
Welcome to hacking Your ADHD. I'm your host, William Curb, and I have ADHD. On this podcast, I dig into the tools, tactics, and best practices to help you work with your ADHD Brain. And today I'm joined by Sky Waterson for our research recap series....
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Welcome to hacking your ADHD. I'm your host William Curb, and I have ADHD. On this podcast, I dig into the tools, tactics and best practices to help you with work with your ADHD brain. And today I'm joined by Sky Waterson for our research recap series. In this series, we take a look at a single research paper. Although today we're going to be looking to two. And so it's a little something different and but what we do is we try to see how the papers were conducted, try to find any practical takeaways and discuss what's going on in these papers. So the two papers we're going to discuss today are Boredom Proneness and its correlation with Internet Addiction and Internet activities and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. And our second paper then is Boredom Proneness and Inattention in Children with and without adhd the Mediating Role of Delay Aversion. So lots in there, lots to discuss, and we'll get all into that. And as this is a new series, I do want to make sure that people know that. I would love to hear what your thoughts about it. Feel free to go to hackinggradht.com contact and leave me a note about what you think about the series. I'd love to hear about this and I've really appreciated all the feedback I've already gotten for this series. So I'd love to hear more and make sure that I'm doing this in ways that you guys really like. Now, new episodes of Research Recap will be coming out every other Friday. And with that, let's get into this.
B
Yeah, let's do it. I'm really interested in this because what we're going to be looking @ here is two papers. One of them, the first one you said is from 2018, and it's really, I would say, the precursor to the second paper where they go into a little bit more about why, why there's this correlation between boredom and adhd. And you know, what, what we can, what we can glean from it, not just what it looks like, but if we look at the first paper, the 2018 paper, it is pretty much at its core a pretty straightforward paper. They did, you know, they had a look at adolescents age between 11 and 18 in Taiwan who had ADHD according to the DSM. Always loved that. And then they were looking at their experiences of boredom and their experiences of Internet activities. And then weirdly, they looked at like parents, marital status and a couple of other pieces as well.
A
Yeah. I mean, and they did find that those things were like fairly significant in those results too, which is interesting as well. Also, I think it's like there were a lot of kids in this study. We had three sons, hundred kids. And the one thing I kind of was like, oh, they had 86% of them were male. And so you're like, okay, that is a, you know, quite pushing to one side of that spectrum there.
B
Yeah.
A
But I also understand that, you know, we're still catching up on getting girls diagnosed.
B
Exactly. And this was 2018. So, you know, the chances that they were having that conversation is much lower at that point. They were still just like, ADHD is a thing. We should look at it.
A
So. So, yeah, I thought that it was a great study to look at with boredom because. Well, first, let's kind of. Maybe we should talk about why we would want to look at a study of boredom and ADHD in general and some of the terms that we're using here. Because I remember when we talked about this a few weeks ago, I was like, yeah, we should do some papers on boredom. And you're like, boredom. Okay. But I mean, then you, like, look at these papers like, oh, that's really interesting how this affects.
B
Yeah.
A
Because, like, one of the early things I was looking like, okay, well, let's look up what the, like, definition of boredom is here. And I'm like, oh, we don't have a clinical definition of boredom. It's just something that, you know, we're trying to work with.
B
Yeah.
A
And what I came up with here was that boredom is defined as the averse experience to. Of frustrating ones. God, that is just terrible wording. I don't know why I left it like that, but it's just having these adverse experiences and being frustrated with trying to engage in simulating activities and not having stimulations and then having this, you know, lack of simulation in trying to. In whatever you're doing, be it internal or external.
B
Yeah, 100%. And they said right from the beginning, it has been identified as one of the common causes of addictive substance use, substance behavior. And it's interesting to. It's so simple, but it makes so much sense. Like, oh, yeah, if you're bored and you have chronic boredom, you're more likely to engage in addictive behavior, which is what they're looking at here. And in the next paper, they go into it in a bit more detail. And it makes sense that people who have ADHD are more likely. Spoiler alert. For this paper to experience that.
