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Podcast
Expose MASH [Formerly NASH]
Hosted by Novo Nordisk · EN
Recent advances in understanding steatotic liver disease have revealed overlapping biological processes that may contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Join us in this podcast series where your colleagues will take you on a journey to better understand the cardiometabolic basis for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which has long been recognized as “the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome.” In this series, we will explore MASH, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, comorbidities, patients at risk, and HCP perspectives on the patient journey. This series is tailored specifically for healthcare professionals seeking deeper insights into MASH.
Expose MASH [Formerly NASH] is tailored for healthcare professionals seeking to stay at the forefront of liver disease knowledge. This podcast is sponsored by Novo Nordisk and is intended for U.S. clinicians. This podcast is not to be used as medical advice.
8episodes
Episodes
Newest firstAll episodes
Overcoming Barriers to MASLD/MASH Screening in Clinical Practice
Nov 2100:19:16Tap to summarizeIn this episode of the Expose MASH [formerly NASH] podcast, Dr Mohammad Siddiqui (Professor of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University) is joined by Andrew Schreiner, MD (Physician at the Medical University of South Carolina) and Arthi Thirumalai, MBBS (Attending Physician at the University of Washington School of Medicine and Harborview Medical Center). Our experts discuss the barriers to early diagnosis in patients with MASLD/MASH, with a focus on the challenges and misconceptions that hinder widespread screening. They will highlight small changes that can be implemented to help overcome these challenges to improve screening practices.For more information about MASLD/MASH, click hereThis program is intended for clinicians in the US only. The information presented is aligned with the views and opinions of the speakers and is sponsored by Novo Nordisk. This podcast is not to be used as medical advice and is intended for educational purposes only.Faculty Presenters:Mohammad Siddiqui, MD Professor of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VAAndrew Schreiner, MDPhysicianMedical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SCArthi Thirumalai, MBBSAttending PhysicianUniversity of Washington School of Medicine and Harborview Medical CenterSeattle, WAClick here for full reference listReferencesAdams LA, Anstee QM, Tilg H, Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut. 2017;66:1138-1153.Allen AM, Charlton M, Cusi K, et al. Guideline-based management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the primary care setting. Postgraduate Med. 2024;136(3):229–245.Allen AM, Hoovler AR, Articolo A, Fisher T, Noureddin M, Dieterich D. Gaps in MASLD/MASH education: a quantitative and qualitative survey with leaders of US graduate medical education programs. Adv in Med Ed and Pract. 2025;16:729–748.Chakravarthy MV, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. The metabolic basis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2020;3(4):e001122.Cusi K, Abdelmalek MF, Apovian CM, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in people with diabetes: the need for screening and early intervention. A consensus report of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2025;25:1-26.Cusi K, Budd J, Johnson E, Shubrook J. Making sense of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease clinical practice guidelines: what clinicians need to know.Diabetes Spectr. 2024;37(1):29-38.Cusi K, Isaacs S, Barb D, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary care and endocrinology clinical settings. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(5):528-562. Ekstedt M, Hagstrom H, Nasr P, et al. Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up. Hepatology. 2015;16(5):1547-1554.Eskridge W, Cryer DR, Schattenberg JM, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: the patient and physician perspective. J Clin Med. 2023;12(19):6216.Estes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, Younossi Z, Sanyal AJ. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):123-133.Forlano R, Sigon G, Mullish BH, Yee M, Manousou P. Screening for NAFLD-current knowledge and challenges. Metabolites. 2023;13(4):536.Godoy-Matos AF, Silva Junior WS, Valerio CM. NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12:60.Golabi P, Owrangi S, Younossi ZM. Global perspective on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis – prevalence, clinical impact, economic implications and management strategies. Alimentary Pharmacol & Ther. 2024;59(Suppl. 1):S1-S9.Heyens LJM, Busschots D, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Francque S. Liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: from liver biopsy to non-invasive biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:615978.Lionis C, Papadakis S, Anastasaki M, et al. Practice recommendations for the management of MASLD in primary care: consensus results. Disease. 2024;12(8):180. Noureddin M, Vipani A, Bresee C, et al. NASH leading cause of liver transplant in women: updated analysis of indications for liver transplant and ethnic and gender variances. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018;113(11):1649-1659.Piao C, Arteaga EJ, Chen S, et al. Improved detection of fibrotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in community-based referrals. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2023;21(9):475-478.Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al; NAFLD Nomenclature consensus group. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol. 2023;79(6):1542-1556.Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1797-1835.Shroff H, VanWagner LB. Cardiovascular disease in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: screening and management. Curr Hepatol Rep. 2020;19(3):315-326.Stine JG, Wentworth BJ, Zimmet A, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis without cirrhosis compared to other liver diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48(7): 696-703.Vilar-Gomez E, Martinez-Perez Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L, et al. Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(2):367-378.Younossi ZM, Blissett D, Blissett R, et al. The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe. Hepatology. 2016;64(5):1577-1586.Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik JM, Henry A, Van Dongen C, Henry L. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review. Hepatology. 2023;77(4):1335-1347.Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73-84.Zhang L, Mao Y. Artificial intelligence in NAFLD: will liver biopsy still be necessary in the future? Healthcare (Basel). 2022;11(1):117.
