The Sinking of the Vasa

Summary

---

History Daily: The Sinking of the Vasa

Host: Lindsay Graham
Date: August 10, 2026
Main Theme: The catastrophic maiden voyage and sinking of Sweden’s grand warship Vasa in 1628—an event shaped by ambition, flawed design, and royal fear—along with the ship’s rediscovery and resurrection centuries later.

---

Episode Overview

This episode transports listeners to Stockholm in 1628, where the warship Vasa, a marvel of Swedish naval ambition, sets out on her first journey—only to capsize and sink minutes later. Through rich narration, the episode explores how arrogance, technical errors, and fear of royal reprisal doomed the ship and its crew, and how the truth was buried until Vasa’s rediscovery 333 years later.

---

Key Discussion Points & Insights

1. The Vasa’s Inauspicious Beginnings

• Setting the Scene (00:39):

  • The episode opens with vivid detail: “It’s late afternoon on August 10, 1628, in Stockholm Harbor, Sweden…”
  • The Vasa, glittering with gilded carvings, is described as “one of the largest and most powerful warships in Northern Europe,” constructed under King Gustavus Adolphus’s command and loaded with 64 guns.
  • Captain Hansson, aware of the ship’s fatal flaw, worries about instability: “The Vasa has been built too tall and too narrow… the ship is unstable” (00:39).

• Foreshadowing Disaster:

  • Leadership, including the captain and vice admiral, share private doubts about the ship but no one dares challenge the king.

2. The Stability Test & Suppressed Warnings

• Pre-Voyage Test (05:33):

  • A month before the maiden voyage, a dramatic stability test is recounted: sailors run from side to side, causing the Vasa to heel alarmingly.

  • “Euron grips the railing and waits for the ship to settle… but the Vasa does not. It hangs at an angle before slowly returning upright.” (06:30)

  • Vice Admiral Fleming abruptly halts the test, everyone falling silent, each realizing the ship’s perilous instability but nobody acting on this knowledge:

    “Vice Admiral Fleming has just watched 30 men bring the Navy’s new flagship close to disaster while it was still tied to the quay. But he doesn’t dare inform the King and he doesn’t postpone the maiden voyage.” (09:57)

  • Design flaws come to the forefront:
    “The ship was designed by a Dutch-born master shipwright who died before the Vasa was completed. Another Dutchman... took over, but by then the Vasa’s basic proportions had already been fixed.” (08:47)

3. The Sinking of the Vasa

• Catastrophe Erupts (12:56):
  • On launch day, the ship moves sluggishly, with crowds cheering nearby.
  • “Maybe his worries were overblown,” reflects Captain Hansson, mere moments before disaster.
  • Two sudden gusts heel the ship over; after the second, the Vasa does not recover:

    “...the ship heels over even farther. Hansen grabs the railing. But this time the Vasa does not right itself. It’s gone so far over that its open gun ports have dipped below the waterline. There are screams and shouts of alarm from below deck as the sea rushes in.” (13:38)

  • In a gripping moment, Hansen must abandon ship:

    “Hansen doesn’t let himself think about the dozens trapped below. There’s nothing he can do for them now. The Vasa is going down too quickly.” (14:35)

4. The Aftermath and Royal Inquest

• Immediate Blame:

  • Hansen is arrested and interrogated:

    “The king’s flagship has sunk, and someone must pay the price.” (15:35)

  • The investigation focuses on possible incompetence or drunkenness, but it becomes obvious the root cause was “an overly ambitious design, an impatient king and a court too afraid to tell him the truth.” (16:40)

• No One Held Responsible:

  • Shipwright Hein Jakobsen insists he followed approved plans. The inquest is politically paralyzed:

    “Blaming the living shipwrights could deprive the navy of men it needs for the war. Blaming the design risks embarrassing the king, so in the end, no one is officially held responsible.” (17:24)

  • Captain Hansen and the others know the truth but remain silent:

    “But he’s content to let the truth lie undisturbed, just as the Vasa does itself on the bottom of the harbor.” (17:39)

5. Rediscovery and Resurrection of the Vasa (1950s–1960s)

• Modern Salvage (19:53):
  • In 1959, diver Per Edvin Felting works in total darkness beneath Stockholm’s harbor, carving tunnels with high-pressure water jet to eventually haul the Vasa from the mud.
  • Describes the tension and danger as divers tunnel from opposite directions beneath the fragile wreck:

