The author is a professor emeritus at Sungkyunkwan University Law School and former co-chair of the National Future Constitutional Reform Advisory Committee.
A recent survey has revealed the strong public demand for constitutional reform in Korea. According to a study of 12,000 respondents released by the National Assembly, about seven in 10 people, or 68.3 percent, said they support amending the Constitution. Support for revision exceeded opposition across all age groups, regions and political orientations. Among those who said they understood the issue well, the level of support was even higher.

Particularly noteworthy is the reason cited by supporters of constitutional reform. Among those who favor revision, 70.4 percent said it is necessary to respond to social change and new challenges. The Constitution is the supreme legal norm designed to guarantee the basic rights of citizens. When the social environment surrounding those rights changes, the system that protects them must also evolve.
Korea now faces an unprecedented set of overlapping crises. Rapid advances in artificial intelligence are transforming the social and economic landscape. At the same time, the country confronts a demographic cliff, regional population decline and the accelerating impact of climate change. None of these developments could have been anticipated in 1987 when the current Constitution was last amended. These structural shifts require a review of whether constitutional rights are adequately protected under new conditions and whether the Constitution should be redesigned for the future.

Public opinion regarding specific reform agendas reflects this trend. Broad support emerged for explicitly recognizing new constitutional rights, including the right to life at 85.9 percent, the right to safety at 87.2 percent and the right to informational self-determination at 79.9 percent. These responses suggest a strong public desire for a Constitution that more clearly safeguards the dignity and security of citizens in an era of rapid change.
Public awareness of forward-looking constitutional issues also appears to be growing. In the survey, 74.8 percent supported including a principle that national governance should consider the interests of future generations, including responses to the climate crisis. Meanwhile, 85.7 percent agreed that scientific and technological development should be harmonized with human dignity and fundamental rights.
No country in the world has yet incorporated provisions directly addressing artificial intelligence into its Constitution. If Korea were to draft constitutional provisions reflecting the realities of the AI era, it could provide a global precedent. Rather than responding passively to social transformation, constitutional reform should actively shape the future.
Many citizens also supported proposals to expand references to democratization movements in the Constitution's preamble. Among the events proposed, references to the May 18 Democratization Movement of 1980 received the highest level of support at 90.6 percent, followed by the June 10 pro-democracy uprising of 1987 at 73.9 percent and the Busan-Masan democratic protests of 1979 at 58.2 percent. Another 83 percent supported including the state's responsibility for balanced regional development in the Constitution, reflecting concern over widening regional disparities and the decline of local communities.
Debate over constitutional reform has continued for decades. Over the past 40 years, the issue has been widely discussed in academic circles and in the National Assembly. Including the most recent National Future Constitutional Reform Advisory Committee, the Assembly has established six advisory bodies on constitutional reform.
The survey results suggest that most citizens no longer want the issue postponed. Some 69.5 percent said the National Assembly should pursue a step-by-step reform approach, focusing first on areas where political agreement is possible...