A
Yeah, I mean, I remember seeing. I don't think it would be. I would categorize a study, but it was like online experimentation people are doing where. Putting people in boarding situations where, like, oh, you have this device that can give you a mild shock, or you can just sit and wait in this room. And people are like, I don't want to do that. And then they're just sitting there and like, well, I've been sitting here for 10 minutes. I'm going to shock myself again. And yeah, it's one of the things like, yeah, we will. In a situation where we're not being stimulated, we will find ways to find Stimulation, even if it's unpleasant.
B
Yeah. And if we have adhd, you know, we know that we struggle with this particularly low arousal and that means that we can find ourselves in that unpleasant feeling a lot more. It reminds me of clients I've worked with who I've spoken to, said they couldn't irrationally angry in long meetings because they have to pay attention. And these are people with very professional jobs. You know, they have to pay attention, they have to engage, but the person they listen to is not necessarily the most interesting person. The meeting doesn't necessarily have to exist at all. And it's going on for far too long. And it can be like a very viscerally frustrating experience. Having that level of boredom.
A
Yeah. I mean, thinking back to my life and many like, if I see that I have to wait in line for something, the chances of me just choosing to do something else are much higher. Oh, that's going to take a five minute wait. But that much less interesting thing has a zero minute wait. Guess I'm going to do the zero minute wait thing just because I'm going.
B
To go ahead and think that Disney makes a lot of money off us.
A
I did a vacation, my family there and they have this disability service pass that you can get that is all on their like app and it is very similar to their like lightning lane thing except so you get the disability service and it's mainly aimed for people with adhd, autism, people that would have trouble staying in line. It's not meant really for physical disabilities.
B
Oh, that's so interesting.
A
And what it does is instead of waiting in lines, you like click this thing. It's like, okay, this, they're like, this line has a 55 minute wait and you go, okay, and I'll sign this, sign up for this thing. And then in 55 minutes I can like scan my thing and it'll be like, okay, you've waited in line for 55 minutes. Even though I didn't physically have to wait in line.
B
That's crazy. That's the most accessibility supporting thing I've ever heard of. And it's in Disneyland.
A
Yeah.
B
Which I've never been to. Yeah.
A
It initially felt like I was like just skipping the line here because that's like, oh, I'm not waiting in line. I'm going over here and looking at the shop while the time is going. And then I'm like, but this is accessibility, like straight up. Like I would not wait 55 minutes to go on a ride.
B
Yeah.
A
I just tell my kids, hey, we're not doing that one because there's no way we're gonna get through this.
B
And that one and that one because there's a lot of long lines. Yeah, yeah.
A
And so I was like, oh, yeah, this is great accessibility here to kind.
B
Of bring it back to here in terms of, you know, saying like, oh, is this fair? Should I be allowed to do this? Well, what they actually found was that, yes, you know, when you looked at the results, people who struggled with ADHD were also more likely to struggle with Internet addiction. So the, the results of ADHD was that there was a relationship between boredom proneness in adolescents with ADHD and their risk of Internet addiction, which they sort of said to mean, okay, we probably need to go ahead and evaluate, you know, if somebody has this struggle, we should go ahead and check in and make sure they're not experiencing this problem as well. Because the two are correlated.
A
Yeah. And I think especially with how easy it is to get on the Internet now. It feels like this instant cure for boredom. Even though it's often at a lot of the times what we're doing is we're going to social media and scrolling things that we don't actually find that interesting. And so we're having a worse experience, but we're still doing it because it's easy.
B
And it's actually something I like to talk about with clients. Because one of the things that seems to happen a lot is we will find ourselves in a position where we are saying, okay, I don't want to be. I don't want to be bored, but I also don't want to be over distracted by a bunch of things. So I'm going to remove everything. So my space is very minimal. I don't have a lot of stuff, nothing to distract me except my phone. And so what ends up happening is by removing, and I say, this is, you've got lovely things behind you, so many cool things to do. And I have, you know, little fidgets around me and like, little retro games and things. That's actually to stop me from going on my phone.
