This lecture focuses on experiences of hiding and help during the Holocaust across Europe, including the German Reich itself, to highlight the significance of surrounding societies for the survival of Jews. In a broad comparative analysis, going beyond a focus on individual rescuers and getting away from generalisations about supposed ‘national characteristics’, Mary Fulbrook illuminates how local power structures and sense of community shaped non-Jewish responses to antisemitic policies, and affected the choices, experiences and chances of Jews attempting to evade persecution in different regions during the war.

This lecture was recorded by Mary Fulbrook on the 18th of May 2026

A graduate of Cambridge and Harvard universities, Mary Fulbrook is Professor of German History at University College London (UCL) and a Fellow of the British Academy. Her current research is on rescue and survival across Europe during the Holocaust.

She is the author or editor of some 29 books, including Bystander Society: Conformity and Complicity in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust (2023); the Wolfson History Prize-winner Reckonings: Legacies of Nazi Persecution and the Quest for Justice (2018); and the Fraenkel Prize-winning A Small Town near Auschwitz: Ordinary Nazis and the Holocaust (2012), as well as, most recently, Ten Moments that shaped Berlin (2025) and, edited with Jürgen Matthäus, The Cambridge History of the Holocaust Vol. 2: Perpetrating the Holocaust: Policies, Participants, Places (2025).

One of her major research areas has been the GDR, on which she wrote Anatomy of a Dictatorship: Inside the GDR, 1949-89 (OUP, 1995) and The People’s State: East German Society from Hitler to Honecker (Yale UP, 2005). Dissonant Lives: Generations and Violence through the German Dictatorships (OUP, 2011; 2 vols. 2017) traces distinctive generational experiences across this traumatic century, from before World War One until after German unification in 1990. She has also written on German National Identity after the Holocaust (Polity Press, 1999) and Historical Theory (Routledge, 2002). More general books include A Concise History of Germany (CUP, 3rd edn. 2018) and A History of Germany 1918-2020: The Divided Nation (Blackwell, 5th edn 2021). She has directed a series of AHRC-funded interdisciplinary research projects, and is currently directing a collaborative project funded by the AHRC and the German Research Foundation (DFG) jointly with Prof. Christina Morina of Bielefeld University.

Service to UCL includes five years as Dean of the Faculty of Social and Historical Sciences, and a dozen years as Head of the German Department. Among wider professional commitments, Mary Fulbrook serves on numerous academic advisory boards concerned with Holocaust history and representation, including the USHMM Academic Committee, the Academic Advisory Board of the Foundation for the former Nazi Concentration Camps at Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora, and the Editorial Advisory Board of Yad Vashem Studies. She has previously served as Chair of the Modern History Section of the British Academy, Chair of the German History Society, and she was Founding Joint Editor of German History.

The transcript of the lecture is available from the Gresham College website: https://www.gresham.ac.uk/watch-now/society-and-survival-during-holocaust

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