    “It’s difficult work, and he grips the nozzle tight against its recoil, feeling blindly through the freezing water for the edges of the tunnel he’s already cut.” (20:10)

  • After months, steel cables are run, and the Vasa is finally, in 1961, raised and prepared for display—“just as magnificent as the ship itself, which sank more than three centuries earlier.” (22:35)

---

Notable Quotes & Memorable Moments

• On suppressed warnings:

  “No one will tell the King the truth about the Vasa. Vice Admiral Fleming has just watched 30 men bring the Navy’s new flagship close to disaster... But he doesn’t dare inform the King and he doesn’t postpone the maiden voyage.”
  — Lindsay Graham (09:57)

• On the cause of disaster:

  “The real failure was an overly ambitious design, an impatient king and a court too afraid to tell him the truth.”
  — Lindsay Graham (16:40)

• On the silence after the disaster:

  “But he’s content to let the truth lie undisturbed, just as the Vasa does itself on the bottom of the harbor.”
  — Lindsay Graham (17:39)

• On modern recovery efforts:

  “Each diver breathes through a single air hose running to the surface, so if a collapse crushes or tears it, he’ll be dead in minutes. Nonetheless, Per works steadily... until he feels something shift ahead of him, a change in the pressure of the water.”
  — Lindsay Graham (20:27)

---

Important Timestamps

| Timestamp | Segment Summary | |--------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------| | 00:39 | Majestic launch of the Vasa—warning signs ignored | | 05:33-10:47 | Pre-voyage stability tests fail—senior officers remain silent | | 12:56 | The Vasa’s maiden voyage and catastrophic sinking | | 15:35 | Captain Hansen’s arrest and the royal inquest | | 17:39 | The collective cover-up and the Vasa’s long concealment under water | | 19:53 | Rediscovery and salvage of the Vasa in the 1950s and 1960s | | 22:35 | The Vasa is finally raised, restored, and put on display |

---

Tone & Style

Lindsay Graham’s narration is cinematic and immersive, blending empathy for the people involved with a sharp critique of pride and political dysfunction. The story is told with suspense and gravitas, balancing intimate personal confessions (like Hansson’s private dread) against grand moments of royal hubris and national spectacle.

---

Summary

The Sinking of the Vasa is a cautionary tale of ambition, secrecy, and the dire consequences of refusing to confront hard truths. The episode masterfully unpacks this historic maritime disaster, showing how flaws ignored for political convenience led to tragedy—and how, centuries later, technology and persistence allowed Sweden to reclaim a vivid artifact of its past from the depths of Stockholm harbor.

Transcript

[Capital One Advertiser]

When she said, I don't dance now

[Lindsey Graham]

I make money moves. That was a mission statement for a whole new generation.

[Grainger Advertiser]

Respect. But that's not the Mount Rushmore. Listen, Cash rules everything around me. When that line dropped, it changed the whole hustle. The greatest tracks are never finished. They're just debated forever. Introducing the sprite living track list. 50 tracks that shape the culture from six decades of hip hop. Scan the QR code on a Sprite or Sprite Zero Sugar to see the full breakdown. Obey your thirst, Sprite.

[Lindsey Graham]

It's late afternoon on August 10, 1628, in Stockholm Harbor, Sweden. Captain suffering Hansen strides along the quarter deck of the warship Vasa, shouting to keep time. His crew heaves at thick ropes, and Hansen watches as four of his ship's enormous white sails rise up the masts. The sun is shining, the seas are are calm, and there's a light breeze. It's the perfect day for the Vasa to set out on its maiden voyage. Constructed under orders from the king, the Vasa is heavily armed. 64 guns line its decks. But it's not just one of the largest and most powerful warships in Northern Europe. In the sunshine, it also glitters like a jewel, with painted carvings of emperors, warriors and mythological creatures sparkling in gold leaf. A breeze catches the sails, and more than 1,000 tons of oak, iron and bronze slide forward through the water. Captain Hansen looks across at the nearby shore where a large crowd is gathered. They're waving and cheering and lifting small children up on their shoulders for a better view. On Hanson's command, Devos cannons fire a salute. Booming echoes racing across the harbor as the ship says farewell to its home port. If the Vasa goes on to see success in battle, the rewards for Hansen could be enormous. Money, fame and royal favor all await. But in the back of his mind, Captain Hansen knows there's a problem. The Vasa has been built too tall and too narrow, and even now, as it glides through the water, he can feel it through his feet. The ship is unstable, With its towering upper works and two full gun decks. Too much of the Vasa's weight sits high above the waterline. Captain Suffering Hansen, the ship's master and the senior admiral all know this, but none of them have dared to tell the King of Sweden. So now all Captain Hansen can do is hope their fears are wrong and that the day won't end with the sinking of the Vasa on its maiden voyage on August 10, 1628. Hello, History Daily listeners. The live show I've been telling you about for a few Weeks has a new date October 23rd at the Plaza Theater in Garland, Texas. This is my Days that Made America Tour, a thrilling evening of history, storytelling and music with me and a band live on stage. So if you're in the North Texas area or anywhere close, be sure to come out and see me live. More shows will be announced soon too, so for information on tickets and upcoming dates, go to historydailylive.com that's historydailylive.com come see my Days at Made America Tour live on stage. Go to historydailylive.com

