In this episode of Debunking Economics, Phil Dobbie and Professor Steve Keen dive into the thorny world of “sovereign money” and “100% money” — two reform proposals that aim to radically reshape how modern banking works. Prompted by a listener email, the conversation unpacks why today’s system of bank‑created money, reserves, and government deficits is so convoluted, and whether a simpler, more transparent architecture is even possible. Phil sketches the appeal of a world where everyone holds an account directly at the central bank, bypassing the private banking system for everyday payments, while Steve explores what such a shift would mean for money creation, government spending, and the role of commercial banks.

As the discussion deepens, they examine the historical roots of these ideas, from Irving Fisher’s 1930s push for 100% reserve banking to modern proposals emerging from Switzerland and Germany. Steve highlights the technical and political challenges: how to separate the payment system from the credit system, whether banks could remain profitable without the ability to create money, and why double‑entry bookkeeping is essential to understanding any reform. Phil presses on the potential benefits — stability, simplicity, and a more direct way for governments to manage the money supply — while Steve warns that poorly designed reforms could unintentionally collapse the very financial system they aim to fix.

The result is a lively, accessible exploration of one of the most misunderstood corners of economics. Whether you’re curious about sovereign money, sceptical of private bank power, or simply trying to make sense of how money actually moves around the economy, this episode offers a clear and provocative guide through the debate

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Sovereign Money and 100% money, explained