Transcribe →Advanced Practice Providers: A Pillar of Patient Care in MASH
Nov 1700:18:36Tap to summarizeIn this episode, join experts Deborah Hinnen, NP, RN (Advanced Practice Nurse at Memorial Hospital, University of Colorado), Ann Moore, NP (Nurse Practitioner at Peoria Liver Clinic, Arizona Liver Health), and moderator Mohammad Siddiqui, MD (Professor of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University), as they explore the role of advanced practice providers (APPs) in the management of patients with MASH. Our experts will discuss how APPs' contributions can help enhance the patient journey while improving various aspects of patient care, including clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Experts will also highlight the vital role APPs play in coordinating care for patients with MASH, by facilitating a multidisciplinary approach across specialties. Tune in to learn about the key contributions APPs make to the MASH treatment landscape.For more information on MASLD/MASH, click here.This program is intended for clinicians in the US only. The information presented is aligned with the views and opinions of the speakers and is sponsored by Novo Nordisk Inc. This podcast is not to be used as medical advice and is intended for educational purposes only.Faculty Presenters:Deborah Hinnen, NP, RNAdvanced Practice NurseMemorial HospitalUniversity of ColoradoColorado Springs, COAnn Moore, NPNurse PractitionerPeoria Liver ClinicArizona Liver HealthPeoria, AZMohammad Siddiqui, MD Professor of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VAClick here for full reference listReferencesAdams LA, Anstee QM, Tilg H, Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut. 2017;66(6):1138-1153.Allen AM, Charlton M, Cusi K, et al. Guideline-based management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the primary care setting_. Postgrad Med_. 2024;136(3):229-245. Aminian A, Al-Kurd A, Wilson R, et al. Association of bariatric surgery with major adverse liver and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JAMA. 2021;326(20):2031-2042. Chakravarthy MV, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. The metabolic basis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2020;3(4):e00112.Chen VL, Morgan TR, Rotman Y, et al. Resmetirom therapy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: October 2024 updates to AASLD Practice Guidance. Hepatology. 2025;81(1):312-320.Cusi K, Isaacs S, Barb D, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary care and endocrinology clinical settings. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(5):528-562.Cusi K, Budd J, Johnson E, Shubrook J. Making sense of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease clinical practice guidelines: what clinicians need to know. Diabetes Spectr. 2024;37(1):29-38. Ekstedt M, Hagstrom H, Nasr P, et al. Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up. Hepatology. 2015;61(5):1547-1554.Enslin S. Optimizing the role of advanced practice providers (APPs): Involving APPs in practice operations. Accessed December 10, 2024. https://www.asge.org/home/resources/publications/practical-solutions/practical-solutions-optimizing-the-role-of-advanced-practice-providers-(apps)-involving-apps-in-practice-operationsEstes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, et al. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):123-133.European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD); European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). J Hepatol. 2024;81(3):492-542.Gajos A, Tapper EB. The role of advanced practice providers in the care of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Ther. 2021;43(3):518-523. Godoy-Matos AF, Silva Júnior WS, Valerio CM. NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12:60.Heyens LJM, Busschots D, Koek GH, et al. Liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: from liver biopsy to non-invasive biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:615978.Kanwal F, Shubrook JH, Adams LA, et al. Clinical care pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(5):1657-1669. Liver Foundation. Accessed May 23, 2025. https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/fatty-liver-disease/nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash/nash-definition-prevalence.Muthiah MD, Cheng Han N, Sanyal AJ. A clinical overview of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a guide to diagnosis, the clinical features, and complications─What the non-specialist needs to know. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(Suppl 2):3-14.Piao C, Arteaga EJ, Chen S, et al. Improved detection of fibrotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in community-based referrals. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2023;21(9):475-478. Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1797-1835.Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al. NAFLD Nomenclature consensus group. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol. 2023;79(6):1542-1556. Sanyal AJ, Anstee QM, Trauner M, et al. Cirrhosis regression is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2022;75(5):1235-1246. Schattenberg JM, Lazarus JV, Newsome PN, et al. Disease burden and economic impact of diagnosed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in five European countries in 2018: a cost-of-illness analysis. Liver Int. 2021;41(6):1227-1242.Schattenberg JM, Allen AM, Jarvis H, et al. A multistakeholder approach to innovations in NAFLD care. Commun Med (Lond). 