Ramage’s Rampage

Summary

Everything Everywhere Daily: “Ramage’s Rampage” Episode Summary

Release Date: March 26, 2025
Host: Gary Arndt | Glassbox Media

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Introduction

In the episode titled “Ramage’s Rampage,” Everything Everywhere Daily delves into one of the most extraordinary naval engagements of the Second World War. Host Gary Arndt narrates the daring exploits of Commander Lawson P. Ramage and his submarine, the USS Parche, during a pivotal attack on a Japanese merchant convoy in the western Pacific Ocean on July 31, 1944.

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United States Submarine Strategy During World War II (03:03)

Gary Arndt begins by providing a comprehensive overview of the U.S. submarine strategy in World War II. He explains that the United States aimed to cripple Japan’s war effort by targeting its merchant shipping, which was vital for transporting essential resources like oil, rubber, iron ore, and food staples.

“The goal was not merely tactical disruption, but strategic paralysis” (03:03) Arndt emphasizes, highlighting how the U.S. Navy sought to sever Japan’s maritime supply lines to cripple its economy and military capabilities. This strategy relied on the stealth and long-range capabilities of submarines, making them ideal for economic warfare by undermining Japan's ability to sustain its war efforts.

The podcast details the evolution of this strategy, noting the shift from traditional battleship engagements to utilizing submarines more effectively. Improvements in torpedo technology, the use of wolf packs, and advancements in intelligence from code-breaking and aerial reconnaissance significantly enhanced the effectiveness of the U.S. submarine campaign.

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Commander Lawson P. Ramage: A Profile in Leadership (04:30)

Arndt introduces Commander Lawson P. Ramage, a distinguished officer whose career would become legendary. Born on January 19, 1909, in Monroe Bridge, Massachusetts, Ramage exhibited a keen interest in naval service from an early age. After graduating from the United States Naval Academy in 1931, he transitioned to submarine duty in 1936, serving on vessels like the USS S29 and USS Grenadier.

Despite facing challenges, including partial blindness in one eye, Ramage's determination saw him rise to command his own submarine, first the USS Trout and later the USS Parche. His resilience and leadership qualities set the stage for his pivotal role in the events of July 31, 1944.

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The USS Parche: Capabilities and Mission (08:15)

The USS Parche, a Belleau-class submarine, is highlighted for its advanced features and strategic importance. Arndt describes the Belleau class as the most numerous and successful American submarines of the war, designed for long-range patrols in the Pacific.

“Belleau class submarines were the most numerous and among the most successful American submarines deployed during World War II” (08:15) Arndt notes, emphasizing their robust hulls capable of diving up to 400 feet, ten 21-inch torpedo tubes, and a crew of about 80 men. These submarines were instrumental in disrupting Japanese shipping, conducting reconnaissance, and supporting special operations.

Under Ramage’s command, the Parche was assigned to the Luzon Strait and South China Sea, critical maritime chokepoints for Japanese supply routes between Southeast Asia and Japan. These areas were teeming with enemy merchant convoys transporting vital supplies, making them prime targets for U.S. submarines.

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Operation Ramage’s Rampage: Planning and Execution (10:22)

On June 17, 1944, the Parche set out from Pearl Harbor for its second war patrol under Ramage’s leadership. Gary Arndt details the meticulous planning that preceded the attack on the Japanese convoy Hi72.

“Ramage meticulously planned his approach, using radar to track the convoy's course and speed” (10:22) Arndt explains how intelligence from American code-breakers and radar sweeps identified the movement of a large Japanese convoy from Moji, Japan, to Singapore. The convoy consisted of over a dozen ships, including troop transports and tankers, escorted by warships.

Ramage coordinated with two other submarines, the USS Steelhead and the USS Hammerhead, to form a wolf pack aimed at attacking the convoy. However, the Hammerhead ultimately sailed to Australia, leaving the Parche and Steelhead to execute the plan.

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The Daring Attack: Ramage’s Rampage (12:10)

The night of July 30 to July 31, 1944, marked the climax of Ramage’s Rampage. Armed with intelligence and driven by bold strategy, Ramage initiated an unprecedented surface attack.

