At the dawn of the 1930s, Germany is a physics powerhouse, where great minds like Albert Einstein and Max Planck have revolutionized the scientific landscape. But a talented young physicist named Trude Goldhaber struggles to make her voice heard in a male-dominated field. Trude perseveres, despite the pressures of antisemitism and misogyny all around her. Forced to work in the shadow of her scientist husband, she contributes to research and discoveries that help create the most dangerous weapon known to mankind. Later, when Trude finally makes a name for herself, she does everything in her power to lift up the young women following in her footsteps.

Thanks to a grant from the American Institute of Physics and funds from the German Foreign Office, LBI processed and digitized the approximately 19 linear feet of Trude’s papers, which consist of notes, graphs and diagrams, original data, and correspondence related to her research between 1930 and 2000. Maurice Goldhaber’s papers are awaiting processing. Learn more at lbi.org/goldhaber.

Exile is a production of the Leo Baeck Institute, New York and Antica Productions. It’s narrated by Mandy Patinkin. This episode was written by Clem Hitchcock and Rami Tzabar.

Our executive producers are Laura Regehr, Rami Tzabar and Stuart Coxe, and Bernie Blum. Our producer is Emily Morantz. Research and translation by Isabella Kempf. Voice acting by Hannah Gelman. Sound design and audio mix by Philip Wilson. Theme music by Oliver Wickham.

Special thanks to the Physics World Weekly podcast, and to David Olson from the Oral History Archives at Columbia University.

Please consider supporting the work of the Leo Baeck Institute with a tax-deductible contribution by visiting lbi.org/exile2025.

This episode of Exile is made possible in part by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, which is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Finance and the Foundation Remembrance, Responsibility and Future.

Episode 24: Breaking Atoms, Breaking Barriers