[Grainger Maintenance Engineer Advertiser]

when you're a maintenance engineer in a beverage manufacturing plant, you keep production lines moving and quality on track because there is no room for slowdowns. With Grainger's vast selection of high quality motors, sensors, belts and hard to find parts, you can get what you need fast and all in one place, so nothing gets in the way of getting the job done. Call 1-800-GRAINGER clickranger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.

[Grainger Advertiser]

Grainger knows when you're a procurement manager for an office park, you're not managing one building, you're managing all of them. And to stay ahead, you need to see through walls and around corners. Lights about to fail, Filters ready to clog H Vac on its last leg. If you wait until something breaks, you're already behind. Count on Grainger for quality products, easy reordering and 24. 7 support. Call 1-800-GRAINGER click grainger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done. DSW Earth Place of the humble. Brag here. The shoes are so good, no one would ever know how little you paid if you didn't go telling everyone that is. And with never ending options for every style, mood and occasion, all at really

[Grainger Maintenance Engineer Advertiser]

great prices, we'll definitely give you something to brag about.

[Grainger Advertiser]

So go ahead. Stock up on fresh sneakers from your

[Lindsey Graham]

favorite brands or try those boots you

[Grainger Advertiser]

always secretly knew you could pull off.

[Grainger Maintenance Engineer Advertiser]

Find the shoes that get you at

[Grainger Advertiser]

prices that get your budget at DSW

[Grainger Maintenance Engineer Advertiser]

stores [e-mail] Let us surprise you. When you're a maintenance engineer in a beverage manufacturing plant, you keep production lines moving and quality on track because there is no room for slowdowns. With Grainger's vast selection of high quality motors, sensors, belts and hard to find parts, you can get what you need fast and all in one place, so nothing gets in the way of getting the job done. Call 1-800-GRAINGER click granger.com. or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.

[Lindsey Graham]

