A murder exploited: Britain’s George Floyd moment that wasn’t

Summary

Economist Podcasts – “A murder exploited: Britain’s George Floyd moment that wasn’t”

Date: June 4, 2026
Host: Jason Palmer / The Economist
Key Guests: Hugo Jai (British Political Correspondent), Andrew Miller (Culture Columnist)

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Episode Overview

This episode of The Intelligence tackles the controversy and political fallout following the murder of Henry Novak, an 18-year-old attacked in Southampton. As the tragic event’s handling by police became public through bodycam footage, it’s been seized upon by right-wing political actors as “Britain’s George Floyd moment”—despite significant contextual and factual differences. The hosts and correspondents examine the specifics of the case, explain how it became a talking point for right-wing populists, and challenge the narrative of systemic anti-white bias in British policing and society. The episode also addresses broader trends in the politicization of racially charged incidents and public protests, and concludes with segments on NATO’s challenges and the vanishing art of TV title sequences.

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Main Theme

The politicization of Henry Novak's murder and the false equivalence to the George Floyd case—what the facts reveal, and how different political groups are exploiting or reacting to the tragedy.

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1. The Case of Henry Novak: What Happened

[01:25 – 04:38]

• Incident Recap:

  • Henry Novak, 18, was stabbed in Southampton after an altercation with Vikram Digwa, a Sikh man carrying a ceremonial dagger.
  • Police bodycam footage shows Novak being handcuffed and ignored as he pleaded for help and stated, “please brother, I can’t breathe.”
    • Notable quote: “The last thing you can hear him say on the recording is, please brother, I can't breathe.” (Jason Palmer, 01:56)
  • Digwa falsely claimed to police that he was the victim of a racist attack.
  • Police treated Novak as the aggressor based on Digwa’s immediate account.
  • Judge later clarified there was no evidence Novak had acted with racial animus; Digwa convicted of murder and sentenced to life.

• Initial Police Mistakes:

  • Police accepted Digwa’s false version of events at first due to the confusion and misleading claims.
  • This contributed to perceptions (and deliberate exploitation) of police bias or incompetence.

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2. Political & Social Fallout

[04:38 – 07:10]

• Political Appropriation:

  • Far-right and populist groups, led by figures such as Tommy Robinson and Nigel Farage’s Reform UK, used the incident to push a narrative of “two-tier policing”—suggesting anti-white bias.
  • Protests organized by Robinson in Southampton, initially peaceful, turned violent, leading to multiple arrests.

• Government Response:

  • Prime Minister expressed deep sadness as a parent but rejected the idea of systemic bias.
    • Notable quote: “Mr. Speaker, I don't believe there's two tier policing in this country.” (Prime Minister, quoted by Host, 05:48)
  • Reform UK claims the system systematically favors ethnic minorities, referencing previous scandals (e.g. grooming gang scandals).

• Media & Political Rhetoric:

  • Farage and others use emotive, charged language.
    • Notable quote: “I suggest the rest of us respond to this with pure cold rage. This is wrong.” (Host quoting Farage, 05:54)

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3. Examination of Claims: “Two-tier Society”?

[07:10 – 09:09]

• Fact Check:

  • No statistical basis for the claim that systemic anti-white bias exists in British policing.
  • Black people are more than twice as likely as white people to be arrested.
  • Police response in the Novak case was a mistake, but within 20 minutes, the real perpetrator (Digwa) was arrested and later sentenced.
    • Notable quote: “The idea that there's a widespread and systematic two tier culture discriminating against white people is not true.” (Political Analyst, 06:16)

• New Strategic Turn for the Right:

  • Farage and Reform UK shift from previous “colorblind” stance to a more explicitly “defender of the white majority” posture.
  • Right-wing threat from more extreme actors (e.g., Restore Britain, Rupert Lowe, Elon Musk’s endorsement).
  • “Grudge” against Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, perceived to have “overreacted” to US events in a British context.

