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- [00:00]
Rocket Money Advertiser
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- [01:10]
Lindsey Graham
It's 11am on January 22, 1808. In the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil, 40 year old Dom Joo, Prince Regent of Portugal, wakes to the familiar rhythm of a ship slowly rising and falling in the water. After more than two months at sea, the gentle creak and lurch of the decks has become a constant companion. Two months ago, a French army invaded invaded Portugal and marched to the outskirts of Lisbon. Facing total defeat, Joao and the rest of the Portuguese royal family chose to flee rather than surrender. Now they're seeking sanctuary thousands of miles away on the other side of the Atlantic. Brazil is Portugal's largest colony and it's going to host the country's royal court in exile. But as Joao lies in bed dozing, he suddenly hears the unmistakable sound of birds. Joao jolts upright, tumbles from his bed and rushes to the porthole. What he sees brings a smile to his face. They've reached their destination at last. Joao hurries out of his cabin. The deck is already crowded with dozens of other passengers leaning over the rail. Several bow or curtsy as Joao pushes past, barely noticing them. His attention is fixed on the coastline ahead, where the city of Salvador sits at the mouth of a wide bay. He's been thinking about this moment for weeks. Having fled his home in traumatic circumstances, he's dreamed of a warm welcome in Brazil. But there's no one here to greet him. A few fishing boats and merchant ships lie anchored in the harbor, but the docks are deserted. As far as Joao can tell, Salvador is a ghost town. Despite the muted welcome, Dom Joao's arrival will transform Brazil forever. Over the next 13 years, he will oversee the rapid development of his new South American home. But he will also be pulled into a struggle between the old and new worlds, a battle that begins with Joao's arrival in Brazil on January 22, 1808. A quick update on My Days that Made America Live tour Tickets for the first show in Dallas are on sale now@historydailylive.com you can also sign up for information on upcoming dates, which we hope to announce soon. Sticking with the this day in History theme of History Daily, in this show I'm going to tell the story of America through six critical moments, 24 hour periods that made the country what it is today. So come out to see me live. For information on tickets and upcoming dates, go to historydailylive.com that's historydailylive.com and if you're in the North Texas area, buy your tickets now@historydailylive.com the number one resolution.
- [03:53]
Rocket Money Advertiser
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- [04:53]
Grainger Purchasing Manager
You'Re the purchasing manager at a manufacturing plant, you know having a trusted partner makes all the difference. That's why, hands down, you count on Grainger for auto reordering. With on time restocks, your team will have the cut resistant gloves they need at the start of their shift and you can end your day knowing they've got safety well in hand. Call 1-800-GRAINGER click granger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.
- [05:22]
Grainger HVAC Technician
If you're an H vac technician and a call comes in, Grainger knows that you need a partner that helps you find the right product fast and hassle free. And you know that when the first problem of the day is a clanking blower motor, there's no need to break a sweat. With Grainger's easy to use website and product details, you're confident you'll soon have everything humming right along. Call 1-800-GRAINGER clickgrainger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.
- [05:52]
Grainger Purchasing Manager
If you're the purchasing manager at a manufacturing plant, you know having a trusted partner makes all the difference. That's why hands down, you count on Grainger for auto reordering. With on time restocks, your team will have the cut resistant gloves they need at the start of their shift and you can end your day knowing they've got safety well in hand. Call 1-800-GRAINGER click granger.com or just stop by Granger for the ones who get it done.
