This article is by Michael Lee and read by an artificial voice.

Experts warned that South Korea, the United States and European countries remain "unprepared" for the kind of drone warfare Russia is employing against Ukraine at a panel discussion hosted by the European Union delegation and the embassies of Germany and Ukraine on Friday.
Mykhailo Samus, a military expert and director of the New Geopolitics Research Network, said that large-scale drone combat has exposed deep gaps in air defense systems designed for a different era, and closing them will require far closer cooperation with Kyiv.
Samus noted that fighter jets, once central to air defense, are "not very effective" against systems such as the Iranian-designed Shahed drones used by Russia. Traditional doctrines, he added, no longer match the realities of the battlefield.
The panel brought together Ukrainian, European and South Korean experts to examine how Russia's war has affected global stability and its implications for the Korean Peninsula. The discussion also reflected growing concern about the war's broader ripple effects, from deepening Russia-North Korea cooperation to shifting perceptions of the United States as a security guarantor.
More than four years into the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the conflict is increasingly seen as both a grinding war of attrition and a laboratory for new forms of combat, particularly in the use of drones, electronic warfare and layered defense systems.
For Samus, the transformation of warfare is already complete. While noting that the basic objective of war — detecting and destroying the enemy — has not changed, he highlighted the different ways in which that objective is achieved.
Describing Ukraine's battlefield as a dense network of overlapping systems that combine electronic warfare, physical interception and other non-kinetic methods, he highlighted Russian "multilayered" tactics, which center on inexpensive drones deployed in large numbers to overwhelm conventional defenses.
To counter them, Ukraine has developed what he called "small air defense," a decentralized approach that differs from traditional antimissile and air defense systems. Samus noted that Ukraine has deployed tens of thousands of such systems, integrating electronic disruption with kinetic responses. Even so, he expressed concern that shortages, particularly of interceptors, will become more acute as the United States focuses on military operations against Iran and defending its assets in the Persian Gulf.

Samus said Ukraine has offered to share its experience with Western partners, but warned that adaptation has been slow.
"European countries haven't changed a lot," he said, referring to both military doctrine and institutional thinking.
He also pointed to shifting political dynamics. In his view, former U.S. President Donald Trump has focused more pressure on Ukraine than on Russia in attempts to end the war, while Russian President Vladimir Putin is trying to consolidate gains in eastern Ukraine through negotiations without paying the cost of major offensives.
"If they want to gain this territory, they need to sacrifice thousands of lives," Samus said, warning that Putin would only use negotiated gains in territory held by Ukraine to launch another war. "We need to continue fighting," he added.
His remarks were echoed, in different ways, by other speakers who suggested that the war's trajectory is shaped as much by political calculations as by battlefield developments.
Nataliya Butyrska, a senior fellow at the New Europe Center, argued that the premise of a near-term peace remains flawed.
"Russia doesn't want peace," she said. "It's not possible, in their view, to have Ukraine as a sovereign country," she said, referring to Russia.

She also noted that ending the conflict could create internal pressures for the Kremlin. "It's not in the interest of Russia to have soldiers come home to a destroyed economy," she said.
She added that the war "is not ...