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4. Wider Political Implications

[09:09 – 10:22]

• Fragmented Politics:

  • With five major UK-wide parties vying for votes, winning a majority now requires less broad-based appeal.
  • Right-wing populists less concerned about alienating non-white or more liberal voters.

• Government Action:

  • Labour (with Conservative backing) to review police guidance, which currently suggests “treating people fairly” may involve differential approaches by race—a point now under renewed scrutiny.

• Family's Plea for Unity:

  • Henry Novak’s father, Mark Novak, called for calm and the avoidance of division:
    • Notable quote: “We do not want his death to be used to create further division, hatred or tension. We want his story to make our streets safer for everyone.” (Mark Novak, 10:06)
  • Episode ends this segment questioning whether politicians will heed this plea.

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5. Segment Timestamps – Key Moments

• Content warning and audio from police bodycam: [01:25 – 01:56]
• Incident and murder described: [03:22 – 04:15]
• Far-right politics & protests: [02:58 – 03:17], [04:38 – 05:54]
• Prime minister’s reaction: [05:33 – 05:50]
• Dismantling “two-tier society” claim: [06:11 – 07:10]
• Farage’s strategic pivot: [07:15 – 08:00]
• Rise of ‘Restore Britain’, BLM backlash: [08:00 – 09:09]
• Novak family’s message: [10:06 – 10:13]

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6. Additional Segments

A. NATO’s Future Without America

[12:06 – 19:35]

• Topic: How NATO is preparing for a less reliable or absent American partner under a potential Trump return.
• Key points:
  • America’s military leadership is both a “glue” and a practical necessity.
  • Plan B discussions include strengthening European-only structures, e.g., Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF), but challenges remain with exclusion of key countries and resource limitations.
  • Europe has resources to defend itself “in raw capability,” but lacks unity and rapid command structures.

B. The Lost Art of TV Title Sequences

[19:53 – 25:15]

• Andrew Miller Column:
  • Technology (specifically the “Skip Intro” button) is eroding the TV title sequence.
  • Title sequences once set mood, functioned as art and “crossing spaces” between reality and story.
    • Memorable quote: “A title sequence is an in between moment. It eases you from your own world… into the imaginary world of the show.” (Andrew Miller, 24:22 approx.)
  • The skip intro trend signals increased cultural impatience and erosion of narrative anticipation.

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Notable Quotes

• Henry Novak, final moments:
  “Please brother, I can't breathe.” (01:56)
• Prime Minister on policing:
  “Mr. Speaker, I don't believe there's two tier policing in this country.” (05:48)
• Political Analyst (on bias and statistics):
  “The idea that there's a widespread and systematic two tier culture discriminating against white people is not true.” (06:16)
• Nigel Farage / Reform response:
  “I suggest the rest of us respond to this with pure cold rage. This is wrong.” (05:54)
• Mark Novak, Henry’s father:
  “We do not want his death to be used to create further division, hatred or tension. We want his story to make our streets safer for everyone.” (10:06)

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Tone & Language

The tone remains factual, analytical, and urgent, but with sympathy for the family and skepticism toward those exploiting the tragedy for political gain. The hosts and correspondents use direct, clear language to separate facts from rhetoric, draw distinctions between UK and US contexts, and foreground the emotional impact of the events and their coverage.

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For Listeners Who Missed the Episode

• The murder of Henry Novak is being used by right-wing actors to stoke racial anxiety and claim “anti-white” police bias, echoing but not matching the resonance or context of George Floyd’s death in America.
• Close examination of statistics and the progression of the case undercuts these claims, showing more complex, less binary realities in UK politics, policing, and race relations.
• The episode calls for restraint and unity, amplifying the family’s voice against further division.
• Broader takes include an examination of NATO’s vulnerability without the US and a nostalgic, insightful critique of the cultural loss inherent in skipping TV title sequences.