- [06:25]
Lindsey Graham
From noiser and airship I'm lindsey graham and this is history. Daily. History is made every day on this podcast. Every day, we tell the true stories of the people and events that shaped our world. Today is January 22, 1808. The Portuguese Royal family flees to Brazil. It's the morning of November 29, 1807, in Lisbon. 20 Portugal. Two months before the Portuguese court arrives in Brazil. Dom Joo sways from side to side as his carriage rattles through the capital's cobbled streets. It's an uncomfortable ride, but right now speed is more important than comfort. Joao is fleeing his kingdom, leaving his people at the mercy of an invading army. The Portuguese throne technically belongs to Dom Joo's mother, Queen Maria I. But repeated bouts of mental illness have left her unable to rule. And over the past two decades, power has gradually passed to Zhuo instead. Now he is Prince regent, the king in all but name. But Joo has assumed power at a perilous moment. Portugal is caught between two rival superpowers, Britain and France. These two empires are at war, and both have demanded that Portugal side with them. Ten days ago, a French army crossed the border and began to march on Lisbon. Which means now Joao has just a few hours before they arrive. But rather than take his chances with the French, he's accepted a British offer of safe passage. He's going to escape across the ocean to Brazil. Still, Joao feels sick with shame and guilt. Across the city, royal proclamations have been circulated justifying his decision to leave. But as his carriage hurtles through the streets, he draws the curtains and sinks low in his seat. He can't see his subjects, but he can hear their shouts of abuse. When the carriage finally reaches the harbor, Joao climbs out to see 30 ships crowding the docks. Each is rapidly filling with aristocrats, courtiers, officials and servants. But even amid the chaos, Joao can hear a familiar shrill voice piercing the noise. His mother, 73 year old Queen Maria, is confused and distressed and she's refusing to step out of her carriage. Pressed for time, Joao turns to a nearby soldier who and tells him to carry his mother onto the ship. He then quickly follows them up the gangplank. Joining them on board are Joo's two sons, nine year old Pedro and five year old Miguel. Having the entire family on board means that if the ship founders, Portugal's entire royal line could be lost. But it's a risk Dom Joo feels they have to take if they're to escape from the French in time. As the royal ship weighs anchorage, hundreds of more loyal citizens line the dock to watch their leader depart. Feeling deeply ashamed, Joao can barely look as the wind fills the sails and the harbor recedes into the distance, leaving him to wonder if he'll ever return to his homeland again. The journey across the Atlantic Ocean takes more than a month. When the royal fleet finally approaches Brazil, most of the ships sail further south, toward the colonial capital, Rio de Janeiro. But at the last moment, Joao orders his captain to change course. 800 miles north is Salvador, Brazil's oldest city and the former colonial capital. To Joo, it feels like a more fitting place for him to land. So on January 22, 1808, his ship sails into the Bay of All Saints near Salvador. Unfortunately, Joao's change of plan hasn't been communicated to the authorities in the city. So there are no ceremonies, no crowns, no formal greeting at all, waiting for the port Portuguese royal family instead. After a short delay, a single local official rows out to meet them. It's an awkward and humbling beginning to their Brazilian exile. And after a hurried consultation, Joao decides to remain aboard the ship for another night. That will give the residents of Salvador time to prepare a welcome fit for royalty. And by the next morning, the city has been transformed. As the ship drops anchor in the harbor, the a thunderous gun salute erupts from the nearby fort and church bells ring out in celebration. The waterfront is lined with Salvador's elites, who step forward in strict order of rank to greet their rulers. A procession of carriages waits to carry the royal family into the city, and as they go, cheers echo through the streets. Joao gets his first look at his new homeland, but he can't stop thinking about what he's left behind, the shouts of abuse from his betrayed subjects. Still haunted, he can't shake his guilt at abandoning Portugal to the invading French, and he hopes that one day he will be able to return. But even if he does, he isn't sure his people will ever forgive him.
- [11:25]
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- [12:25]
Grainger Purchasing Manager
If you're the purchasing manager at a manufacturing plant, you know having a trusted partner makes all the difference. That's why, hands down, you count on Grainger for auto reordering. With on time restocks, your team will have the cut resistant gloves they need at the start of their shift, and you can end your day knowing they've got safety well in hand. Call 1-800-GRAINGER clickgrainger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.
- [12:55]
Grainger HVAC Technician
If you're an H Vac technician and a call comes in, Grainger knows that you need a partner that helps you find the right product fast and hassle free. And you know that when the first problem of the day is a clanking blower motor, there's no need to break a sweat. With Grainger's easy to use website and product details, you're confident you'll soon have everything humming right along. Call 1-800-GRAINGER Click grainger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.
- [13:25]
Grainger Purchasing Manager
If you're the purchasing manager at a manufacturing plant, you know having a trusted partner makes all the difference. That's why, hands down, you count on Grainger for auto reordering. With on time restocks, your team will have the cut resistant gloves they need at the start of their shift and you can end your day knowing they've got safety well in hand. Call 1-800-GRAINGER click granger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.