2023;3(1):1. Shroff H, VanWagner LB. Cardiovascular disease in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: screening and management. Curr Hepatol Rep. 2020;19(3):315-326.Tapper EB, Hao S, Lin M, et al. The quality and outcomes of care provided to patients with cirrhosis by advanced practice providers. Hepatology. 2020;71(1):225-234.Tapper EB, Krieger N, Przybysz R, et al. The burden of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the United States. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23(1):109.Targher G, Byrne CD, Lonardo A, Zoppini G, Barbui C. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2016;65(3):589-600.Vilar-Gomez E, Martinez-Perez Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L, et al. Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(2):367-378.Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik JM, et al. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review. Hepatology. 2023;77(4):1335-1347. Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Al Shabeeb R, et al. The changing epidemiology of adult liver transplantation in the United States in 2013-2022: the dominance of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease. Hepatol Commun. 2023;8(1):e0352.
Transcribe →Cardiovascular and Liver Health: A Unified Approach for MASH
Nov 400:17:07Tap to summarizeIn this episode, join experts Nadege Gunn, MD, (Medical Director & Senior Scientific Advisor at Velocity Clinical Research, Waco, TX), Jorge Plutzky, MD, (Director at Preventive Cardiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA), and moderator Mohammad Siddiqui, MD (Professor of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA), as they explore the connection between liver and cardiovascular health. Our experts will discuss how the prevalence of MASH is increased in patients with cardiovascular disease, and is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and increased mortality rates. Experts will explain why managing MASH requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating both hepatology and cardiology—among other specialties—to effectively reduce liver-related and cardiovascular risks. Tune in to learn how managing both MASH and cardiovascular disease together is key to improving outcomes for these patients and why understanding this link is essential for medical professionals and patients alike.This program is intended for clinicians in the US only. The information presented is aligned with the views and opinions of the speakers and is sponsored by Novo Nordisk Inc. This podcast is not to be used as medical advice and is intended for educational purposes only.Faculty Presenters:Nadege Gunn, MDMedical Director & Senior Scientific AdvisorVelocity Clinical ResearchWaco, TXJorge Plutzky, MDDirector, Preventive CardiologyBrigham and Women’s HospitalBoston, MAMohammad Siddiqui, MDProfessor of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VAClick here for full reference listReferencesAdams LA, Anstee QM, Tilg H, Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut. 2017;66(6):1138-1153.Ajmal MR, Yaccha M, Malik MA, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients of cardiovascular diseases and its association with hs-CRP and TNF-α. Indian Heart J. 2014;66(6):574-579.Allen AM, Charlton M, Cusi K, et al. Guideline-based management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the primary care setting. Postgrad Med. 2024;136(3):229-245.Aminian A, Al-Kurd A, Wilson R, et al. Association of bariatric surgery with major adverse liver and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JAMA. 2021;326(2):2031-2042.Chakravarthy MV, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. The metabolic basis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2020;3(4):e00112.Cusi K, Isaacs S, Barb D, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary care and endocrinology clinical settings. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(5):528-562. Duell PB, Welty FK, Miller M, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2022;42(6):e168-e185.Ekstedt M, Hagstrom H, Nasr P, et al. Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up. Hepatology. 2015;61(5):1547-1554.Estes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, Younossi Z, Sanyal AJ. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):123-133.Godoy-Matos AF, Silva Júnior WS, Valerio CM. NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12:60.Kanwal F, Shubrook JH, Adams LA, et al. Clinical care pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(5):1657-1669.Khan SS, Ning H, Wilkins JT, et al. Association of body mass index with lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease and compression of morbidity. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3(4):280-287.Lau DCW, Wharton S. Canadian Adult Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines: The science of obesity. Accessed 14 February 2025. Available from: https://obesitycanada.ca/guidelines/science. Mantovani A, Ballestri S, Lonardo A, Targher G. Cardiovascular disease and myocardial abnormalities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(5):1246-1267.Muthiah MD, Cheng Han N, Sanyal AJ. A clinical overview of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a guide to diagnosis, the clinical features, and complications-What the non-specialist needs to know. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(Suppl 2):3-14.Ng CH, Lim WH, Hui Lim GE, et al. Mortality outcomes by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21(4):931-939.Piao C, Arteaga EJ, Chen S, Guo A, Macdonald ST, Sarkar S. Improved detection of fibrotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in community-based referrals. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2023;21(9):475-478.Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1797-1835. Sanyal AJ, Husain M, Diab C, et al. Cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis compared with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and other liver diseases: a systematic review. Am Heart J Plus. 2024;41:100386.Schattenberg JM, Lazarus JV, Newsome PN, et al. Disease burden and economic impact of diagnosed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in five European countries in 2018: a cost-of-illness analysis. Liver Int. 2021;41(6):1227-1242.Shroff H, Van Wagner LB. Cardiovascular disease in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: screening and management. Curr Hepatol Rep. 2020;19(3):315-326.Targher G, Byrne CD, Lonardo A, Zoppini G, Barbui C. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2016;65(3):589-600.Vilar-Gomez E, Martinez-Perez Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L, et al. Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(2):367-378.Yang Z, Tian R, Zhang XJ, Cai J, She ZG, Li H. Effects of treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;9:1120085.Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik JM, Henry A, van Dongen C, Henry L. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review. Hepatology. 2023;77(4):1335-1347.
Transcribe →Why MASH Screening Matters: Preventing Fibrosis Progression
Dec 10, 202400:20:22Tap to summarizeOn this episode, join experts Kris Kowdley, MD (Director, Liver Institute Northwest) and Mitchell Shiffman, MD, (Hepatologist, Bon Secours Health System in Richmond, Virginia), as they discuss the importance of identifying and referring patients at risk for MASH with clinically significant fibrosis (≥F2). Our experts will discuss the liver specialist perspective on the urgency for specialty referral of appropriate patients, including the increased morbidity and mortality associated with advancing liver fibrosis. They will explain ways to identify patients at risk for clinically significant fibrosis and will discuss how lifestyle modification and management of cardiometabolic comorbidities when present, may reduce the risk of progression to clinically significant fibrosis. They will also provide an overview of the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and highlight the key role of primary care providers and endocrinologists as the front line for identification of patients before MASH progresses to clinically significant fibrosis.This program is intended for clinicians in the US only. The information presented is aligned with the views and opinions of the speakers and is sponsored by Novo Nordisk. This podcast is not to be used as medical advice and is intended for educational purposes only.Faculty Presenters:Kris Kowdley, MD, FACP, FACG, FASGE, AGAF, GAASLDDirector, Liver Institute NorthwestProfessor, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State UniversitySeattle, WAMitchell Shiffman, MDHepatologist, Transplant HepatologyBon Secours Health SystemRichmond, VAClick here for full reference listReferencesCharlton M, Tonnu-Mihara I, Teng CC, et al. The clinical and economic burdens of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. J Med Econ. 2024;2:1–41.Cusi K, Budd J, Johnson E, Shubrook J. Making sense of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease clinical practice guidelines: what clinicians need to know. Diabetes Spectr. 2024;37(1):29–38.Cusi K, Isaacs S, Barb D, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary care and endocrinology clinical settings. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(5):528–562. Dezső K, Paku S, Kóbori L, Thorgeirsson SS, Nagy P. What makes cirrhosis irreversible?-consideration on structural changes. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:876293.Ekstedt M, Hagstrom H, Nasr P, et al. Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up. Hepatology. 2015;61(5):1547–1554.Estes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, Younossi Z, Sanyal AJ. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):123–133.Heyens LJM, Busschots D, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Francque S. Liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic liver disease: from liver biopsy to non-invasive biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:615978.Hussain A, Patel PJ, Rhodes F, Srivastava A, Patch D, Rosenberg W. Decompensated cirrhosis is the commonest presentation for NAFLD patients undergoing liver transplant assessment. Clin Med (Lond). 2020;20(3):313–318.Kanwal F, Shubrook JH, Adams LA, et al. Clinical care pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(5):1657–1669.Koh JH, Chee D, Ng CH, et al. Sex-based disparities in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma and the impact of the growing burden of NASH. Transplant Direct. 2024;10(7):e1642.Lai M and Afdhal NH. Liver fibrosis determination. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2019;48(2):281–289.Liver Foundation Website. Accessed July 15, 2024. https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/fatty-liver-disease/nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash/nash-symptoms/Loomba R, Wong R, Fraysee J, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression rates to cirrhosis and progression of cirrhosis to decompensation and mortality: a real world analysis of Medicare data. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;51(11):1149–1159.Muthiah MD, Cheng Han N, Sanyal AJ. A clinical overview of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a guide to diagnosis, the clinical features, and complications-what the non-specialist needs to know. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(Suppl 2):3–14.Nagai S, Collins K, Chau LC, et al. Increased risk of death in first year after liver transplantation among patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis vs liver disease of other etiologies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(13):2759–2768.e5.Ng CH, Lim WH, Hui Lim GE, et al. Mortality outcomes by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21(4):931–939.Noureddin M, Vipani A, Bresee C, et al. NASH leading cause of liver transplant in women: updated analysis of indications for liver transplant and ethnic and gender variances. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018;113(11):1649–1659.Payne JY, Alkhouri N, Le P, et al. Prevalence of at-risk NASH and its association with metabolic syndrome in US adults with NAFLD, 2017-2018. Hepatol Commun. 2023;7(1):e0019.Piazzolla VA, Mangia A. Noninvasive diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH. Cells. 2020;9(4):1005.REZDIFFRA (resmetirom) [package insert]. West Conshohocken, PA: Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2024.Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1797–1835. Sanyal AJ, Anstee QM, Trauner M, et al. Cirrhosis regression is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2022;75(5):1235–1246.Srivastava A, Gailer R, Tanwar S, et al. Prospective evaluation of a primary care referral pathway for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2019;71(2):371–378. Vilar-Gomez E, Martinez-Perez Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L, et al. Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(2):367–378.Wattacheril JJ, Abdelmalek MF, Lim JK, Sanyal AJ. AGA clinical practice update on the role of noninvasive biomarkers in the evaluation and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2023;165(4):1080–1088.Wong RJ, Tran T, Kaufman H, Niles J, Gish R. Increasing metabolic co-morbidities are associated with higher risk of advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0220612.Younossi Z, Stepanova M, Ong JP, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(4):748–755.e3.Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Al Shabeeb R, et al. The changing epidemiology of adult liver transplantation in the United States in 2013-2022: The dominance of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease. Hepatol Commun. 2023;8(1):e0352.
Transcribe →A Practical Translation Guide: Turning MASH Guidelines Into Practice
Oct 17, 202400:20:28Tap to summarizeOn this episode, join experts Rita Basu, MD (Endocrinologist and Endowed Professor of Diabetes Science at University of Alabama at Birmingham) and Mary Rinella, MD (Transplant Hepatologist and Professor of Medicine at The University of Chicago Medicine), as they explore the most recent MASH guidelines. The experts discuss the different guidelines available, examining their common features and subtle differences for patient screening and the management of MASLD and MASH. They then look to the future, highlighting the emerging data that may influence the next iterations of these guidance documents and inform clinical practice.This program is intended for clinicians in the US only. The information presented is aligned with the views and opinions of the speakers and is sponsored by Novo Nordisk Inc. This podcast is not to be used as medical advice and is intended for educational purposes only.Faculty Presenters:Rita Basu, MDEndocrinologist and Endowed Professor of Diabetes ScienceUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, ALMary Rinella, MDTransplant Hepatologist and Professor of MedicineThe University of Chicago MedicineChicago, ILClick here for full reference listReferencesAdams LA, Anstee QM, Tilg H, Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut. 2017;66(6):1138-1153.American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 4. Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: Standards of care in diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):S49-S67.American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 4. Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: Standards of care in diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S52-S76.Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):328-357.Cusi K, Budd J, Johnson E, Shubrook J. Making sense of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease clinical practice guidelines: what clinicians need to know. Diabetes Spectr. 2024;37(1):29-38.Cusi K, Isaacs S, Barb D, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary care and endocrinology clinical settings. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(5):528-562. Dalal N, Catalli L, Miller SA, et al. BRIDGE to liver health: implementation of a group telehealth psychoeducational program through shared medical appointments for MASLD management. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1546.Estes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, Younossi Z, Sanyal AJ. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):123-133.European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). EASL–EASD–EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). J Hepatol. 2024;S0168-8278(24)00329-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.04.031.Kanwal F, Shubrook JH, Adams LA, et al. Clinical care pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(5):1657-1669.Kanwal F, Shubrook JH, Younossi Z, et al. Preparing for the NASH epidemic: a call to action. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021;29:1401-1412.Nadolsky K, Cryer DR, Articolo A, Fisher T, Schneider J, Rinella M. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis diagnosis and treatment from the perspective of patients and primary care physicians: a cross-sectional survey. Ann Med. 2023;55(1):2211349.Rezdiffra™ [package insert]. West Conshohocken, PA:Madrigal Pharmaceuticals; 2024.Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol. 2023;79(6):1542-1556.Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1797-1835.Schattenberg JM, Lazarus JV, Newsome PN, et al. Disease burden and economic impact of diagnosed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in five European countries in 2018: a cost-of-illness analysis. Liver Int. 2021;41(6):1227-1242.Stefano JT, Duarte SMB, Ribeiro Leite Altikes RG, Oliveira CP. Non-pharmacological management options for MAFLD: a practical guide.Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2023;14:20420188231160394.Tamaki N, Ahlholm N, Luukkonen PK, et al. Risk of advanced fibrosis in first-degree relatives of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(21):e162513.Wada T, Zeniya M. Background of the FIB-4 index in Japanese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Intern Med. 2015;54(2):127-32. Wattacheril JJ, Abdelmalek MF, Lim JK, Sanyal AJ. AGA clinical practice update on the role of noninvasive biomarkers in the evaluation and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2023;165(4):1080-1088.Woodard JS, Abrams GA. Increased prevalence of advanced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease fibrosis in Type 2 diabetics despite low-risk Fibrosis-4 index scores. J Endocrinol Metab. 2024;14(1):40-47.
Transcribe →Exploring FIB-4 for Fibrosis Risk Assessment
Oct 2, 202400:20:49Tap to summarizeOn this episode, join experts Jay Shubrook, DO, FACOFP, FAAFP (Diabetologist and Professor of Medicine at Touro University California) and Mohammad Siddiqui, MD (Gastroenterologist/Hepatologist and Associate Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University), in a discussion that highlights the significance of noninvasive tests in screening patients who are at risk for MASH. These experts enlighten us on how to incorporate the FIB-4 index in clinical practices for fibrosis risk assessment and how the scores generated are used to provide recommendations for further management approaches. The conversation further explores the strength and limitations of using this test. Join us as we discuss the importance of screening for fibrosis using FIB-4.This program is intended for clinicians in the US only. The information presented is aligned with the views and opinions of the speakers and is sponsored by Novo Nordisk Inc. This podcast is not to be used as medical advice and is intended for educational purposes only.Faculty Presenters:Jay Shubrook, DO, FACOFP, FAAFPDiabetologist and Professor of MedicineTouro UniversityVallejo, CaliforniaMohammad Siddiqui, MDGastroenterologist/Hepatologist and Associate ProfessorVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VirginiaClick here for full reference listReferencesAmerican Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 4. Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: Standards of care in diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S52-S76.Cusi K, Budd J, Johnson E, Shubrook J. Making sense of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease clinical practice guidelines: what clinicians need to know. Diabetes Spectr. 2024;37(1):29-38.Cusi K, Isaacs S, Barb D, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary care and endocrinology clinical settings. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(5):528-562. De Lorenzo S, Tovoli F, Mazzotta A, et al. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis as a risk factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and its prognostic role. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(11):3182.Ekstedt M, Hagstrom H, Nasr P, et al. Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up. Hepatology. 2015;61(5):1547-1554.Estes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, Younossi Z, Sanyal AJ. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):123-133.Kanwal F, Shubrook JH, Adams LA, et al. Clinical care pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(5):1657-1669.Ng CH, Lim WH, Hui Lim GE, et al. Mortality outcomes by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21(4):931-939.Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol. 2023;79(6):1542-1556.Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1797-1835.Srivastava A, Gailer R, Tanwar S, et al. Prospective evaluation of a primary care referral pathway for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2019;71(2):371-378.Wattacheril JJ, Abdelmalek MF, Lim JK, Sanyal AJ. AGA clinical practice update on the role of noninvasive biomarkers in the evaluation and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2023;165(4):1080-1088.