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(End of Content Summary)

Ad sections and unrelated commercial content omitted as requested.

Transcript

[Host/Interviewer]

From globalization to innovation sustainability to market volatility, there's always more than one side to a story. Explore different perspectives on today's most important business and economic issues with the Flipside podcast from Barclays Investment Bank. Hear two research analysts in a lively debate and get insights from every angle. To further inform your view. Listen to the Flipside on your favorite platform. Then I thought, what if I've scaled businesses? What if I scaled my philanthropy? What if I did as much in one year as I've done in my whole life?

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

See how your wealth could have even greater [e-mail] impact.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

The Economist. Hello and welcome to the Intelligence from the Economist. I'm Jason Palmer. Today on the show, how NATO is preparing for life without America and what is lost when everyone skips TV show intros. But first,

[Host/Interviewer]

Let's get you out of there, shall we?

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

A content warning here. You're about to hear some of the last words of Henry Noble, an 18 year old student. A police officer is speaking to him shortly after he was stabbed in the English city of Southampton.

[Host/Interviewer]

You've been stabbed? Whereabouts? Don't think you have, mate.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

The police handcuff Henry and initially ignore his pleas.

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

Hand.

[Host/Interviewer]

Put the hand in the cuff, mate.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

The last thing you can hear him say on the recording is, please brother, I can't breathe. For many people those words will spark a grim memory from six years ago in Britain. One party, one man wants to use Mr. Novak's death to make more of that echo.

[Host/Interviewer]

At the moment you are under arrest. That's for assault, so you do not have to say anything. Mayhem in defence if you do not mention my own questions.

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

Henry died on 3 December last year, but the police body cam footage of his final moments has only just been released after the conclusion conclusion of his murderer's trial.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

Hugo Jai is a British political correspondent for the Economist.

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

Some figures on the British right have compared the way he was treated by police to the death of George Floyd, which sparked the Black Lives matter movement in 2020. The police have apologized for the way that Henry was treated as he was dying, but nonetheless the case has attracted national attention and become a major political talking point this week.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

More than just a political talking point though, this has reached the streets.

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

That's right. On Tuesday night, protests led by the far right agitator Tommy Robinson in Southampton started peacefully but ended with violence. A number of protesters were arrested for attacking riot police and there are fears that these protests could continue in the coming days.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

Let's wind back a little bit just to understand what exactly happened to Henry.

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

So Henry was walking home from the pub after a night out when he encountered Vikram Digwa. The two men became involved in some sort of altercation. Digwa, who is Sikh and carries a ceremonial dagger that some Sikhs use as a sign of their faith, then pulled the weapon out of its sheath and used it to stab Henry multiple times. His brother then called the police and said that they had been the victims of a racist attack, which wasn't true. And the police therefore, when they arrived, treated Henry as the perpetrator. And in the footage, you can hear Vikram Digwa claiming that he was the victim, that he'd been attacked and talking about his supposed injuries.

[Host/Interviewer]

Has anyone been hurt other than him? Yeah, me.

[Andrew Miller / Culture Columnist]

I grabbed my brother. He took my turban off, started grabbing my head.

[Host/Interviewer]

Are you injured?

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

Yeah, yeah.

[Andrew Miller / Culture Columnist]

I've got swollen eye a little bit.

[Host/Interviewer]

All right, just step back a little bit for me. Someone flagged Easter for at least the

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

first few minutes of this. The police accepted Digua's account and treated Nowak as the suspect. Though the judge in the case clarified in his sentence remarks he was sure that Henry had not in fact said anything racist or attacked Digwa in the way that the murderer initially claimed. Digua has now been sentenced to life in prison with a minimum term of 21 years after being convicted of murder.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

And why has this killing in particular become such a political flashpoint?