“Ramage skillfully threaded the submarine through the formation, dodging between moving ships in the dark while launching torpedo salvos at close range” (12:10) Arndt narrates how Ramage maneuvered the Parche through the convoy under the cover of darkness, remaining on the exposed conning tower to manually direct the attack amidst enemy fire for an astonishing 46 minutes.

Ramage launched 19 torpedoes, resulting in the sinking of several Japanese ships, including the transport vessels Manco, Maru, and Hoimaru. The aggressive assault caused confusion and panic among the convoy, with some Japanese vessels attempting evasive maneuvers and even trying to ram the Parche.

“Despite being completely exposed and surrounded by enemy ships, the Parche emerged unscathed, with no casualties and no damage” (14:05) Remarkably, the Parche sustained no hits or damage, a testament to Ramage’s exceptional command and the crew’s efficiency.

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Immediate and Long-Term Impacts (14:05)

The success of Ramage’s Rampage had profound immediate and long-term impacts on the war effort. The destruction of five Japanese ships in less than an hour severely disrupted the convoy’s mission to reinforce positions in Singapore, crippling Japan’s logistical capabilities.

For his exemplary leadership and bravery, Commander Lawson P. Ramage was awarded the Medal of Honor, and the USS Parche received the Presidential Unit Citation. Arndt reflects on the operation’s legacy:

“The operation became legendary, an extraordinary example of fearless command and unconventional tactics that changed the course of undersea warfare” (14:45)

The episode underscores how Ramage’s audacious tactics influenced subsequent U.S. submarine operations, encouraging more aggressive strategies that further devastated Japanese supply lines in the final year of the war.

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Legacy and Conclusion

“Ramage’s Rampage” highlights the critical role of leadership, innovation, and strategic intelligence in military success. Through detailed storytelling, Gary Arndt not only recounts a pivotal moment in naval history but also illustrates the broader significance of submarine warfare in the Pacific Theater.

The episode serves as a tribute to Commander Ramage’s extraordinary courage and the pivotal contributions of American submariners in undermining Japan’s war capabilities, ultimately contributing to the Allied victory in World War II.

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Notable Quotes

• “The goal was not merely tactical disruption, but strategic paralysis.” (03:03)
• “Ramage skillfully threaded the submarine through the formation, dodging between moving ships in the dark while launching torpedo salvos at close range.” (12:10)
• “Despite being completely exposed and surrounded by enemy ships, the Parche emerged unscathed, with no casualties and no damage.” (14:05)
• “The operation became legendary, an extraordinary example of fearless command and unconventional tactics that changed the course of undersea warfare.” (14:45)

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This episode of Everything Everywhere Daily masterfully captures the essence of a daring naval operation, offering listeners an immersive and informative exploration of Ramage’s Rampage and its enduring impact on maritime warfare.

Transcript

[Host]

On July 31, 1944, one of the greatest naval exploits in history took place in the western Pacific Ocean. Two American submarines, led by Commander Lawson Red Ramage found themselves in the middle of a Japanese merchant fleet. Over the course of 46 minutes, they managed to achieve something that had never been done by so few submarines in so short a time. Learn more about Ramage's rampage and one of the most incredible exploits of the Second World War on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily.

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[Host]