Transcribe →Empowering Patients: Strategies for Education on Liver Health
Sep 19, 202400:20:03Tap to summarizeOn this episode, join experts Sarah Enslin, PA-C, (Physician Assistant, Gastroenterology and Hepatology at the University of Rochester Medical Center), and Lisa Richards, FNP-BC, MSN (Hepatology Nurse Practitioner at the University of California San Diego), in a discussion on their approaches to educating patients about MASH and overall liver health. The conversation will examine the importance of educating patients on the disease and how effectively communicating with patients can help raise awareness of MASH, increase screening, and improve diagnosis rates and management of this condition. The experts will discuss best practices for educating patients on key aspects of MASLD and MASH, including understanding the disease, its prevalence, and progression. Furthermore, the conversation will explore the importance of patient and HCP conversations to improve early risk identification and impact overall liver health.This program is intended for clinicians in the US only. The information presented is aligned with the views and opinions of the speakers and is sponsored by Novo Nordisk Inc. This podcast is not to be used as medical advice and is intended for educational purposes only.Faculty Presenters:Sarah Enslin, PA-CPhysician Assistant, Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NYLisa Richards, FNP-BC, MSNHepatology Nurse PractitionerUniversity of California San DiegoLa Jolla, CAClick here for full reference listReferencesAlqahtani SA, Paik JM, Biswas R, Arshad T, Henry L, Younossi ZM. Poor awareness of liver disease among adults with NAFLD in the United States. Hepatol Commun. 2021;5(11):1833-1847.American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 4. Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: Standards of care in diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S52-S76.American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 6. Glycemic goals and hypoglycemia: Standards of care in diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S111–S125.Bae JC. No more NAFLD: the term is now MASLD. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2024;39(1):92-94.Chakravarthy MV, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. The metabolic basis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2020;3(4):e00112.Chan WK, Chuah KH, Rajaram RB, Lim LL, Ratnasingam J, Vethakkan SR. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a state-of-the-art review. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2023;32(3):197-213.Cusi K, Isaacs S, Barb D, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary care and endocrinology clinical settings. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(5):528-562.Dietrich CG, Rau M, Geier A. Screening for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-when, who and how? World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27(35):5803-5821.Ekstedt M, Hagstrom H, Nasr P, et al. Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up. Hepatology. 2015;61(5):1547-1554.Eskridge W, Cryer DR, Schattenberg JM, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: the patient and physician perspective. J Clin Med. 2023;12(19):6216.Estes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, Younossi Z, Sanyal AJ. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):123-133.Forlano R, Sigon G, Mullish BH, Yee M, Manousou P. Screening for NAFLD-current knowledge and challenges. Metabolites. 2023;13(4):536.Hajifathalian K, Mehta A, Ang B, et al. Improvement in insulin resistance and estimated hepatic steatosis and fibrosis after endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty. Gastrointest Endosc. 2021;93(5):1110-1118.Heyens LJM, Busschots D, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Francque S. Liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: from liver biopsy to non-invasive biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:615978.Kanwal F, Shubrook JH, Adams LA, et al. Clinical care pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(5):1657-1669.Kanwal F, Shubrook JH, Younossi Z, et al. Preparing for the NASH epidemic: a call to action. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(3):1030-1042.e8.Lazarus JV, Mark HE, Anstee QM, et al. Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;19(1):60-78.Lee JH, Jang Jung H, Park H, et al. A survey on the awareness, current management, and barriers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among the general Korean population. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):15205.Loomba R, Wong R, Fraysee J, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression rates to cirrhosis and progression of cirrhosis to decompensation and mortality: a real world analysis of Medicare data. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;51(11):1149-1159.Muthiah MD, Cheng Han N, Sanyal AJ. A clinical overview of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a guide to diagnosis, the clinical features, and complications-what the non-specialist needs to know. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(Suppl 2):3-14.Ng CH, Lim WH, Hui Lim GE, et al. Mortality outcomes by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21(4):931-939.Rezdiffra™ [package insert]. West Conshohocken, PA: Madrigal Pharmaceuticals; 2024.Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J Hepatol. 2023;79(6):1542-1556.Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1797-1835.Sanyal AJ, Anstee QM, Trauner M, et al. Cirrhosis regression is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2022;75(5):1235-1246.Schattenberg JM, Lazarus JV, Newsome PN, et al. Disease burden and economic impact of diagnosed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in five European countries in 2018: a cost-of-illness analysis. Liver Int. 2021;41(6):1227-1242.Schulz M, Tacke F. Identifying high-risk NASH patients: what we know so far. Hepat Med. 2020;12:125-138.Sheka AC, Adeyi O, Thompson J, Hameed B, Crawford PA, Ikramuddin S. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a review. JAMA. 2020;323(12):1175-1183.Tapper EB, Krieger N, Przybysz R, et al. The burden of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the United States. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23(1):109.Tincopa MA, Wong J, Fetters M, Lok AS. Patient disease knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a qualitative study. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2021;8(1):e000634.Vilar-Gomez E, Martinez-Perez Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L, et al. Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(2):367-378.Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik JM, Henry A, Van Dongen C, Henry L. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review. Hepatology. 2023;77(4):1335-1347.Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73-84.Zeng J, Fan JG, Francque SM. Therapeutic management of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease. United European Gastroenterol J. 2024;12(2):177-186.