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

Well, it touches on very sensitive issues around race and policing, because the way that Digwa tried and failed to avoid justice was to say that he was the victim of a specifically racist attack. Reform uk, the right wing populist party that's currently leading in the polls, says that this is an example of what it calls two tier policing. It points to a number of genuinely concerning examples in the past where it appears that the crimes committed by people from ethnic minorities have been downplayed out of misplaced fears of inflaming racial sensitivities. Most famous of these is the grooming gang scandal, which saw large groups of mostly Pakistani men sexually abused mostly white young girls and that the authorities turned a blind eye to for many years. The Prime Minister said that he was very moved by the footage of Henry Novak's last moments.

[Host/Interviewer]

It's harrowing and I have to say, as a father of a 17 year

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

old boy, I felt sick watching it. But he also made it clear that he doesn't believe this is a systemic issue. Mr. Speaker, I don't believe there's two

[Host/Interviewer]

tier policing in this country.

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

Nigel Farage and His colleagues in Reform were rather less measured in their response.

[Host/Interviewer]

I suggest the rest of us respond to this with pure cold rage. This is wrong.

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

They claim that this case shows Britain is a two tier society where the concerns of white people matter a lot less than those of ethnic minorities.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

So let's take those claims on their face then. Is there any basis to what they are saying?

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

No. The idea that there's a widespread and systematic two tier culture discriminating against white people is not true. If you look at the statistics, white and black people pretty much equally likely to be the victims of crime. Black people more than twice as likely to be arrested than white people. If you look at this specific case, clearly the police made a mistake with the benefit of hindsight. That's very obvious. At the same time, they were being called to an incident where the information they had when they turned up was that there was a racist attack and Henry Novak was the attacker. It was dark. Henry Novak's wounds were mostly internal bleeding. It took them a few minutes to realise that he was not the perpetrator, he was the victim. They then, within about 20 minutes, arrested Vikram Digwa, who has at relatively high pace, gone through the criminal justice system and been quite rightly convicted of his crime.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

But still Mr. Farage and his ilk want to make a political hay of it.

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

Yeah, and this is something new in British politics, including from Nigel Farage. He's been around a long time on the political scene, but he has typically taken a sort of colourblind attitude where he claims to represent all groups equally. He's tended in the past to draw his support mostly from white voters, though that's changing. 12% of ethnic minority voters, according to a recent poll, are supporting Reform uk. So this turn towards the idea of Farad being the defender of the white majority is new and is arguably pretty dark. And I think you can look at this as the result of reform, facing a threat, bearing a grudge and also seeing an opportunity for future advance advancement.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

Okay, let's take those in turn. What's the threat?

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

So the threat is from a more extreme right wing party called Restore Britain, founded by an MP called Rupert Lowe, who's been endorsed by Elon Musk and making big waves online. The grudge is basically against the Black Lives Matter movement. Many people on the right have long thought that the horrendous death of George Floyd in Minneapolis led to a political movement that, particularly in Britain, went completely out of proportion with the underlying issues and has created this view of systemic anti black racism in Britain. That, according to the right, is not true in the uk, even if it is true in the us. So what reform is doing is partly setting up this case as a sort of mirror image of George Floyd and Black Lives Matter. And then the opportunity politics now is so fragmented, with five major parties UK wide, more in Scotland and Wales, that actually for reform to stay where they are on 26th, 2017, 27% of the vote, that would probably be enough to win a majority at the next election, so they don't have to worry as much about alienating non white voters, Liberal voters, as they might have done in the past.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

So where does that story finish if reform is that much more unchained? Got a grudge, feels a threat.

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

Yeah. Well, the political row is likely to continue. The Labour government, backed by the Conservative Party, has promised to look at the specific issues thrown up by this case. And that includes reviewing some controversial guidance for police across the UK published last year, which set out the argument that treating people fairly doesn't mean treating white people and ethnic minorities the same. It means adjusting the way you handle whether it's suspects, victims, members of the public, to some extent, depending on their race. And the government is looking again at whether that advice is right or whether it risks leading, leading to more horrendous cases like this one. The clearest message, though, about how to respond to Henry Novak's death has come from his father, Mark Novak.