A
Yeah, yeah. It's a lot easier for me to do something small that I know I can stop. But if I do a activity on the phone, it's a lot easier to get drawn in. And then me going, like, okay, well if I do this for 10 more minutes, then I'll have three minutes to finish this email that I need to write.
B
Exactly.
A
And 10 minutes, well, I'm sure I could do that in one minute. And yeah, it's like, oh, no, I've completely squandered my time that I needed for a number of things, not just that one email I supposed to write in this half hour.
B
Yeah, 100%, exactly. And it's one of the reasons why sometimes the solution to that problem is on a practical level to increase the amount of things that you can do that are fun in your space, but focus on the ones that you can naturally stop. Because we sort of say, oh, well, I'll get rid of everything and then I'll just have myself. But the truth is you have your phone and unless you're going to do a dumb phone or something like that, you're probably going to find that is a distraction for you.
A
With this paper we get to see that, you know, the boredom proneness is, you know, a meaningful risk factor for finding these things. And did you look at the boredom proneness scale or like the questionnaire that they had for that?
B
No, I didn't. What did they say?
A
I found it. There's great question. It's like, it starts with like, it's easy for me to concentrate on my activities. I'm like, okay, that's, you know, there, you know, like time always seems to be passing slowly. Let's see what. But I think my favorite question on here was having to look at someone's home movies or travel slides. Bores me tremendously.
B
And this, that's amazing.
A
Yeah. And typically it's on a 1 to 7 scale. Although specifically for this study, they listed that they did a one to five.
B
Yeah, I feel like the person who wrote that had like a personal vendetta.
A
Yeah, I guess I am very boredom prone based on the question. Just looking through the questions being like, yeah, I get bored real easy. Although there's other things. Like, I find it easy to entertain myself. Yeah, I endlessly find entertainment. I. But I don't know if that, I don't know if that question points to being easily bored or easily.
B
Yeah. Easily distracted. Yeah. Yeah. And then in 2025, do you want to jump into that paper or is there anything else you want to say about the 2018 one?
A
Just the socioeconomic factors that being like. Yeah, if you have parents that are well involved, you're less likely to have Internet addiction. And they did not discuss why that is, other than it's fairly obvious if you're home alone not being entertained, you will find the easy solution.
B
Yeah, yeah, it was. So they sort of speculated on like parental involvement and parental oversight and, and the effects that that would have, but they didn't have too Much. They had a few conversations about, like, maybe it was also about the ability to go outside access to resources related to that. But. But it was interesting to see that they included that as well.
A
We should also mention that this was a lot of this was in comparison to doing online studying.
B
Yes. Yeah.
A
And, you know, being a 2018 paper, who knew that it would be so relevant in just a couple of years?
B
Yes, 100%. And it was interesting to see this paper sort of from 2018, which is around about when I was sort of starting to realize I had adhd. It was not a time when people were on the Internet talking about it the way that they do now. And then Fast forward to 2025. So hot off the press, we have a paper that came out looking at boredom proneness in children with and without adhd. And this time they had a lot more firepower to bring to the conversation because since that time there was conversations about, you know, delay aversion, what that means. They also talk about the default mode network, which we love. And they also start with the concept of boredom, which I really appreciated because clearly they've been having this problem as well. What is boredom? And they basically said it's, you know, closely related to problems with attention regulation. It's associated with frustration, it can even trigger feelings of depression, and it's associated with increased risk of problematic eating behavior, substance use problem, gambling, as well as ADHD symptoms. So they really came in hard into this 2025 paper saying, Hey, I know boredom sounds like something that you just say like, no one should be bored, but in reality it's quite a problem. But, but yeah, they, they talked about delay aversion as in saying, you know, difficulty waiting is also a common problem for children with adhd. And ironically, we literally just talked about waiting. You know, the symptoms of ADHD reflect alteration in the brain's dopaminergic reward system and, and the value of delayed rewards is discounted to a greater extent than normal. So we tend to face adverse consequences when confronted with delays. Anybody who's been confronted with delays will feel that on a visceral level because often those adverse consequences are viscerally feeling. And so we typically opt for immediate or less delayed options which will affect our abilities when it comes to being bored.
