. Sort of like crutches.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Oh, you don't want to put all your weight on your poles so they like dig into the snow. Just use them lightly to help you balance and push off.

[Chet Nickerson]

Watch me.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Like this.

[Trusty Narrator]

Gotcha. Okay, so what else?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Well, you should also wear a helmet to protect your head when you ski and goggles to protect your eyes. Some helmets have built in goggles so you don't have to worry about losing your goggles.

[Trusty Narrator]

Well, since I've already lost my goggles, that's probably the right option for me.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Well, you're in luck. Here, I have an extra pair. Try not to lose these.

[Trusty Narrator]

Thanks. Got it. Will I need anything else?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Yeah.

[Trusty Narrator]

Brr.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

It does get cold up on the mountain, so you'll want to be warm enough when you ski. Make sure you have, let's see. Warm waterproof winter clothes and boots. It's also a good idea to wear snow pants, a ski jacket, warm clothes and thick winter socks. Don't want those toesies getting cold. That's miserable.

[Trusty Narrator]

Gotcha. Question. How is a ski jacket different from a regular winter coat? Smarty pants.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Do you know a ski jacket is specially designed for skiing? Ha, Go figure. It's made from waterproof fabric with built in snow protection, a hood that will go over your helmet, and ventilation to keep heat and moisture under control so you are dry and comfortable when you ski.

[Trusty Narrator]

Oh yeah, I definitely need ventilation in my armpits. It can get pretty ripe under there. I'm probably oversharing.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Not probably.

[Trusty Narrator]

Anyhoo is that it feels like something is missing. Smarty pants. Do you know what it is? Call it out if you know. Ah, I heard a lot of you saying it. What do you wear on your feet while skiing? You can't ski in just your socks.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Yeah, that'd be weird, right? So you also need special ski boots and bindings.

[Trusty Narrator]

Smarty pants. What are ski boots? Are they A, regular snow boots that you wear when you ski? B boots that lock your feet onto your skis? Or C boots with skis attached to the bottom like ice skates.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

If you smarty pants said bee boots that locked your feet into your skis. Nice job.

[Trusty Narrator]

Yep, that's right. Of course, boots with skis on the bottom like ice skates does sound pretty cool. So what makes ski boots so special and how do they work?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Well, ski boots are hard boots really hard and they have buckles that link to the bindings. These bindings keep things together and attach your ski boots to your skis. See, this helps you control the ski as you steer and maneuver down the mountain.

[Trusty Narrator]

Smarty pants. True or false? If you fall down or wipe out, your skis will release from your boots. The answer is true.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Ski boots are designed to keep you safe by releasing from the boot during a fall. Well, trust me, trusty, you don't want to be attached to your skis if you wipe out. Well,

[Trusty Narrator]

phew.

[Chet Nickerson]

Good thing my skis came off. Can someone bring my skis down to me? Thanks.

[Trusty Narrator]

I see what you mean. I'm sure I'll be doing a lot of reattaching my skis while I learn.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Ah, don't worry. It's all a part of the learning process. Nobody is born an Olympic skier.

[Trusty Narrator]

Ah, and speaking of, smarty pants, when did skiing become an Olympic sport? Was it, A, the 1900s, B, the 1920s, or C, the 1930s? If you said C, the 1930s, nice job. Skiing officially became an Olympic sport when Alpine skiing debuted at the 1936 Winter Games. Since then, skiing has been featured in every Winter Olympics since.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Well, I should mention, even though this was the official start to skiing as an Olympic sport. If you said the 1920s, you're also right, since Nordic skiing was in the first Winter Olympics in 1924.

[Trusty Narrator]

I see. But also, what is Nordic skiing? And are you saying there are different types of skiing?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

That's exactly what I'm saying, Trusty smartypants.

[Trusty Narrator]

How many main types of skiing do you think there are? Are there three, five or ten different types of skiing?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Oh, if you said three, nice job. The three main types of skiing are Alpine or downhill, which is the most common type of skiing and the one you see most at, you know, ski resorts. Then there's Nordic or cross country skiing, which focuses on covering distance on flatter land. And finally there's Alpine touring or backcountry skiing, which blends the Alpine and Nordic types. Oh, and you may have also heard of freestyle skiing, which includes, get this, acrobatics and jumps. And then there's ski racing, which is competitive Alpine skiing focused on speed.

[Trusty Narrator]

Wow, so many different kinds of skiing to try.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Yeah, and I haven't even mentioned heli skiing yet.

