China is placing 20 Japanese entities on a control list with absolute export prohibitions, and placing 20 others on a watch list with enhanced scrutiny, to curb Japan's re-militarization and nuclear ambitions, the Ministry of Commerce said on Monday.
商务部周一表示，中方将 20 家日本实体列入实施全面出口禁令的管控清单，另将 20 家日本实体列入强化审查的关注清单，以此遏制日本再军事化动向与拥核图谋。

Under the control list designation, Chinese exporters are prohibited from shipping any dual-use items - goods and technologies with both civilian and military applications - to the 20 listed entities.
凡被列入管控清单的实体，中国出口经营者不得向这 20 家实体出口任何两用物项，即可同时用于民用和军事领域的货物与技术。

The control list includes a batch of Japanese defense-related research institutes and companies, including the National Institute for Defense Studies, Ground Systems Research Center, Naval Systems Research Center, Air Systems Research Center, and multiple Mitsubishi-affiliated defense contractors.
管控清单涵盖多家日本防务相关科研机构与企业，包括防卫研究所、陆上装备研究所、舰艇装备研究所、航空装备研究所，以及多家三菱系防务企业。

The restriction also bars overseas organizations and individuals from transferring or providing Chinese-origin dual-use items to these entities, with any ongoing activities required to cease immediately.
相关管控措施同时禁止境外机构、个人向上述实体转让或提供中国产两用物项，正在开展的相关业务须立即终止。

For entities on the watch list, including Mitsui E&S and OKI Circuit Technology, Chinese exporters are barred from applying for general licenses or using simplified registration procedures when shipping dual-use items to the listed firms.
对于三井 E&S 株式会社、冲电气电路技术等列入关注清单的实体，中国出口经营者向其出口两用物项时，不得申请通用许可，也不得适用简化备案流程。

Instead, exporters must submit a risk assessment report and provide a written commitment that the items will not be used for any purpose that could enhance Japan's military capabilities.
出口企业必须提交风险评估报告，并出具书面承诺，保证相关物项不会被用于任何能够提升日本军事能力的用途。

The ministry will impose stricter end-user and end-use reviews for exports to watch list entities, and will not approve any exports involving Japanese military users, military purposes, or any other end uses that contribute to enhancing Japan's military capabilities. Review periods are not subject to standard statutory time limits.
商务部将对发往关注清单实体的出口实施更严格的最终用户与最终用途审查，凡涉及日本军方用户、军事用途或其他有助于增强日本军力的终端使用场景，一律不予许可；审查时限不受法定常规时限约束。

A ministry spokesperson said the twin measures are "completely justified, reasonable and lawful", and are aimed at "curbing Japan's attempts at remilitarization and possession of nuclear weapons".
商务部新闻发言人表示，上述两项管控措施完全正当、合理、合法，目的是遏制日本谋求再军事化、发展核武器的企图。

The decision comes after the initial round of controls imposed on Feb 24 failed to deter Japan's increasingly militaristic direction, including the deployment of offensive weapons and missile launches.
此前 2 月 24 日中方出台首轮管制措施，但未能阻止日本持续推进军事化，包括部署进攻性武器、开展导弹试射等行为，为此中方出台本次管控举措。

"Regrettably, over time, Japan has shown no signs of repentance, but has instead gone further down the wrong path, accelerating its new militarism and re-militarization," the spokesperson said.
发言人指出：令人遗憾的是，日方长期以来毫无悔改之意，反而在错误道路上越走越远，加速推进新军国主义与再军事化进程。

The ministry emphasized that the measures target only a small number of Japanese entities and apply solely to dual-use items, and will not affect normal economic and trade exchanges between China and Japan.
商务部强调，相关措施仅针对少数日本实体，管控范围仅限两用物项，不会影响中日两国正常经贸往来。

"Japanese entities that act in good faith and comply with the law have absolutely no cause for concern," the spokesperson said, urging Japan to "change its erroneous ways, truly reflect and return to the right track".
发言人表示，诚信守法经营的日本实体完全无需担忧，并敦促日方纠正错误行径、深刻反思，重回正确发展轨道。

scrutiny /ˈskruːtəni/n. 审查；核查
dual-use /ˈdjuːəl juːz/adj. 两用的；军民两用的
militarization /ˌmɪlɪtəraɪˈzeɪʃn/n. 军事化
assessment /əˈsesmənt/n. 评估；评定