History Daily: Juneteenth Episode Summary
Release Date: June 19, 2025
Host: Lindsay Graham
Produced by: Airship, Noiser, Wondery
Introduction
On this special episode of History Daily, host Lindsay Graham delves into the profound significance of Juneteenth, commemorating the emancipation of enslaved African Americans in Texas. Through poignant storytelling and historical analysis, Lindsay brings to life the events of June 19, 1865, a pivotal moment in American history.
The Story of William Moore
[00:26] William Moore
The narrative begins on a warm fall day in 1864 at a sheep farm in Mexia, Texas, where nine-year-old William Moore, an enslaved shepherd, showcases both innocence and resilience. While tending to sheep, William's day takes a tragic turn when he hears his mother’s anguished scream. Rushing to her aid, he witnesses Tom Waller, the farmer, brutally whipping his mother.
In a moment of desperation and bravery, William “picks up a rock and flings it” at Waller, incapacitating him and attempting to free his mother. The situation escalates when Mary Waller, Tom’s daughter, unexpectedly intervenes, assisting William in releasing his mother and helping them flee the farm. This act of unexpected kindness marks the beginning of a journey toward freedom for William and his mother.
The Civil War Context
[04:05] Lindsey Graham
The backdrop of this personal struggle is the broader context of the American Civil War. Despite the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, which declared the freedom of over 3.5 million enslaved individuals in Confederate states, enforcement was inconsistent. Texas, as one of the last holdout states, remained largely unaffected by the proclamation until Union forces made significant advances.
Lindsay highlights that Tom Waller, unable to resist the changing tides of war, relocates his operations to Texas, aiming to escape the reach of Union soldiers and maintain his control over enslaved workers like William and his family.
General Granger’s Role
[10:19] William Moore
As the Civil War draws to a close, Union Major General Gordon Granger emerges as a pivotal figure in enforcing emancipation in Texas. Following the fall of Fort Blakely and the surrender of Confederate forces, Granger is appointed to oversee Union control in Texas. His mission is to implement the Emancipation Proclamation in a state that has long resisted its implications.
On June 19, 1865, Granger issues General Order No. 3, which “declares that the enslaved population of the United States is now free”. This order is disseminated through newspapers and posters across Texas, finally informing the last enslaved people of their freedom.
The Emancipation Proclamation and General Order No. 3
[10:19] William Moore
The episode underscores the delayed impact of the Emancipation Proclamation, which relied heavily on Union military presence for enforcement. General Order No. 3 serves as the definitive announcement of freedom for Texas's enslaved population, making June 19, 1865, a landmark date that would later be celebrated annually as Juneteenth.
William Moore's personal journey—from being enslaved to becoming a fugitive—mirrors the broader struggle for freedom faced by countless African Americans. His family's cautious transition from fear to hope encapsulates the mixed emotions of liberation amidst lingering threats.
Establishment of Juneteenth
[16:40] William Moore
Following the issuance of General Order No. 3, William and his mother continue to navigate their newfound freedom cautiously. They remain in hiding, distrusting immediate reliance on their former enslaver, Tom Waller, fearing a return to oppression. Their eventual decision to leave the Waller farm signifies a step towards self-determination and the slow dismantling of institutionalized slavery.
The episode emphasizes that while Juneteenth marks a significant milestone, the path to true freedom and equality was, and continues to be, fraught with challenges. The slow pace of change and lingering resistance from some enslavers highlight the enduring legacy of slavery in American society.
Conclusion
[08:49] Lindsey Graham
Lindsay Graham concludes by reflecting on the enduring legacy of Juneteenth. She acknowledges that while General Order No. 3 was a monumental step towards the abolition of slavery, the struggle for freedom and equality persists. Juneteenth serves as a reminder of resilience, the fight for justice, and the ongoing journey toward a more equitable society.
“The day will come to be known as Juneteenth and will be celebrated every year on the anniversary of General Granger's decree when the enslaved population of the last holdout state learned of their freedom on June 19, 1865,” Graham states, encapsulating the episode's central theme of liberation and remembrance.
Production Credits
This episode of History Daily was hosted, edited, and executive produced by Lindsay Graham. The production team included audio editing by Mohammed Shazia, sound design by Molly Bach, supervising sound designer Matthew Filler, and music by Thrum. The episode was written and researched by Owen Paul Nichols, edited by Scott Reeves, with managing producer Molly Burke, and executive producer William Simpson for Airship and Pascal Hughes for Noiser.
Join us next time on History Daily as we continue to explore the defining moments that have shaped our world, one day at a time.