[Host/Interviewer]

We do not want his death to be used to create further division, hatred or tension. We want his story to make our

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

streets safer for everyone. Whether Britain's politicians listen to his message is another question.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

Hugo, thanks very much for your time.

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

Thank you, Jason.

[Host/Interviewer]

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[Political Analyst/Commentator]

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[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

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[Host/Interviewer]

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[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

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[Host/Interviewer]

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[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

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[Host/Interviewer]

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[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

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[Political Analyst/Commentator]

Men's Wearhouse.

[Host/Interviewer]

They've got today's looks for any occasion, and I need to look like a celebrity.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

Don't want to stick out.

[Host/Interviewer]

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[Andrew Miller / Culture Columnist]

Congrats. You can stop calling now.

[Host/Interviewer]

Not a chance.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

Hit any look for every occasion at Men's Wearhouse. Love the way you look. For all the axes that President Donald Trump has to grind. He reserves particular scorn for NATO in his second term. He is really grinding away. Early on came a threat so outlandish it was for a while, hard to take seriously.

[Host/Interviewer]

If we don't take Greenland, Russia or China will take Greenland, and I am not going to let that happen.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

More recently, there's been more than bellicose words. Reducing troops on the ground in Europe, canceling the deployment of a cruise missile unit. When NATO members didn't jump to aid America's war of choice in Iran. That was more proof to Mr. Trump that the alliance is of little use.

[Host/Interviewer]

I've long said that, you know, I wonder whether or not NATO would ever be there for us. So this is a. This was a great test because we don't need them, but they should have been there.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

It carries on. Military brass in America warned last month they're draining some of the pool of resources the alliance has earmarked for big conflicts and yesterday said they expected Europe and Canada to step up in response. The casual threats are over for NATO's leadership. It's dawning that something really now must change.

[Host/Interviewer]

For months, Mark Ritter, the Secretary General of NATO, has refused to admit the fact that the transatlantic alliance, this incredible partnership that has kept the peace in Western Europe since the Second World War, is basically falling apart.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

Jonathan Rosenthal is our international correspondent.

[Host/Interviewer]

And that's required a fair degree of wilful blindness on Mr. Rutter's part to the fact that President Donald Trump has said he does not think he wants to honour the central promise of NATO, which is that an attack on one is an attack on all blindness to the fact that Donald Trump has been threatening to and pulling troops out of Europe and withdrawing key capabilities. But the days in which that blindness could continue are coming to an end. I spoke to a bunch of senior military officials, senior officers across several European countries in NATO, and they're all saying that the time now is to start thinking about a Plan B.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

Well, first, let's talk about Plan A, the degree to which America is central to crucial for NATO as it operates.

[Host/Interviewer]

Now, this operates at a couple of levels, and the first is the one that people talk about most, and that's just basic capabilities. Now, military folk love the acronym isr, which is Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, and America does that very well. It provides its European allies with incredible intelligence, as we saw before the war in Ukraine. It basically had the battle plans that Russia was bringing out. But there's a lot more to NATO and America's participation than just these capabilities. NATO's real strength is that it's not just a kind of alliance where people show up on the day with whatever they've got and they fight along together. NATO is this really highly practiced orchestra with a single conductor, and that's under the leadership of America that lets it fight under unified command. And more importantly, America is kind of the glue that keeps European NATO together. As long as the US Is in there, you don't have France and Germany squabbling about who should be in charge. There's a real worry that without that glue, other bits of NATO start coming unstuck.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

If that glue then has blatantly been coming unstuck for much of, certainly Mr. Trump's second term, why has Mr. Rutte put off the discussion of a Plan B for so long?