- [14:03]
Lindsey Graham
It's February 6, 1818, in the Brazilian capital, Rio de Janeiro, 10 years after the Portuguese royal family arrived from Europe. Dressed in velvet robes embroidered with gold, Joao passes beneath a towering triumphal arc made of wood and painted canvas. Behind him come his two now teenage sons in a long procession of dignitaries, soldiers and officials. The streets are lined with cheering crowds, all celebrating Joao's coronation and as their king. In the decades since Joao arrived in Brazil, the country has been transformed. A steady stream of Portuguese migrants has swollen the population, and the royal family's presence has drawn some of Europe's finest artists and architects across the Atlantic. Institutions of state that once existed in Lisbon have been recreated in Rio de Janeiro. There are now grand palaces, government ministries, courts, and a treasury in the city. So what was once intended as a temporary refuge is beginning to look like a permanent home for the royals. Reflecting Brazil's newfound importance, the former colony has been elevated to equal status with its colonizer. The royal family now rules over the United Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil. And two years ago, a new monarch ascended the dual throne. The aged and unwell Queen Maria I died at last, and Dom Joo succeeded her as King Joo vi. In practice, little has changed except his title. He had already been ruling in Maria's name for more than 20 years. Today's coronation is more of a belated public celebration than an actual transfer of power. After Joao enters the royal chapel, the roar of the crowd outside fades. Joao sits on a throne and solemnly swears an oath to rule his kingdom justly. His sons, Pedro and Miguel, then place their hands on a Bible and vow obedience to their father. After this ceremony, there's a lavish feast in the royal palace. And that evening, fireworks light up the sky over Rio de Janeiro. But across the Atlantic in Portugal, the mood is less jubilant. It's been almost four years since the French were driven out, but Portugal has effectively just swapped one hated occupying force for another. In place of the French, the British now govern Portugal. They do so with King Joao's permission. But their heavy handed rule has bred deep resentment. More and more Portuguese long for a return to the old order. They want the royal family back in Lisbon. The British gone, and Brazil returned to its proper status as a mere colony. Bajo's coronation in Rio de Janeiro makes it clear that he has no intention of returning anytime soon. Brazil seems to be his sole focus. Focus now, and the people of Portugal take notice. In August 1820, the discontent in Joao's European kingdom erupts into open rebellion. The unrest begins in the northern city of Porto and spreads quickly across the country. British occupying forces are expelled from Lisbon as the rebels seize control. They insist that they remain loyal to King Joo. But if he wishes to retain his throne, he will have to accept some changes. The rebels demand that Joao must rule as a constitutional monarch, sharing power with an elected assembly. They call for Brazil to be stripped of its status as an equal kingdom. And finally, they demand that King Joao return to Lisbon and govern from his ancestral capital, La. Joao is deeply reluctant. He's built a new life in Brazil and doesn't want to leave it. So he proposes a compromise. His eldest son, Dom Pedro, can return to Portugal in his place. But Pedro refuses to leave as well, insisting that Joao alone must calm the unrest. So, fearing outright rebellion both in Portugal and Brazil in April 1821, King Joao tearfully boards a ship bound for Portugal with the rest of the royal family. Just one of them stays behind. Dom Pedro has agreed to rule over Brazil on his father's behalf. But King Joao's departure still sends shockwaves through the country. Now it's the people of Brazil who feel abandoned. And after 13 years as the royal capital, Brazil is no longer the neglected colony it once was. And Brazilians are not willing to give up their new status. Instead, they will soon demand a monarch of their own. And they won't have to look far to find one.
- [18:25]
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- [19:25]
Grainger HVAC Technician
If you're an H Vac technician and a call comes in, Grainger knows that you need a partner that helps you find the right product fast and hassle free. And you know that when the first problem of the day is a clanking blower motor, there's no need to break a sweat. With Grainger's easy to use website and product details, you're confident you'll soon have everything humming right along. Call 1-800-GRAINGER clickgrainger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.
- [19:55]
Grainger Purchasing Manager
If you're the purchasing manager at a manufacturing plant, you know having a trusted partner makes all the difference. That's why hands down, you count on Grainger for auto reordering. With on time restocks, your team will have the cut resistant gloves they need at the start of their shift and you can end your day knowing they've got safety well in hand. Call 1-800-GRAINGER Click grainger.com or just stop by grainger for the ones who get it done.