A
Mm. Yep. And I love that this compared to the previous study. I love this study had a control group to compare this to. Whereas last day was just looking at, hey, can we find these correlations with this? And this was like, hey, when you have adhd, are you more likely to deal with these board system. So it had like 183 children, 93 with ADHD, 90 without. And then it was ages like 9 through 16.
B
Yeah, exactly. So this study, they specifically said previous researchers established a robust association between boredom proneness and ADHD symptoms. But here they really wanted to look at the mechanisms of what was going on. And they used the short boredom proneness scale, which they translated into Chinese because this is the way that study was conducted. And then, yeah, went through some questionnaires to see what was happening. So what did they find?
A
Well, they did find that delay aversion is a key mechanism linking boredom to inattention. And then they were finding that this adds to this idea that ADHD symptoms, you know, go beyond just having this emotional regulation. So it's adds to the idea that ADHD is more than just attention problems. It's, you know, emotional dysregulation, it's motivation and it is these delays in being averse to delays that is really driving these factors.
B
Exactly. And it was really nice to see all of the. In some ways this paper is so good because it gives us this information. It also gives us a sense of how from far we've come in the ADHD conversation in general, which, you know, is, is really good to see. And then they also talked about the default model. They said, you know, boredom is closely linked to the regions of the brain's default mode network. And I just wrote default model, exclamation point.
A
Yeah.
B
And the researchers found that boredom induced negative effects was associated with increased activities in the bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex, decreased activity in the pre nucleus. They're saying here that it appears that resting state default mode network activity closely overlap those observes during the experimentally manipulated boredom conditions. They're bringing the conversation and saying excessive default mode network activity has been linked to attention lapses, a common feature of ADHD as well.
A
I really do feel that the more we're learning about the default mode network and it's, you know, not transferring to the task positive network is something that we're going to just be seeing coming up in research over and over again and how that this is really what's limiting our attentional regulation and is going to be something that we're. I don't know if there'll be a lot we can do about that, but it is going to be something where, oh, this is where we need to focus on trying to get ourselves to be, have a little bit more stimulation when we're focused on what we want to be focusing on.
B
Yeah, yeah. That's when we need to give ourselves that boost. And for those of you who are like default mode network. Well, we have talked about it, so there are papers, there are articles, sorry, podcast episodes on that topic.
A
Yeah. And just. Just to give people quickly. Yeah. It is the part of your brain that you use when you're not doing goal and oriented activity. Then this test positive network is what you're doing with the part of your brain you're using when you are doing goal oriented activity. And there are indications with ADHD that you don't switch between the two very easily. And your default mode network tends to just stay active most of the time. So you have daydreaming while doing goal activity and just thinking about other things.
B
Yeah. And for anyone who's tried to do a task and then found themselves in tab 3 of an idea that they didn't even fully process that they were even thinking about, that's the default mode network conversation.
A
Yeah. So an interesting thing I did find about this study was that the. There was this heavy reliance on parental reporting on these things.
B
Yeah.
A
And they found much stronger implications when parents were looking at the behaviors of their children compared to children doing their self rating. And it's just one of these things with ADHD that I find that the severity of the symptoms are often reported based on how they're affecting other people rather than how they're affecting yourself.
B
Yes, 100%. I think that's always such an interesting conversation. And even in the conversation of diagnosis. Right. In order to get a diagnosis, you have to go back sometimes and find teachers reports. And it's like, well, if your teacher didn't think that you were disrupting the class, it might be hard for us to give you a diagnosis.