[Host/Interviewer]

In some ways, you've got to have sympathy for the man. His job is to try and hold the alliance together. He has done everything in his power, called Donald Trump daddy in a public forum. He's really trying to stay close. And in some ways European allies will credit him with that, that he has done his level best to try and keep America close because of its central role. A lot of what military officials have said to me is that any talk of a Plan B has actually been quashed within their own countries, partly because of the fear that if Europe starts saying, we don't need America, we can do fine without it. That just acts as an incentive to Donald Trump and his mega foreign policy cohorts to say, fine, we're out of here tomorrow.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

So the Plan B planning, such as it is, has been going on in secret, in the dark.

[Host/Interviewer]

Some of it, to be honest, has been relatively overt in the sense that America said we're pulling back slowly. And Europe has hoped that there would be this long, orderly transition that would give them time to buy those capabilities, the intelligence, reconnaissance, surveillance. But NATO again, is much more than just a bunch of countries with a bunch of modern weapons. It is this highly honed orchestra. And if the conductor leaves mid performance, who takes over? And that's where a lot of the Plan B planning is now going on, saying, what is the command structure? How do we fight? Who's in charge, who's giving the orders? And there are a couple of options here. One is to try to build on some existing structures. One of those could be the Joint Expeditionary Force, which is a British led coalition of 10 countries. People also look to the Anglo French coalition of the willing that's been discussed for providing some sort of security force to Ukraine after there's A ceasefire, or there is talk about trying to say, well, how do we Europeanise NATO? How do we get more European NATO members in top commanding positions in NATO and try and use all of that infrastructure.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

So of those options, which do you think is the best, the fastest, the safest?

[Host/Interviewer]

This is about not just plan B, but what some Nordic defense official said to me is a plan B and a plan C, possibly a plan D. So ideally we'd really want to say let's try and keep NATO and make it work even as America withdraws or pulls out. But that said, we need an insurance plan. And right now the jeff, the Joint Expeditionary Force led by Britain, is probably the closest. It's already a coalition that's been doing exercises together. It's got a headquarters that is up and ready to go. That headquarters has got many of the key functions that you need. Capabilities and intelligence and logistics and planning and those sorts of things. So if NATO were to fall over tomorrow, that would be the most sort of oven ready option. And again, one of the key points about the JEF is that it can sidestep one of the central weaknesses of NATO. And that is that in order for this Article 5, this promise NATO will respond to an attack on one is an attack on all is that it requires a unanimous decision by all NATO members. Now, the JEFF was explicitly set up as a way of acting more quickly without the full consensus. As people have said to me, we don't need to call a committee meeting and wait for Portugal and other countries to show up and debate. The JEFF is a group of like minded countries that are all acutely aware of the Russian threat and would be ready to go at a moment's notice.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

And so that would be the best perhaps among the options. But is even that enough? Would that be enough to shore up what seems to be crumbling?

[Host/Interviewer]

There are two questions implicit in this and the one is just the narrow question around the Jeff and it has some weaknesses. It doesn't include some of the major other continental European NATO powers. Germany's not in it, France is not in it, Poland is not in it. So in order for JEFF to be a real alternative, you would want to draw those countries in in some way. There is also some concern about British leadership of jeff, although Britain has been on the front foot in terms of showing solidarity with Ukraine, as well as partnerships with new NATO members like Sweden and Finland who came into JEFF before they were in NATO. People look at Britain and its current spending problems and the fact that its armed forces actually not very capable at the moment it's going through a really difficult transition. So the Jeff itself has some problems. If you step back and say broadly, can Europe defend itself without the us? The answer has to be an unarguable yes. Europe has got a vastly bigger population, the EU plus the UK than Russia does. The combined economy is nine to ten times Russia's size. Just in terms of things like modern fighter jets, European NATO has probably 1000 modern fighter jets more than Russia does. So in terms of raw capabilities, Europe could certainly pull it together. The issue is how bloody and how long do you want that war to last?

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

Jonathan, thanks very much for joining us.

[Host/Interviewer]

Thank you very much, Leyson.