- [20:25]
Grainger HVAC Technician
If you're an H Vac technician and a call comes in, Grainger knows that you need a partner that helps you find the right product fast and hassle free. And you know that when the first problem of the day is a clanking blower motor, there's no need to break a sweat. With Grainger's easy, easy to use website and product details, you're confident you'll soon have everything humming right along. Call 1-800-GRAINGER click granger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.
- [21:03]
Lindsey Graham
It's January 9, 1822, in the Royal palace in Rio de Janeiro. Nine months after King Joo's departure, 23 year old Dom Pedro, the heir to the Portuguese throne, leans forward as he listens to a delegation of Brazilian officials. Over the past few weeks, they've collected 8,000 signatures on a petition with a single request. They want Pedro to stay in Brazil. Since King Joo sailed for Lisbon last year, the Portuguese parliament has grown increasingly assertive. It has freed political prisoners, adopted a liberal constitution and demanded that King Zhou give up powers. His predecessors held for centuries. Recently, it has even called for Dom Pedro to return home to Portugal, too, to ensure that the line of royal succession is protected. But Pedro has little affection for his homeland. He left Portugal at the age of nine and has spent most of his life in Brazil. It shaped him into the man he is today. And he has no intention of leaving. So when the petitioners finish reading their appeal, Pedro leans back in his chair. He pauses, giving the impression of careful deliberation. But in truth, his decision is an easy one. He will honor the will of the people by staying in Brazil. The announcement quickly becomes known as Giudofico, or I stay Day. It's a dramatic act of defiance. Pedro is openly challenging the authority of the Portuguese government and by extension, his own father. So events move swiftly. Within hours, Brazilian militias fan out across Rio de Janeiro, arresting Portuguese troops stationed in the city. Pedro orders the Portuguese military commander to leave the country and authorizes the creation of a new Brazilian assembly. When the Portuguese parliament hears about this, it immediately tries to reverse the changes. But that only makes Pedro go further still. He declares Brazil independent, renounces his place in the Portuguese line of succession, and instead adopts a new title as the first Emperor of Brazil. This bold declaration of independence leads to war between the former united kingdoms. It will take three years of fighting for Portugal to admit defeat, and only then will King Joao formally recognize Brazil's independence. But he'll do so with mixed emotions. After all, Joao never wanted to leave the country himself and arguably set Brazil on the path to independence when he unexpectedly, unexpectedly appeared off the coast of Salvador on January 22, 1808. Next on History Daily, January 23, 1977. America's dark history of slavery is embedded into mainstream popular culture with the television premiere of Rock from Noiser and Airship. This is History Daily. Hosted, edited and executive produced by me, Lindsey Graham Audio editing by Mohammed Shahzib Sound design by Molly Bach Music by Thrum this episode is written and researched by Samuel Hume. Edited by Scott Reeves Managing producer Emily Burke Executive producers are William Simpson for Airship and Pascal Hughes for Noiser.
- [24:18]
Grainger Purchasing Manager
If you're the purchasing manager at a manufacturing plant, you know having a trusted partner makes all the difference. That's why, hands down, you count on Grainger for auto reordering. With On Time Restocks, your team will have the cut resistant gloves they need at the start of their shift. And you can end your day knowing they've got safety well in hand. Call 1-800-GRAINGER click granger.com or just stop by grainger for the ones who get it done.
- [24:48]
Grainger HVAC Technician
This is the story of the one as an H Vac technician, he and his digital multimeter are in high demand. So when a noisy office H Vac turns out to be a failing blower motor, he doesn't break a sweat. With Grainger's easy to use website and product information. He selects the product he needs to keep everything humming right along. Call 1-800-GRAINGER clickranger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.
- [25:18]
Lindsey Graham
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Rocket Money User
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- [25:24]
Grainger HVAC Technician
That's a clicktastic inventory.
- [25:26]
Lindsey Graham
And check out the financing options payments to fit our budget. I mean, that's Clickonomics101 delivery to our door.
- [25:33]
Grainger HVAC Technician
Just a hop, skip and a click away.
- [25:35]
Rocket Money Advertiser
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- [25:45]
Grainger HVAC Technician
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