This concise report, crafted for the Congressional Research Service, aims to shed light on the Israel-Hamas conflict and U.S. policy responses. It provides an insightful overview of the shocking attacks on October 7th and the ensuing Israeli military campaign. The report also addresses the humanitarian crisis affecting Palestinians, potential areas for conflict escalation, and significant political developments in Israel, Arab nations, and international organizations. Focusing on U.S. policy from October 2023 to early February 2024, it explores possible congressional actions to address the ongoing war. This audiobook features Version 19 of Israel and Hamas Conflict in Brief, released on February 6, 2024, and reflects the situation as of that date. The report number for reference is R47828. - Summary by Elsie Selwyn