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Dr. Xanthe Scharff joins Dr. Sandie Morgan to explore how displacement, missing documents, and unequal citizenship laws quietly raise the risk of trafficking, and why prevention starts long before a child is ever exploited.

Chapters

(00:00) - Introduction
(00:55) - Xanthe's Path and the Freedom Fund's Frontline Model
(06:08) - The Women's Refugee Commission: Listening to Women
(10:19) - How Birth Certificates Prevent Trafficking in Bangladesh
(13:17) - Citizenship, Statelessness, and Life in the Shadows
(19:13) - Conflict, Trauma, and Women Rebuilding After Displacement
(23:46) - Girls' Education and the Story of Anesi
(28:14) - Prevention Over Rescue: What the Field Still Misunderstands

About Dr. Xanthe Scharff

Dr. Xanthe Scharff is President and CEO of the Women's Refugee Commission, which she joined in June 2026 after more than two decades spanning humanitarian action, women's rights, journalism, philanthropy, and nonprofit leadership. She previously served as Managing Director for External Affairs and Editor-at-Large at The Freedom Fund, a global collaborative working to end modern slavery, where she helped elevate the work of hundreds of frontline anti-slavery organizations across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Earlier, she co-founded The Fuller Project, a global newsroom reporting on women, served as Associate Director of the Center for Universal Education at the Brookings Institution, and founded Advancing Girls' Education in Africa. She has raised more than $200 million for social-impact organizations and reported on Syrian refugees in Turkey, with earlier roles at CARE, Save the Children, the United Nations, and the World Bank.

Key Points

• The Freedom Fund gets money directly to the front lines, granting to almost 200 frontline organizations, and this past year 47% of them were led by survivors.

• Birth certificates are a frontline prevention tool: in Bangladesh, mothers believed they couldn't register children without the father's signature, until Freedom Fund's partners socialized a legal provision and registered over 400 children in about six months.

• Twenty-four countries still bar mothers from passing citizenship to their children on equal terms with fathers, and Syria's law can leave a returning mother's child stateless and more vulnerable to exploitation.

• When people lack legal status, they have no one to report abuse to, and fear of deportation keeps exploited workers silent even when wages are stolen or they are assaulted.

• Immigration and refugee are not synonyms; asylum seekers are specifically people seeking protection, a distinction that gets blurred as legal pathways narrow.

• Before larger plans, women's groups like Women of the Sun in Gaza and the West Bank made addressing trauma and supporting one another their first priority.

• A scholarship alone did not change Anesi's future; without cultural support structures, she left school for marriage after one year and later regretted it, showing that prevention takes more than money.

• Xanthe urges the field to listen to survivors: "Alternative livelihood activities in our community is what's going to protect our children," and "we don't need to wait until the children have been trafficked to do an intervention."

Resources

• Women's Refugee Commission

• At What Cost? Women-Led Organizations, Funding Cuts, and the Price of Survival (WRC & Refugees International report)

• Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights

• The Freedom Fund

• Refugees International

• The Fuller Project

• AGE Africa (Advancing Girls' Education in Africa)