Transcribe →Connecting Metabolic Dots in the Context of MASH
Sep 5, 202400:15:44Tap to summarizeOn this episode, join experts Fernando Bril, MD (Endocrinologist and Assistant Professor of Medicine at University of Alabama at Birmingham) and Bubu Banini, MD, PhD, (Hepatologist/Gastroenterologist and Assistant Professor of Medicine at Yale), as they explore the connection between MASH and other metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The experts discuss the shared metabolic dysfunction among these conditions and the increased prevalence of MASH in patients with other cardiometabolic risk factors. As MASH is frequently (though not always) a progressive yet often asymptomatic disease, our experts provide their perspective on how understanding this metabolic connection can help HCPs better screen, diagnose, and manage patients who are at risk for MASH.This program is intended for clinicians in the US only. The information presented is aligned with the views and opinions of the speakers and is sponsored by Novo Nordisk Inc. This podcast is not to be used as medical advice and is intended for educational purposes only.Faculty Presenters:Bubu Banini, MD, PhDHepatologist/Gastroenterologist and Assistant Professor of MedicineYale UniversityNew Haven, CTFernando Bril, MDEndocrinologist and Assistant Professor of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, ALClick here for full reference listReferencesAdams LA, Anstee QM, Tilg H, Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases. Gut. 2017;66(6):1138-1153.Alexander L. The benefits of obesity medicine certification. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2018;13(2):161-164.American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 4. Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: Standards of care in diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S52-S76.Aminian A, Al-Kurd A, Wilson R, et al. Association of bariatric surgery with major adverse liver and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JAMA. 2021;326(2):2031-2042.Barb D, Repetto EM, Stokes ME, Shankar SS, Cusi K. Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis in individuals with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021;29(11):1950-1960.Bril F, Sanyal A, Cusi K. Metabolic syndrome and its association with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Liver Dis. 2023;27(2):187-210.Cusi K, Isaacs S, Barb D, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary care and endocrinology clinical settings. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(5):528-562. Estes C, Razavi H, Loomba R, Younossi Z, Sanyal AJ. Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):123-133.Godoy-Matos AF, Silva Júnior WS, Valerio CM. NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12:60.Heyens LJM, Busschots D, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Francque S. Liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: from liver biopsy to non-invasive biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:615978.Kanwal F, Shubrook JH, Adams LA, et al. Clinical care pathway for the risk stratification and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2021;161(5):1657-1669.Ng CH, Lim WH, Hui Lim GE, et al. Mortality outcomes by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21(4):931-939.Quek J, Chan KE, Wong ZY, et al. Global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the overweight and obese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8(1):20-30.Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1797-1835. Schattenberg JM, Lazarus JV, Newsome PN, et al. Disease burden and economic impact of diagnosed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in five European countries in 2018: a cost-of-illness analysis. Liver Int. 2021;41(6):1227-1242.Shroff H, VanWagner LB. Cardiovascular disease in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: screening and management. Curr Hepatol Rep. 2020;19(3):315-326.Vilar-Gomez E, Martinez-Perez Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L, et al. Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(2):367-e15.Younossi ZM, Golabi P, de Avila L, et al. The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2019;71(4):793-801.Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik JM, Henry A, Van Dongen C, Henry L. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review. Hepatology. 2023;77(4):1335-1347.Zhang X, Yip TC, Tse YK, et al. Duration of type 2 diabetes and liver-related events in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a landmark
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