[Andrew Miller / Culture Columnist]

Technology forges new art forms and destroys them.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

Andrew Miller writes Backstory our column on culture.

[Andrew Miller / Culture Columnist]

The printing press revolutionized literature and dropped out illuminated manuscripts. Cinema killed off the music hall. Today a popular gizmo is threatening another intricate craft. The art form is the TV title sequence. The menacing tech is the little skip intro button that you reflexively click. The outcome is changing the way stories are told and watched on screen. Once upon a time, TV titles were simple cards displaying static text. By the 1950s, they served as prologues, introducing characters and catchphrases, as in the Adventures of Superman.

[Host/Interviewer]

Look up in the sky, It's a

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

bird, it's a plane, It's Superman.

[Andrew Miller / Culture Columnist]

Titles came to incorporate cutesy animations, as in Bewitched, split screen effects, the Brady Bunch and stunts like the much emulated bonnet slide in the Dukes of Hazzard. Many came with earworm tunes such as the finger clicking theme for the Addams Family. I think the film probably peaked in the era of prestige tv around the turn of the millennium. Think, for example, of the titles for the Sopranos, which are set to Woke up this morning by Alabama3. The protagonist, Tony, is glimpsed through cigar smoke and in a rear view mirror. In these seconds he's close yet elusive, as in fact he remains for the following six seasons. My personal favourite is probably the ghostly imagery in the first season of True Detective, which offers a concise montage of the show's Louisianan themes sleaze, pollution, faith, guilt and downright weirdness. These ingenious sequences are at once a compliment and a brag. Your time is so valuable they flatter the audience that even the credits will be exquisite. The brag, meanwhile, is about the show, for which, implicitly, only a sublime introduction will do. Their summaries, mood setters and advertisements deft enough to intrigue new viewers and resonate with returning ones, like the overture to an opera they are, I think, an integral part of the drama. Now, some of these shows aired without adverts, freeing up minutes for luxuriant openings. But today, the exigencies of streaming are changing. Adverts are creeping back, making time scarcer again. And meanwhile, title sequences are an obstacle to binge watching. Gorging fans don't need to be reintroduced to a story every hour. Many of them just want to get on with it. And thanks to Skip Intro, they can. Noticing that users were manually fast forwarding through titles themselves, Netflix devised the button in 2017, and other streamers followed suit. By 2022, Netflix viewers were clicking it 136 million times a day. Since then, intro skipping has snowballed across all the output on the BBC's iPlayer. For instance, Yusuf Skip Intro in March was roughly double the level two years earlier. It has soared in the past six months. The underlying impatience, I suppose more than the button itself, is bad news for elaborate opening titles. But as they dwindle on tv, I think something is being lost. It's not just that, as in the new series of the Night Manager, they can be the best bit of a show. More than that, shrinking them undermines cliffhangers. When you roll straight into the next episode, you can't dangle in tingly anticipation for very long. Most importantly, I think titles can be a kind of spell. Discard them and you may miss some of the magic of tv, like your flight to a holiday resort or dressing up for a night out. A title sequence is an in between moment. It eases you from your own world, slumped on the sofa after putting the kids to bed, into the imaginary world of the show. The titles are a crossing on which you suspend your disbelief. And I think the trajectory they're on tells us something about the state of the modern world. After all, like making phone calls and shopping, watching TV has become immeasurably easier these days. You can see an abundance of programs on a whim. Somehow, though, it seems that speeding things up has only made people more impatient. The yen for instantaneity is insatiable. But if you're always hurrying, boundaries are skipped and nothing is special.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

That's all for this episode of the Intelligence. We'll see you back here tomorrow.

[Host/Interviewer]

Then I thought, what if I've scaled businesses? What if I scaled my philanthropy? What if I did as much in one year as I've done in my whole life?

[Political Analyst/Commentator]

See how your wealth could have even Greater [e-mail] impact close your eyes.

[Jason Palmer / Economist Correspondent]

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