The event that I'll be describing in this episode took place over a very short period of time. Everything happened in less than an hour, yet it was one of the most incredible episodes of the entire Second World War. Before we get into what happened and how it happened, we need to understand the bigger picture of what the United States submarine strategy was during World War II to get a clearer picture of why the submarines were there in the first place. The strategic rationale for American submarine attacks on Japanese merchant shipping during World War II was rooted in a clear understanding of Japan's vulnerabilities as an island nation and its dependence upon upon maritime supply lines for survival and warfighting capability. Japan lacked sufficient domestic resources, especially oil, rubber, iron ore, bauxite, and food staples, and therefore relied heavily on imports from its occupied territories in Southeast Asia. The lifeblood of the Japanese economy and military industrial complex flowed through its merchant fleet, which ferried these critical supplies across vast ocean distances. Recognizing this, the United States naval planners crafted a submarine campaign aimed at systematically strangling Japan's ability to sustain its war effort by targeting merchant vessels rather than just warships. The goal was not merely tactical disruption, but strategic paralysis. The idea was that if Japan's transport arteries could be severed, its factories would grind to a halt, its navy would lack fuel, and its people would suffer shortages severe enough to weaken morale and undercut the government's capacity to wage total war. This strategy was both opportunistic and evolutionary. At the outset of the war, the United States Navy was still influenced by traditional doctrines that prioritized battleship engagements. But after the attack on Pearl harbor and the subsequent shift to Pacific naval warfare, submarines quickly emerged as the ideal weapon for economic warfare. They were stealthy, hard to detect, and capable of long range patrols across key shipping lanes. Unlike surface vessels, submarines could operate independently behind enemy lines, sowing chaos in supply chains while avoiding direct confrontation with superior enemy fleets. The adoption of unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan, a policy that was officially sanctioned early in the war, allow American submarines to engage any Japanese vessel without warning. This removed constraints and made the campaign more effective. Over time, the US Refined its approach to submarine warfare. Wolf packs were employed to increase kill rates. Torpedo technology was improved after early reliability issues, and intelligence breakthroughs like code breaking and aerial reconnaissance helped locate high value convoys. Submarines were even deployed near Japanese home waters, mining harbors and ambushing convoys as they departed or returned. By the war's end. The effectiveness of this strategy was stark. American submarines, which made up just 2% of the Navy's personnel, were responsible for sinking over half of Japan's merchant fleet, more than 1300 ships totaling roughly 5 million tons. The impact was profound. Japan's access to oil fell to crisis levels, factory production faltered due to material shortages, and logistical support for its far flung garrisons collapsed. The campaign didn't just cripple Japan's economy, it also isolated its military units and undermined the broader war effort. In essence, the strategic rationale for targeting merchant shipping with submarines was to wage a form of economic and psychological warfare that would erode Japan's ability to fight not by clashing with its main fleets, but by choking off the very resources it needed to function. To put it even more succinctly, the Americans were trying to do to the Japanese in the Pacific what the Germans were trying to do to the Americans in the Atlantic. Enter into the story Commander Lawson Patterson Red Ramage. Ramage was a distinguished officer in the United States Navy whose early career laid the foundation for his legendary exploits during World War II. He was born on January 19, 1909 in Monroe Bridge, Massachusetts. Ramage grew up in New England and showed an early interest in naval service, which led him to secure an appointment to the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, where he graduated in 1931. After commissioning, Ramage served aboard various surface ships including the battleship USS West Virginia, gaining valuable experience before transitioning to submarine duty, a move that would define his career. He completed submarine training in 1936 and was soon assigned to several submarines, including the USS S29 and the USS Grenadier. Prior to the United States entry Into World War II, Ramage served as executive officer aboard the USS Grenadier. He participated in war patrols early in the conflict and proved himself under fire. Despite being temporarily grounded due to eye issues, he literally had to overcome partial blindness in one eye. He fought hard to return to duty. His determination paid off and he was eventually given command of his own submarine, the USS Trout, and later the USS Parche, the vessel which is the focus of this story. The Parche was a Belleau class submarine. The Belleau class submarines were the most numerous and among the most successful American submarines deployed during World War II, representing an evolutionary improvement over the earlier Gaddo class. Designed for long range patrols in the Pacific theater. Bilao class boats featured a stronger hull, allowing them to dive deeper up to 400ft compared to their predecessors, which improved survivability under depth charge attacks. They were powered by diesel electric propulsion and carried ten 21 inch torpedo tubes, six forward and four aft, along with deck guns for surface combat. With a crew of about 80 men, Bilao class