American History Hit: Episode Summary

Episode: American Traitors: Benedict Arnold
Release Date: August 14, 2025
Host: Don Wildman
Guest: Stephen Brumwell, Author of Benedict Arnold and the Crisis of American Liberty

Introduction to Benedict Arnold

In this episode of American History Hit, host Don Wildman delves deep into the complex narrative of Benedict Arnold, exploring his transformation from a revered American military leader to one of history's most infamous traitors. Through an insightful conversation with historian Stephen Brumwell, the episode unpacks Arnold's motivations, personality, and the pivotal moments that defined his legacy.

Early Life and Military Beginnings

Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 into an elite Connecticut family. Despite his father's struggles with alcoholism, Arnold's mother played a crucial role in his upbringing, securing him apprenticeships that set the foundation for his future endeavors.

Stephen Brumwell [05:58]: "Arnold managed to salvage what had been quite a disreputable background, becoming very much a self-made man."

Arnold's early career as a sea captain saw him trading along the Eastern seaboard, the West Indies, and even crossing the Atlantic. His business acumen was evident as he built a successful trading enterprise, reflecting his determination and resilience.

Involvement in the French and Indian War

At 16, Arnold enlisted in the militia during the French and Indian War, a conflict that significantly influenced his identity and future military strategies.

Don Wildman [10:12]: "A classic example is George Washington... many of Washington's contemporaries also fought alongside the British against the French."

Arnold's participation in the war solidified his allegiance to the British Empire, which was the primary identity for American colonists at the time. This early experience laid the groundwork for his later military contributions during the American Revolution.

The American Revolution and Rise as a Patriot

By 1775, Arnold had established himself as a committed patriot. His swift actions during the outbreak of hostilities demonstrated his dedication to the revolutionary cause.

Don Wildman [14:15]: "Arnold was one of the very first to show that he was prepared to take part in an armed struggle."

The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga

In May 1775, Arnold played a pivotal role in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga alongside Ethan Allen. Despite internal disputes over command, Arnold's efforts were instrumental in securing the fort's 80 cannons, a move that had significant strategic implications for the Continental Army.

Stephen Brumwell [20:57]: "Arnold was deserted by a significant chunk of the expedition who just turned back. He carried on with the corps of his command and brought the British garrison of Quebec under siege."

The Quebec Expedition

Arnold's leadership during the arduous Quebec expedition showcased his resilience and tactical prowess. Despite severe hardships, including harsh terrain and dwindling rations, Arnold successfully led his forces to siege Quebec, earning admiration from both American and British observers.

Don Wildman [24:55]: "Arnold's background as a sea captain was extremely important... his role effectively delayed the British advance from Canada, buying crucial time for the American cause."

The Turning Point: Wounds and Frustrations

In September 1777, during the Battle of Saratoga, Arnold sustained a severe leg injury that would plague him for the rest of his life. This crippling wound became a catalyst for his growing disillusionment with the Continental Army and its leadership.

Stephen Brumwell [31:42]: "Arnold takes up his new role in Philadelphia, where increasing friction with the Supreme Executive Council exacerbates his frustrations."

Command in Philadelphia

Assigned to oversee the occupied city of Philadelphia, Arnold found himself at odds with Joseph Reid and the radical elements within the Supreme Executive Council. His perceived autocratic leadership and frequent clashes with civilian authorities deepened his sense of isolation and unappreciation.

Don Wildman [37:02]: "Arnold finds himself stuck in the middle... his chronic pain exacerbates his impatience and frustration."

Relationship with Peggy Shippen and Betrayal

Arnold's marriage to Peggy Shippen, an 18-year-old woman with suspected Loyalist sympathies, further complicated his position. While evidence suggests that Peggy was aware and supportive of Arnold's treasonous plans, it remains unclear whether she was the primary catalyst for his betrayal.

Stephen Brumwell [43:31]: "Peggy Shippen was a willing helper in the treason... she was an active participant, but not necessarily the catalyst."

The Decision to Betray

Feeling underappreciated and believing that the revolutionary cause was deviating from its original principles, Arnold began contemplating treason. His decision was influenced by a combination of personal grievances, strategic disagreements, and a desire to restore what he perceived as the rightful state of the British Empire.

Don Wildman [54:38]: "Arnold always maintained that he had acted from what he believed to be the best of intentions... he felt he was right, whatever others thought."

Legacy and Conclusion

Benedict Arnold remains a paradoxical figure in American history. While his military achievements were significant, his subsequent betrayal cast a long shadow over his legacy. Stephen Brumwell emphasizes that Arnold viewed his actions as honorable, aiming to end the civil strife and restore imperial unity, rather than seeking personal gain.

Don Wildman [57:29]: "If Arnold had been killed in October of 1777 at Saratoga, there would be paintings of Arnold in the Capitol... Instead, we have this ambiguous monument that honors his military prowess without naming him."

Arnold's story serves as a cautionary tale about the complexities of loyalty, honor, and personal ambition. His actions continue to spark debate among historians and the public alike, illustrating the enduring fascination with one of America's most controversial figures.

Recommended Listening:
For a deeper understanding of Benedict Arnold's life and the factors that influenced his actions, listen to the full episode of American History Hit featuring historian Stephen Brumwell.