Jared Malson (3:33)

Assad is really dependent on both of those countries for military support, and it's coming at a time when both Russia and Iran are kind of entangled in other wars. Iran has had to suffer a setback because of Israel's offensive against Hezbollah and Iranian militias in the region, and Russia obviously is bogged down in the war in Ukraine. And so now you have this kind of perfect storm where Assad's main military backers are preoccupied elsewhere and he's faced this surprise attack by these rebel groups which has completely overturned the situation in Syria with kind of global political repercussions.

Luke Vargas (4:16)

The Biden administration is placing new restrictions on exports of advanced chips to China, its fourth attempt in three years to curb Beijing's technological development. The measures will limit the sale of memory chips that power AI applications and include placing 140 Chinese companies and other entities on a trade blacklist. However, industry analysts say a months long pause between between the drafting of the rules and their release today has given Chinese entities a chance to stock up on chips and machines they knew were likely to be restricted. The CEO of Jeep maker Stellantis, Carlos Tavares, is stepping down effective immediately, bringing forward his planned departure amid tumbling sales and profits at the carmaker. Tavares was originally due to stay at the helm until the end of his contract in early 2026. In a statement, a senior independent director said the change of plan stemmed from different views emerging in recent recent weeks, with a company spokesman saying it had no further comment. Stellantis said it expects to name a new leader in the first half of 2025 and backed the financial guidance that it gave in October. Its Milan listed shares are trading sharply lower and elsewhere in the autos industry, workers at nine Volkswagen plants across Germany began striking this morning, the latest move in a conflict with management over plans to implement domestic cost cuts amid sluggish EV demand and compet from Chinese rivals. Negotiations on a global treaty to reduce plastics pollution have ended in South Korea without agreement. The treaty, sought by a number of countries would be legally binding and establish clear guidelines for businesses for years to come. But Journal consumer goods reporter Sabra Chaudhry said that consensus on a number of major issues, including potential plastic production caps, remains elusive.

Sabra Chaudhry (6:11)

There's a handful of countries called the like minded countries, either big oil producing countries or big plastics producers, and they include Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iran, Iraq, India and some others. And they said, look, we do not want plastic production caps. Instead they're pushing for let's cut down on plastic pollution, let's improve recycling. The problem is mismanaged waste. And on the other side, you have countries that say there is no way we can manage the volumes of plastics coming onto the market every day. You know, we have to turn the tap off. And I think in terms of where this goes, the treaty isn't completely dead in the water. There were more than 100 nations that did support capping plastic production. There is expected to be another round of negotiations held in the next few months. And ultimately, if there's still a complete deadlock, a treaty could still be struck. Leaving out the holdouts, nonprofits I've talked to say something like that would be better than having a weak treaty that everybody agrees on that's underpinned by voluntary measures and really does nothing.

Luke Vargas (7:11)

According to the OECD, global plastics production is forecast to nearly triple by 2060, with recycling rates only increasing from 9 to 17%. Well, early readings of Black Friday spending are pointing to a robust start to the holiday shopping season. According to MasterCard Spending Pulse, online sales rose almost 15% compared with last year, while in store sales grew by a considerably more modest 0.7%. And the rush is hardly over with a DOL Adobe forecasting that today's Cyber Monday will be the year's biggest online shopping day, driving a record $13.2 billion in spending, up 6% from last year. And coming up this week, earnings from retailers Costco, Dollar Tree and Dollar General will give us further clues on the state of consumer spending. Members of the OPEC oil cartel will meet Thursday for a policy meeting with analysts at ING expecting several member countries to increase production next year, pushing the market into a large circ surplus. And on Friday, we'll get the latest read on the state of the US labor market with the November jobs report coming up. We'll get an update from Brussels as the European Union's executive team gets to work preparing for a reset in relations with the U.S. we've got that story after the break.

Cushman and Wakefield Representative (8:38)

There are bigger problems to out think, greater challenges to outdo when we never settle for the world that's been built, that's when we drive it forward.

Sabra Chaudhry (8:53)

Breaking ground on our new headquarters.

Cushman and Wakefield Representative (8:55)

Welcome to the choir towards better outcomes and better futures for our clients and our communities. At Cushman and Wakefield, better never settles.