From Noiser and Airship. I'm Lindsey Graham, and this is History Daily. History is made every day on this podcast. Every day, we tell the true stories of the people and events that shaped our world. Today is August 10, 1628. The sinking of the Vasa it's early July 1628, in Stockholm harbor, a month before the Vasa's maiden voyage. Shipmaster Euron Matson stands on the upper deck of the Vasa, watching. 30 sailors gather near the port rail. Behind them rise the towers of the royal palace. The Vasa lies moored at the quay beside the castle walls, its immense hull towering over the small boats around it. Euron has spent his life aboard ships, but he's never served on one quite like this. The Swedish king, Gustavus Adolphus, intends the Vasa to be both a weapon and a symbol, a floating demonstration of his nation's power. Sweden has been at war with Poland, Lithuania for the past seven years. Storms and enemy action have inflicted heavy losses on the Swedish navy, and Gustavus Adolphus is demanding new warships as quickly as the royal shipyards can produce them. But to Euron Matsen, the Vasa looks wrong. It's too tall and too narrow. Too much of its weight sits above the waterline, the ship's captain, suffering Hansen, has noticed this, too. That's why he's ordered today's demonstration. Standing beside Hansen on the quarterdeck is Vice Admiral Klaus Fleming. He's one of the most powerful officers in the Swedish navy and has come to see whether the Vasa is stable enough to sail. Captain Hansen shouts an order, and the 30 sailors run together from port to starboard. As they cross the deck, their combined weight makes the ship rock beneath them. The masts tilt, the riggings creak, and loose objects slide across the planks. Then the men turn and run back. The Vasa rolls the other way. Urine grips the railing and waits for the ship to settle. Any vessel will heal when weight shifts across its deck, but a well designed ship should quickly right itself. The Vasa does not. It hangs at an angle before slowly returning upright. Yurin glances toward Captain Hansen, whose face is tense beside him. Fleming says nothing. The sailors run across the deck again, and this time the ship rolls even farther. Urine feels the deck fall away beneath his feet. Beyond the rail, the harbor seems to rise toward him until the ship finally pauses in its roll as though balanced on the edge of a knife. Then it lurches back. The sailors turn for a third crossing, and as they race across the deck. The Vasa heals so violently that Uren has to brace himself against the rail for a moment. He fears the ship may capsize right there at the quay before it ever reaches open water. But Vice Admiral Fleming has seen enough. He orders Captain Hansen to stop the test. Hansen shouts to the sailors, and the men halt where they stand. Slowly, the Vasa rocks back upright, its mast swaying above the harbor. But no one speaks for a moment. The only sound is the water slapping on the hull. Yurin knows what this test has shown. The Vasa cannot safely carry sail in a strong wind. Any sudden gust could push it over faster than the crew could react. And there is little that can be done now to correct. The ship was designed by a Dutch born master shipwright who died before the Vasa was completed. Another Dutchman, Hein Jakobsen, took over the work and he made some minor alterations. But by then the vase's basic proportions had already been fixed. Uren himself has filled the ship with as much ballast as he can, 120 tons of stone. But it's clearly not enough. Any effective repairs would now require drastic changes. Reducing the height of the ship, cutting back its armaments, or rebuilding major sections of the hull. It could take months and cost a fortune, and no one thinks the King will accept that. Euron looks up at the Royal Castle. Gustavus Adolphus is away in Prussia, campaigning with his army. He has repeatedly pressed his officers to send the Vaza to sea as soon as possible. But Euron wonders whether the King would be willing to change his mind if he'd been there to witness the test. No one will tell the King the truth about the Vasa. Vice Admiral Fleming has just watched 30 men bring the Navy's new flagship close to disaster while it was still tied to the key. But he doesn't dare inform the King and he doesn't postpone the maiden voyage. So in less than a month, the Vasa will set sail as scheduled. King Gustavus Adolphus once imagined his new ship dominating the Baltic Sea, when in reality, it won't even make it out of the harbor.

[Grainger Maintenance Engineer Advertiser]

When you're a maintenance engineer in a beverage manufacturing plant, you keep production lines moving and quality on track because there is no room for slowdowns. With Grainger's vast selection of high quality motors, sensors, belts and hard to find parts, you can get what you need fast and all in one place. So nothing gets in the way of getting the job done. Call 1-800-GRAINGER Click grainger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.

[Grainger Advertiser]

Grainger knows. When you're a procurement manager for an office park, you're not managing one building, you're managing all of them. And to stay ahead, you need to see through walls and around corners. Lights about to fail, filters ready to clog H Vac on its last leg. If you wait until something breaks, you're already behind. Count on Grainger for quality products, easy reordering and 24. 7 support. Call 1-800-GRAINGER click grainger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.

[Grainger Maintenance Engineer Advertiser]

When you're a maintenance engineer in a beverage manufacturing plant, you keep production lines moving and quality on track because there is no room for slowdowns. With Grainger's vast selection of high quality motors, sensors, belts and hard to find parts, you can get what you need fast and all in one place so nothing gets in the way of getting the job done. Call 1-800-GRAINGER clickranger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done. When you're a maintenance engineer in a beverage manufacturing plant, you keep production lines moving and quality on track because there is no room for slowdowns. With Grainger's vast selection of high quality motors, sensors, belts and hard to find parts, you can get what you need fast and all in one place, so nothing gets in the way of getting the job done. Call 1-800-GRAINGER clickranger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.