[Trusty Narrator]

Heli skiing? Is that what I think it is? We'll find out right after this quick break and a word from our sponsors. Now back to who smarted. Okay, smarty pants, it looks and sounds like we're about to find out what Heliskiing is based on the name. I think it has to do with skiing and helicopters. Am I right?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

You sure are. Heli skiing is an exciting, to put it mildly, way to go. Downhill skiing, far away from traditional ski resorts. When you heli ski, you can ride in a helicopter instead of using a ski lift to go up the mountain. Hmm.

[Trusty Narrator]

My news reporter friend Chet Nickerson has a helicopter. I could just picture us trying that one day.

[Chet Nickerson]

Hello, who smarted? Listeners, this is Chet Nickerson reporting from the Chet Chopper, where the trusty narrator is about to ignore my warnings and attempt to go heliskiing down the side of Mount Everest, the world's largest mountain.

[Trusty Narrator]

Alright, Chet, here I go. Hopefully that one lesson I took will be enough.

[Chet Nickerson]

It won't be. I've opened the helicopter door. Trusty will be jumping out. On the count of three. One, two. Off you go. And he's out. Oh, and he's down. Luckily, his skis popped off.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Ooh.

[Chet Nickerson]

But unfortunately, he's continuing to roll down the side of the world's tallest mountain. Ouch. I guess I'll go meet him at the bottom. But this might take a while. This is Chip Nickerson reporting live.

[Trusty Narrator]

Yikes. That was the craziest dream sequence I've ever had. I think I'm gonna hold off on the Mount Everest ski trip until I've had a few. A few more lessons.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Good idea. You're much better off trying to master the pizza and French fry here on the bunny slope. And remember, learning to ski takes practice, repetition, and sad to say, but true, plenty of falling.

[Trusty Narrator]

You're right. But I gotta say, heliskiing sounds pretty cool. For one thing, it allows you to go to areas with fresh, deep snow that most people never get to see. But when did it start? Was it in the 1950s, the 1970s or the 1980s?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Believe it or not, in the late 1950s, helicopters were used in Alaska and Europe to take skiers to hard to reach terrain.

[Chet Nickerson]

Whoa.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

At first, only the most advanced expert skiers could even attempt it. Heliskiing didn't become a sport that anyone could try until a few years later in 1965.

[Trusty Narrator]

Question. Where do people keep their skis and ski poles in the helicopter? I'm guessing there's no overhead storage for that.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Yeah, no. The skis and ski poles are carried in a special basket on the outside of the helicopter, just like some people do with their car.

[Trusty Narrator]

That's so cool. But as my dream sequence showed, it can also be dangerous, right?

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Yeah. Well, all skiing can be dangerous if you go too fast or ski ski too close to rocks and trees. But I tell ya, heli skiing is definitely more dangerous than regular resort skiing. The snow on mountains is affected by the sun, wind, and temperature, and unstable snow can lead to dangers like an avalanche.

[Trusty Narrator]

Hey, that's something else we did a whosmarted episode on.

[Chet Nickerson]

Oh, cool.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Well, okay, so the helicopters for heli skiing are flown by expression. Experienced pilots and heli skiers use special safety gear, including an avalanche transceiver, which is a small device that helps rescuers find someone buried in an avalanche. Can you imagine? And they also have avalanche airbags and radios, so heli skiing can be safer and more enjoyable.

[Trusty Narrator]

I definitely want to try heli skiing when I'm ready, but for now, I think I want to work on some pizza and french fries.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Good idea. Aw, look at you, Trusty, out to practice. Um, wait, trusty, why are you taking off your skis?

[Trusty Narrator]

Oh, I meant some actual pizza and french fries. I'm starving. I could also go for a hot chocolate, and then maybe we could split a carrot cake.

[Ski Instructor (Snowshoe Hare)]

Well, now you're talking. So meet ya at the bottom. Wahoo.

[Trusty Narrator]

Show off. A special shout out to our smarty family, friends and avid skiers. Noam Etan Yakov, Baby Ayal, Mom Leah, and dad Jonathan from Bergenfield, New Jersey. We're so happy to have you all listening daily on your way home from school. And we thank you for being WhoSmarted plus subscribers. We promise to keep the interesting topics and the fart jokes coming as long as you keep smarting with us. This episode Skiing was written by Sarah Ski Lift Sweetick and voiced by Aaron Slalom Yemen, Adam Black, Diamond Davis and Jerry Colber. Technical direction and sound design by Josh Hot Dog Han. Our associate producer is Mogul's Max Kamasky. The theme song is by Brian Snowballs Suarez, with lyrics written and performed by Adam Tex Davis. Who Smarted was created and produced by Adam Tex Davis and Jerry Colber. This has been an Atomic Audio production.