submarines were highly effective at disrupting Japanese shipping, conducting reconnaissance, landing special operations forces and rescuing drowned airmen. The Parche had departed Pearl harbor on June 17, 1944 for its second war patrol under Ramage's command. She was assigned to operate in the Luzon Strait and South China Sea, key maritime chokepoints for Japanese shipping between Southeast Asia and the Japanese home islands. These waters were heavily trafficked by enemy merchant convoys transporting coal, oil, raw materials and troops, prime targets for US submarines. Before launching offensive operations, Ramage joined forces with two other submarines, the USS Steelhead and the USS Hammerhead. Forming a coordinated wolf pack, the Hammerhead ended up sailing to Australia. Before the events of this episode, in the days preceding the attack, American code breakers had been successfully intercepting Japanese naval communications, providing intelligence on convoy movements. Thanks to the signal intelligence and radar sweeps, the wolf pack detected a large Japanese convoy, later identified as Hi72, making its way from Moji, Japan to Singapore. The convoy included over a dozen ships, including troop transports, tankers and cargo vessels, which were escorted by warships for protection. The convoy's main purpose was to reinforce Japanese positions in Southeast Asia, making it a strategically valuable target. As the Parche maneuvered into position in late July, Ramage meticulously planned his approach, using radar to track the convoy's course and speed. On the night of July 30 and the morning of July 31, the submarines began to converge on the convoy. Ramage, taking a calculated risk, positioned the Parche to intercept the convoy in the early morning darkness. Deciding to launch an aggressive surface attack, a very bold departure from the more conservative submerged tactics typically used by submarines at the time. A submarine underwater has the advantage of stealth and it can't be easily hit by regular gunfire. However, they also can't see as well and aren't as maneuverable. In a display of cool headed audacity, he remained on the open conning tower, that being the tower at the top of the submarine, completely exposed to enemy fire, directing the battle manually for 46 minutes, an exceptionally long time for a submarine to remain surface during combat. Around 3am the parche plunged into the convoy at full speed. Using radar and visual sightings, Ramage skillfully threaded the submarine through the formation, dodging between moving ships in the dark while launching torpedo salvos at close range. He attacked with precision and aggression. Torpedoes slammed into multiple ships with violent explosions, lighting up the night. And throwing plumes of water and fire into the sky. Among the ships sunk were the transport vessels Manco, Maru and Hoimaru. Other vessels were severely damaged. With confusion and panic spreading amongst the Japanese convoy, some ships attempted evasive maneuvers, and one even attempted to ram the Parche, missing it by just a few yards. Despite the danger, Ramage held his position, shouting orders to his crew and adjusting course as he evaded counter fire and dodged collisions. Meanwhile, the crew below deck worked at breakneck speeds to reload torpedo tubes, while Ramage continued to issue commands from the bridge, his voice reportedly calm and composed despite all the chaos. At one point, the Parche crossed directly in front of a burning ship, using the flames of the ship as illumination to line up a point blank torpedo shot. By the time Ramage finally ordered the submarine to withdraw from the melee, the Parche had launched 19 torpedoes and inflicted heavy damage. Despite being completely exposed and surrounded by enemy ships, the Parche emerged unscathed, with no casualties and no damage. The attack lasted approximately 46 minutes, but it effectively decimated a major Japanese convoy and stunned naval observers with its boldness. The next day, Parche and Steelhead rejoined and Ramage submitted a detailed action report that stunned his superiors. Between the Parche and the Steelhead, they sank five Japanese ships in less than an hour, and on them were thousands of troops that were headed to Singapore. For his leadership, bravery and aggressive spirit in the face of overwhelming danger, Commander Lawson P. Ramage was awarded the Medal of Honor, while the Parche received the Presidential Unit Citation. The operation became legendary, an extraordinary example of fearless command and unconventional tactics that changed the course of undersea warfare. The aftermath of Ramage's rampage had both immediate and long term impacts, not only on the morale and legacy of the USS Parche and its crew, but also on the broader strategic outlook of American submarine warfare during World War II. The fact that the Parche had sunk or damaged several ships while operating in the midst of a heavily escorted convoy, while at the surface and at night without taking a single hit, showcased to the Navy the potential of aggressive risk taking strategies when combined with skilled leadership and technical advantages like radar. As a result, US Submarines began operating with greater boldness, often launching surface attacks to maximize speed and torpedo effectiveness, particularly when enemy escorts were poorly coordinated or lacked radar detection capabilities. This evolution in tactics significantly increased the destruction of Japanese shipping in the final year of the war. The cumulative effect of submarine attacks rendered Japanese shipping routes increasingly hazardous, strangling the flow of oil, raw materials, and reinforcements. Submarine warfare had become a central pillar of US strategy in the Pacific, and a major part of that doctrine was developed by the audacious attack known as Ramage's Rampage.

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