A
Yeah. Which is especially relevant with people that are inattentive.
B
Yes, 100%. And people who are masking really well.
A
Yeah. As I was saying earlier, my kids are going back to school and asking them, hey, do you want to bring fidgets and stuff? And my daughter being like, nope, don't want to have any of that in the class. I'm like, oh, because you don't want to be perceived as different.
B
Which is. Which I completely relate to. Completely did the same thing. And it meant that I got diagnosed way later. And also it meant that, you know, it was harder to find those. Those things that were like, you know, it was. It was more like, it would be great if she read the last page of the test.
A
Yeah. I was like, oh, yeah. The number of tests I've gotten back where it's like, why didn't you do this problem? Oh, I didn't see it. How did you not see this whole page? I don't know.
B
To kind of summarize this, it really is. For those of you who are curious, there is an association between boredom and adhd. It's very real. It is. You know, we see it across time. When we're looking at these different papers, we see that it has a significant effect on ourselves and we're starting to see a little bit more about why that is. That is happening as well.
A
Yeah. And we're seeing this with, especially with this 2050. This delay aversion is being this thing, this key indicator of like, oh, are you going to be going into these boredom things? And then if you have boredom induced. Are you going to be able to deal with it?
B
Yeah, exactly. And I feel like at this point I should probably give you guys something. So if you do DM me at Unconventional Organization and just message us boredom, we will send you like a list of examples of fidgets and fun, adult friendly dopamine things that you can do. Because I do want you to go, well, that's cool. But let's have some practical strategies. So we will give those to you as well.
A
Yeah, absolutely. Because it is something where you can't just rely on the. What we have often heard is just, just focus, just push through. And those are really bad strategies.
B
And don't push through.
A
These studies are saying, yeah, this, that won't work. You need to have something to add to the stimulation so that you're not feeling. Yeah, just mind numbingly bored because you're just not going to be able to push through.
B
Yeah, it's associated with a lot of things we don't want to be focusing on and dealing with. So don't do it. Grab that fidget. It's, it's okay. You can. Yeah. So you were just listening to a research recap. I'm Skye Waterson of Unconventional Organization. If you like that there's lots more information about ADHD and support for you@unconventional organization.com you can go ahead and check that out. Lots of free resources, lots of strategies, and if you want to join our programs, you can do that as well. And we'll see you there. Unconventional Organization.
D
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Host: William Curb
Guest: Skye Waterson
Date: October 3, 2025
In this episode of "Hacking Your ADHD," host William Curb is joined by Skye Waterson for their ongoing "Research Recap" series. This time, they dive into two key research papers examining the relationship among boredom proneness, delay aversion, inattention, and ADHD, especially in adolescents and children. The conversation is engaging, practical, and relatable, providing insights not only into scientific findings but also into the lived experience of ADHD. The goal is to extract actionable advice while exploring the implications of the studies for everyday ADHD management.
"If you're bored and you have chronic boredom, you're more likely to engage in addictive behavior..."
– Skye ([05:58])
"Delay aversion is a key mechanism linking boredom to inattention."
– William ([18:06])
"The severity of the symptoms are often reported based on how they're affecting other people rather than how they're affecting yourself."
– William ([21:28])
"You can't just rely on the... 'just focus, just push through.' And those are really bad strategies."
– William ([24:15])
The conversation is warm, humorous, and approachable, with both host and guest sharing personal anecdotes and practical reflections that ground the science in real everyday struggles and solutions. The focus is always on empowering listeners to work with, not against, their ADHD brains.
This episode is a deep dive into why boredom feels so intense for those with ADHD, why waiting can be viscerally difficult, and how those struggles are rooted in both brain networks and psychological processes. You’ll come away with new understanding—and some practical ideas—for managing inattention, resisting the siren song of low-value internet use, and treating your need for stimulation as a legitimate, manageable part of neurodiversity.