[Lindsey Graham]

It's August 10, 1628, on the quarter deck of the Vasa in Stockholm Harbour, a month after the ship nearly capsized during a test. Captain Sirfring Hansen shields his eyes against the summer sun. The Vasa is moving slowly, doing little more than drifting with the current. They are still less than a mile from their anchorage, close enough that Hansen can hear the crowds cheering them on their way. He exhales and it feels like the first breath he's taken in months. Maybe his worries were overblown. His orders are to proceed to a naval base south of the capital. It should be a simple journey through the sheltered waters of the Stockholm archipelago. But then a sudden gust of wind whistles through the rigging above him. The sails flap and the ship tilts sharply to one side. Heart pounding, Captain Hansen waits for the Vasa to settle and slowly the ship does tilt back upright. It sails on for a few moments, but then there's a second gust, harder than the first, and the ship heels over even farther. Hansen grabs the railing. But this time the Vasa does not right itself. It's gone so far over that its open gun ports have dipped below the waterline. There are screams and shouts of alarm from below deck as the sea rushes in. Hansen yells out an order to close the gun ports, but it's too late. The weight of the water starts dragging the ship down on the tilting deck. Men start leaping over the side, desperate to escape the sinking ship. But Hansen doesn't let himself think about the dozens trapped below. There's nothing he can do for them now. The Vasa is going down too quickly. As water surges over the decks and submerges the ship's carved finery, Hansen also leaps into the sea. Thanks to Stockholm's tangle of islands, land is less than 400ft away. But Hansen can feel the water tugging at him. As the Vasa goes down, it wants to take its captain with it. Hansen thrashes his legs, fighting for every inch until finally his ship disappears beneath the waves and lets him go. Exhausted, he makes for the shore while small boats race out of the harbor in hopes of saving others. But Hanson has barely dragged himself onto dry land when a squad of armed guards arrives and places him under arrest. The king's flagship has sunk, and someone must pay the price. Three and a half weeks later, Captain Hansen is summoned to a hearing at the Royal Palace. Hanson and the Vaza's other surviving officers have been under formal investigation ever since the ship sinking, along with the men responsible for his construction. Because when word of the disaster reached the Swedish king, he was furious. He declared that it must have been the result of incompetence or negligence, and that those responsible would answer for it. Captain Hansen has been grilled about whether the ship was properly rigged, whether its guns were secured, and even whether his crew was sober. Hanson knows that the answer is yes to all three. The real failure was an overly ambitious design, an impatient king and a court too afraid to tell him the truth. But as the man in command when the ship went down, Hanson fears he will take the blame regardless. And now he's about to discover what his punishment might be. A guard escorts Hansen into a grand hall. He walks past rows of seated officers and shipwrights, every one of them staring at the floor. Through another door comes the shipwright, Hein Jakobsen. He perhaps is the only man in the room more likely than Captain Hansen to be punished for this disaster. The assembly rises as the inquest chairman enters. It's Admiral Karl Karlsson Yillinjel, the king's half brother. Captain Hansen holds his breath, waiting for the admiral to deliver a verdict. But it doesn't come. The hearings have established that the ship was badly designed. In his evidence, Han Jacobsen insisted that he had merely followed the plan, plans drawn up by his dead predecessor, plans the king himself approved. And this has left the inquest trapped. Blaming the living shipwrights could deprive the navy of men it needs for the war. Blaming the design risks embarrassing the king, so in the end, no one is officially held responsible. Captain Hanson lets out a sigh of relief. He and everyone else in the room knows exactly what happened. But he's content to let the truth lie undisturbed, just as the Vasa does itself on the bottom of the harbor. And there, concealed in the depths, Hansen's ship will remain hidden beneath the waves for the next 333 years, until a daring operation in the 20th century will bring the King of Sweden's great folly back to the light.

[Grainger Advertiser]

Granger knows when you're a procurement manager for an office park, you're not managing one building. You're managing all of them. And to stay ahead, you need to see through walls and around corners. Lights about to fail, Filters ready to clog H Vac on its last leg. If you wait until something breaks, you're already behind. Count on Grainger for quality products, easy reordering and 24. 7 support. Call 1-800-GRAINGER click grainger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.

[Capital One Advertiser]

Brought to you by the Capital One Savor card. With Savor, you earn unlimited 3% cash back on dining, entertain and at grocery stores. That's unlimited cash back on ordering takeout from home or unlimited cash back on tickets to concerts and games. So grab a bite, grab a seat and earn unlimited 3% cash back with the Saver card. Capital One what's in your wallet terms apply. See capitalone.com for details. This message is brought to you by the Capital One Venture X Card. Venture X offers the premium benefits you expect, like a $300 annual capital one travel credit for less than you expect. Elevate your earn with unlimited double miles on every purchase, bringing you one step closer to your next dream destination. Plus, enjoy access to over 1,000 airport lounges worldwide. The Capital One Venture X Card what's in your Wallet Terms apply. Lounge access is subject to change. See capitalone.com for details.

