Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are everywhere—and the conversation around them is louder than ever. But what do we really need to know? Are all UPFs bad? How do they impact our health, and how can we make smarter choices without feeling restricted?

In this episode of 1,000 Waking Minutes, Dr. Wendy Bazilian unpacks the science behind ultra-processed foods and their effects on biological aging, chronic disease risk, mental health, and more. Learn how to cut through the noise and apply a simple yet powerful framework to make more informed choices: RID, RESTOCK, REORGANIZE.

If you’ve ever wondered where your favorite foods fit into the UPF conversation or felt overwhelmed by conflicting messages, this episode is your guide to clarity.

CONNECT WITH WENDY:

Follow on Instagram: @1000WakingMinutes

Visit the website: wendybazilian.com

Email me: 1KWM@wendybazilian.com

PLEASE SUPPORT:

If you’re enjoying 1,000 Waking Minutes, help us grow!

Subscribe to get new episodes as soon as they drop.

Rate & Review the show—your feedback helps others find the podcast.

Join the conversation! Share your thoughts or questions by visiting wendybazilian.com or connecting on social media.

Thank you for tuning in to 1,000 Waking Minutes and being part of this journey—together. A huge thank you to our amazing collaborators including our production and marketing teams, and Gabriela Escalante in particular. To the ultra-talented Beza for my theme music, my lifelong friend and artist Pearl Preis Photography and Design, to Danielle Ballantyne, Jen Nguyen, Joanna Powell, and of course, my family and everyone working tirelessly behind the scenes.

HEALTH DISCLAIMER:

The information shared in this podcast is for educational purposes only and should not be considered individual medical or health advice. Always consult with your trusted healthcare provider before making any changes to your diet, exercise, or medical treatment.

REFERENCES:

Brichacek, A., et al. (2024). Ultra-processed foods: A narrative review of the impact on the human gut microbiome and variations in classification methods. Nutrients, 16(11), 1738. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111738

Full paper: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11174918/

Capra, L., Hudson, M., et al. (2024). Ultra-processed food intake, gut microbiome, and glucose homeostasis in mid-life adults. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 137, 107427. https://doi.org/10.1016/cct.2024.107427

Full paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551714424000016

Chen, X., et al. (2020). Consumption of ultra-processed foods and health outcomes: A systematic review of epidemiological studies. Nutrition Journal, 19(1), 86. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-020-00644-1

Full paper: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7441617/

Dai, J., et al. (2024). Ultra-processed foods and human health: An umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of observational evidence. Clinical Nutrition, 43(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.016

Full paper: https://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(24)00122-5/fulltext

Esposito, S., et al. (2024). Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with the acceleration of biological aging in the Moli-sani Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 120(6), 1432–1440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.006

Galdino-Silva, T., et al. (2024). A meal with ultra-processed foods leads to a faster rate of intake and to a lesser decrease in capacity to eat compared to a similar, matched meal without ultra-processed foods. Nutrients, 16(24), 4398. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244398

Full paper: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/24/4398

Hall, K. D., et al. (2019). Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake. Cell Metabolism, 30(1), 67–77.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008

Hamano, Y., & Sawada, R. (2024). Ultra-processed foods cause weight gain and increased energy intake. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26(11), 5431-5443. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15922

Full paper: https://dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com/doi/10.1111/dom.15922

Lane, M. M., et al. (2022). Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients, 14(13), 2568. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132568

Lane, M., et al. (2024). Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: Umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses. BMJ Global Health. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014202

Full paper: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10899807/

Lv ,J.L., et al. (2024). Ultra-processed food consumption and metabolic disease risk: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies. Frontiers in nutrition, 11, 1306310. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024 .1306310

Full paper: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10864658/

Mazloomi, A., et al. (2023). The association of ultra-processed food consumption with adult mental health disorders: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutritional Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2022.2110188

Full paper: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/1028415X.2022.2110188?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

Whelan, K., et al. (2024). Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5

Full paper: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38388570/

Wiss, D., & LaFata, D. (2024). Mental health and mechanisms: Where do eating disorders fit into the puzzle? Nutrients, 16(12), 1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121955

Full paper: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11206753/