Luke Vargas (9:11)

They don't call it Inauguration Day, but Sunday marked a big day for EU politics nonetheless, as former German Defense Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen kicked off her second five year term helming the bloc's executive body. And as she did at the start of her first term, she is set to play a key role in managing the US EU relationship on a range of hot button issues, including trade and military spending. So what are von der Leyen's plans and how might they collide with Donald Trump's agenda? Journal reporter Kim Macreil is in Brussels. Kim, remind us very briefly before we get any further into this, just what exactly Ursula von der Leyen's remit is as European Commission president. Not a role that I'll admit I know really where it begins, where it ends.

Kim Macreil (9:56)

Sure. She's in charge of the European Commission and it actually has quite a lot of power. So it's the body that proposes new legislation for the eu and it's also in charge of trade policy for the bloc, which means it's going to be pretty central to any discussions with the new Trump administration. She has a reputation for exercising pretty tight control at the commission, and I think one of the notorious executive examples in Brussels of that is that she actually, in her first term, had sleeping quarters installed in her office.

Luke Vargas (10:23)

All right. Not work shy, to put it mildly. And we have a bit of a roadmap of what we might be able to expect, given her experience, overlapping with a year at least of Trump's first term, don't we?

Kim Macreil (10:34)

Yeah. I mean, her team really took what can be condensed down to two basic lessons from their previous experience with Trump, and that's one, expect the unexpected. And two, is look for common interests between the EU and the U.S. and that means both looking for a positive agenda, looking for areas of cooperation, and also being prepared to defend their interests. One of the ones that officials have spent a lot of time preparing for is around tariffs. And you can expect their response to follow a pretty similar playbook to what they've done before. During the first Trump administration, when his administration put tariffs on steel and aluminum, the EU response was to do some pretty wide ranging, but also specific tariffs on US Goods, targeting, targeting key electoral districts, targeting places where they thought they might have an impact. And we saw tariffs from the EU on things like bourbon whiskey from Kentucky, Harley Davidson motorcycles. Another area that could be an issue is the EU does have several ongoing investigations into big US tech companies. Those investigations could carry big fines for those companies, and that could be another area of possible conflict.

Luke Vargas (11:39)

And, Kim, moving to that common ground you mentioned, what does von der Leyen's team think they can do to get there?

Kim Macreil (11:45)

You know, they know that Trump has expressed a lot of concern about the EU's trade surplus with the US. So if there are ways to increase the amount of goods that the EU is importing from the us, they're looking for possibilities around that. One of the ideas that's been floated is buying more liquefied natural gas from the us, which the EU does have a need to import energy supplies.

Luke Vargas (12:07)

If some of that sounds a little piecemeal, there are some bigger potential changes afoot, though, specifically around defense.

Kim Macreil (12:14)

It sounds like, yeah, they feel they will have to address to Trump's team the EU taking on more of a financial burden when it comes to Ukraine and spending more on defense. And when we talk about spending more on defence, we're talking about largely the NATO commitments that governments have agreed to, which is to spend at least 2% of their GDP on defence. So the discussion is now, is everybody doing that, and should it even be more than that? So one of the things she's working on is lining up this potential European defence plan. It could mean pouring billions of euros into the EU's defence industry, common defence projects. But it's worth pointing out also it's Europe's national governments, not the EU as a broader body, that mostly manages money around those things. So that will definitely be a test of her power and her ability to push the block in that direction.

Luke Vargas (13:02)

I've been speaking to Wall Street Journal reporter Kim macrail in Brussels. Kim, thanks as always for the update.

Kim Macreil (13:07)

Thanks so much, Luke.

Luke Vargas (13:08)

And that's it for what's news for Monday morning. Today's show was produced by Daniel Bach and Kate Bullivant, with supervising producer Christina Rocca. And I'm Luke Vargas for the Wall Street Journal. We will be back tonight with a brand new show. Until then, thanks for listening.

Cushman and Wakefield Representative (13:33)

There are those among us who never run away from problems. Instead, they run to them. They may not always appear where we might expect, but they touch almost everything we do. Turning obsolescence into opportunity, driving success at every twist and turn, and solving problems for communities big and small. But now is no time to settle. The world needs these people more than ever because there are bigger problems to outthink, greater challenges to outdo. When we never settle for the world that's been built, that's when we drive it forward towards something better. Better outcomes for clients, better opportunities for colleagues, and better futures for our communities. At Cushman and Wakefield, better never settles.