[Grainger Advertiser]

Grainger knows when you're a procurement manager for an office park, you're not managing one building, you're managing all of them. And to stay ahead, you need to see through walls and around corners. Lights about to fail. Filters ready to clog. H Vac on its last leg. If you wait until something breaks, you're already behind. Count on Grainger for quality products, easy reordering and 24. 7 support. Call 1-800-GRAINGER click grainger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.

[Lindsey Graham]

It's July 1959, in the waters of Stockholm harbor, more than three centuries after the sinking of the Vasa. Salvage diver Per Edvin Felting aims a metal nozzle into total darkness. Above him are more than 100ft of water and over 1,000 tons of wreckage. A few years ago, Per was part of a team that first rediscovered the exact position of the Vasa. The ship had lain in Stockholm harbor for three centuries. Soon after it sank, several efforts were made to raise the ship, but 17th century technology wasn't up to the task. More than 50 of the ship's valuable cannons were saved, but the rest was largely forgotten for centuries. By the time the ship's location was rediscovered in 1956, salvage technology had greatly improved. It's still dangerous work, and today Pear is blasting water at the clay beneath Vaza's hull, carving out tunnels using high pressure jets. It's difficult work, and he grips the nozzle tight against its recoil, feeling blindly through the freezing water for the edges of the tunnel he's already cut. Because electric lights are useless down here, the clay stirred up by the jets swallows any light, and they're approaching a dangerous moment. Somewhere just ahead of him, another team is cutting into the clay from the opposite side. If the tunnel collapses when the two sides break through, Pear and the others could be buried alive. Each diver breathes through a single air hose running to the surface, so if a collapse crushes or tears it, he'll be dead in minutes. Nonetheless, Pear works steadily, cutting the clay inch by inch until he feels something shift ahead of him, a change in the pressure of the water. Within moments, a patch of the wall gives way. A communications cable runs from the surface into his heavy copper diving helmet. He calls up immediately to have his jet shut off, then leans forward into the blackness, reaching out with his hand. And it doesn't take long to find a hole opening into the tunnel on the other side. Within weeks, steel cables will be threaded through this tunnel and five others. Then the salvage team will lift the Vasa free of the mud and begin moving it into shallower water. Another 18 months of preparation will pass before the ship finally breaks the surface, and it will be then that Gustavus Adolphus's flagship will return to land. There it will be preserved and eventually put on display in a museum just as magnificent as the ship itself, which sank more than three centuries earlier on August 10, 16, 1928. Next on History Daily August 11, 1965 the arrest of a young black man for drunk driving sparks riots in Los Angeles. From Noiser and Airship this is History Daily Hosted, edited and executive produced by me, Lindsey Graham Audio editing by Mohammed Shahzi Sound design by Molly Bach Music by Thrum this episode is written and researched by Ned Carter Miles Edited by William Simpson Managing Producer Emily Burke Executive producers are William Simpson for Airship and Pascal Hughes for Noiser.

[Capital One Advertiser]

This message is brought to you by the Capital One Venture X Card Venture X offers the premium benefits you expect, like a $300 annual Capital One Trav credit for less than you expect. Elevate your earn with unlimited double miles on every purchase, bringing you one step closer to your next dream destination. Plus enjoy access to over 1000 airport lounges worldwide. The Capital One Venture X Card what's in your wallet? Terms apply Lounge access is subject to change. See capitalone.com for details.

[Grainger Maintenance Engineer Advertiser]

When you're a maintenance engineer in a beverage manufacturing plant, you keep production lines moving and quality on track because there is no room for slowdowns. With Grainger's vast selection of high quality motors, sensors, belts and hard to find parts, you can get what you need fast and all in one place so nothing gets in the way of getting the job done. Call 1-800-GRAINGER clickranger.com or just stop by Grainger for the ones who get it done.

[Capital One Advertiser]

This message is brought to you by the Capital One Venture X Card. Venture X offers the premium benefits you expect, like a $300 annual 1 travel credit for less than you expect. Elevate your earn with unlimited double miles on every purchase, bringing you one step closer to your next dream destination. Plus enjoy access to over 1000 airport lounges worldwide. The Capital One Venture X Card what's in your wallet? Terms apply Lounge access is subject to change. See capitalone.com for details.