In this episode you will discover:

Diversity Means Everyone - Race is just one piece. Consider how age, language, immigration status, religion, sexual orientation, and geography intersect to shape each person's experience with aphasia.
Go Into the Community to Build Trust - Sustainable partnerships require leaving your institution and showing up consistently. Visit centers, share meals, and invest time where people gather. Trust develops gradually through authentic presence.
Listen to Real-Life Struggles First - Before starting therapy protocols, hear what families actually face: shifted gender roles, children as language brokers, lack of community aphasia awareness, and disrupted family dynamics.
Train Future Clinicians Differently - If you're building or revising academic programs, front-load diversity with a foundational intersectionality course in semester one, then integrate these principles across every subsequent course and clinical practicum.

If you've ever wondered how to better support multilingual families navigating aphasia, or felt uncertain about cultural considerations in your practice, this conversation will give you both the framework and the practical insights you need. Welcome to the Aphasia Access Aphasia Conversations Podcast. I'm Katie Strong, a faculty member at Central Michigan University where I lead the Strong Story Lab, and I'm a member of the Aphasia Access Podcast Working Group. Aphasia Access strives to provide members with information, inspiration, and ideas that support their aphasia care through a variety of educational materials and resources.

I'm today's host for an episode that tackles one of the most important conversations happening in our field right now - how do we truly serve the increasingly diverse communities that need aphasia care? We're featuring Dr. Jose Centeno, whose work is reshaping how we think about equity, social justice, and what it really means to expand our diversity umbrella. Dr. Centeno isn't just talking about these issues from an ivory tower - he's in the trenches, working directly with communities and training the next generation of clinicians to do better. Before we get into the conversation, let me tell you a bit more about our guest.

Dr. Jose Centeno is Professor in the Speech-Language Pathology Program at Rutgers University. What makes his work unique is how he bridges the worlds of clinical practice and research, focusing on an often overlooked intersection: what happens when stroke survivors who speak multiple languages need aphasia care?

Dr. Centeno is currently exploring a critical question - what barriers do Latinx families face when caring for loved ones with post-stroke aphasia, and what actually helps them navigate daily life? His newest initiative takes this work directly into the community, where he's training students to bring brain health activities to underserved older adults in Newark's community centers.

As an ASHA Fellow and frequent international speaker, Dr. Centeno has made it his mission to ensure that aphasia research and care truly serve diverse communities. His extensive work on professional committees reflects his commitment to making the field more inclusive and culturally responsive.

So let's get into the conversation.

Katie Strong: As we get started, I love hearing about how you came into doing this work, and I know when we spoke earlier you started out studying verb usage after stroke and very impairment-based sort of way of coming about things. And now you're doing such different work with that centers around equity and minoritized populations. I was hoping you could tell our listeners about the journey and what sparked that shift for you.

Jose Centeno: That's a great question. In fact, I very often start my presentations at conferences, explaining to people, explaining to the audience, how I got to where I am right now, because I did my doctoral work focused on verb morphology, because it was very interesting. It is an area that I found very, very interesting. But then I realized that the data that I collected for my doctorate, and led to different articles, was connected to social linguistics. I took several linguistics courses in the linguistics department for my doctorate, and I needed to look at the results of my doctoral work in terms of sociolinguistic theory and cognition. And that really motivated me to look at more at discourse and how the way that we talk can have an impact on that post stroke language use. So, I kept writing my papers based on my doctoral data, and I became interested in finding out how our colleagues working with adults with aphasia that are bilingual, were digesting all this literature. I thought, wait a minute. Anyway, I'm writing about theory in verb morphology, I wonder where the gaps are. What do people need? Are people reading this type of work? And I started searching the literature, and I found very little in terms of assessing strengths and limitations of clinical work with people with aphasia.

And what I found out is that our colleagues in childhood bilingualism have been doing that work. They have been doing a lot of great work trying to find out what the needs are when you work with bilingual children in educational settings. So that research served as my foundational literature to create my work. And then I adopted that to identifying where the strengths and needs working with people by new people with aphasia were by using that type of work that worked from bilingual children. And I adapted it, and I got some money to do some pilot work at the from the former school where I was. And with that money I recruited some friends that were doing research with bilingual aphasia to help me create this survey. So that led to several papers and very interesting data.

And the turning point that I always share, and I highlight was an editorial comment that I got when I when I submitted, I think, the third or fourth paper based on the survey research that I did. The assessment research. And one of the reviewers said, "you should take a look at the public health literature more in depth to explain what's going on in terms of the needs in the bilingual population with aphasia". So, I started looking at that and that opened up a huge area of interest.

Katie Strong: I love that.

Jose Centeno: Yeah, that's where I ended up, you know, from an editorial comment based on the studies of survey research. And that comment motivated me to see what the gaps were more in depth. And that was in 2015 when that paper came out. I kept working, and that data led to some special issues that I invited colleagues from different parts of the world to contribute. And then three years later, Rutgers invited me to apply for this position to start a diversity focused program at Rutgers, speech language pathology. At Rutgers I met a woman that has been my mentor in qualitative research. Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia is in nutrition, and she does qualitative, mixed methods research. So, her work combined with my interest in identifying where the needs were, led me to identify the needs in the work with people with aphasia through the caregivers using her methodology. And I'll come talk more about it, because it's related to a lot of different projects that I am pursuing right now.

Katie Strong: I love this. So, it sounds like, well, one you got a really positive experience from a reviewer, which is great news.

Jose Centeno: Well, it was! It's a good thing that you say that because when we submit articles, you get a mixed bag of reviews sometimes. But, this person was very encouraging. And some of the other reviews were not as encouraging, but this was very encouraging, and I was able to work on that article in such a way that got published and it has been cited quite a bit, and it's, I think it's the only one that has pretty much collected very in depth data in terms of this area.

Katie Strong: Yeah, well, it sounds like that really widened your lens in how you were viewing things and taking an approach to thinking about the information that you had obtained.

Jose Centeno: And it led to looking at the public health literature and actually meeting Pamela. In fact, I just saw her last week, and we met because we're collaborating on different projects. I always thank her because we met, when our Dean created an Equity Committee and she invited the two of us and somebody else to be to run that committee. And when Pamela and I talked, I said to her, "that qualitative work that you are doing can be adapted to my people with aphasia and their caregivers". And that's how we collaborated, we put a grant proposal together, we got the money, and that led to the current study.

Katie Strong: I love that, which we're going to talk about in a little bit. Okay, thank you. Yeah, I love it. Okay, well, before we get into that, you know, one of the things I was hoping you could talk about are the demographics of people living with aphasia is becoming really increasingly more diverse. And I was hoping you could talk about population trends that are driving the change or challenges and opportunities that this presents for our field.

Jose Centeno: Yeah, that is actuall...

Episode 133: Diversity Beyond Race with Jose Centeno