Franklin D. Roosevelt, l’allié 3/5 : Le New Deal

Summary

Podcast Summary: "Franklin D. Roosevelt, l’allié 3/5 : Le New Deal"

Le Cours de l'histoire by France Culture delves deep into the intricate tapestry of historical events shaping our present. In the episode titled "Franklin D. Roosevelt, l’allié 3/5 : Le New Deal," released on July 20, 2025, the discussion centers around FDR’s transformative New Deal policies and their profound impact on the United States during the Great Depression.

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Introduction to Roosevelt’s Ascension

The episode opens with a reenactment of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s inauguration speech, setting a solemn yet hopeful tone for his presidency.

Franklin D. Roosevelt (00:19):
"Roosevelt the ally I Franklin Delano Roosevelt do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States..."

This powerful affirmation underscores Roosevelt's commitment to steering the nation through its darkest economic times.

Economic Landscape Upon Roosevelt’s Takeover

Political Analyst (00:16):
“When Roosevelt took office, US Steel was the largest...”
(00:16)

The historian, France Guiltyr, and political analysts elaborate on the dire economic conditions Roosevelt inherited, including the collapse of major industries and widespread public despair.

The Great Depression and Public Sentiment

Historian (03:12):
“The Great Depression surprisingly gave rise to popular discontent... Communist party was probably the largest single radical movement during the Popular Front period.”
(03:12)

The discussion highlights the surge in radical movements and the public’s clamor for wealth redistribution, setting the stage for Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives.

Roosevelt’s Vision and Leadership

Franklin D. Roosevelt (05:11):
"There is no vision, the people perish. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truth. We apply social values more noble than mere monetary profits."
(05:11)

Roosevelt emphasizes the necessity of visionary leadership, moving beyond mere economic recovery to restore societal values.

Political Analyst (06:31):
“Roosevelt launched his first hundred days despite his disability...”
(06:31)

The analysis touches upon Roosevelt’s resilience and strategic momentum in his initial hundred days, despite personal challenges.

Implementation of the New Deal Programs

Economist (07:24):
“WPA Works Progress Administration, SSA Social Security Administration, CWA Civil Work Administration.”
(07:24)

The conversation delves into the specific programs under the New Deal, detailing their roles in providing jobs and stabilizing the economy.

Franklin D. Roosevelt (09:02):
"The government sponsored a spectacular parade up New York's Fifth Avenue to promote an unprecedented federal effort, the National Recovery Administration."
(09:02)

A vivid account of Roosevelt’s efforts to garner public support through grand demonstrations, highlighting the National Recovery Administration's objectives to establish fair business practices.

Political Dynamics and Challenges

Political Analyst (10:42):
“The New Deal was not perfect... effectiveness of those programs was really dependent on various members of Congress and special interest groups.”
(10:42)

The episode examines the intricate political maneuvering required to pass New Deal legislation, acknowledging both its achievements and shortcomings.

Social Reforms and Inclusivity

Historian (21:25):
“First ladies in American history have usually not been all that central to the politics... Eleanor Roosevelt was unusual in that she spoke in favor of black rights.”
(21:25)

Eleanor Roosevelt's pivotal role in advocating for civil rights is explored, illustrating the inclusive vision underpinning the New Deal.

Franklin D. Roosevelt (33:06):
"Genius draws no color line... Ms. Marian Anderson, My Country."
(33:06)

A poignant moment where Roosevelt supports Marian Anderson’s historic concert, symbolizing his commitment to racial equality.

Legislative Achievements and Labor Rights

Historian (27:45):
“The Wagner Act... made it easier to organize unions... provided pensions for the first time through the Social Security Act.”
(27:45)

The discussion underscores key legislative milestones, including labor rights advancements and the establishment of Social Security.

Roosevelt’s Leadership Style and Public Perception

Franklin D. Roosevelt (44:31):
"For nearly four years now you have had an administration which instead of rolling up its sleeves... we will keep our sleeves rolled up."
(44:31)

Roosevelt’s tenacious approach to combating economic monopolies and promoting fairness is a recurring theme, showcasing his unwavering dedication.

Political Analyst (46:33):
“The New Deal programs... were massive and involved significant public support.”
(46:33)

An analysis of the broad public backing and the extensive scope of New Deal programs demonstrates their pivotal role in American recovery.

Legacy and Impact

Franklin D. Roosevelt (48:10):
"We will continue to seek to improve working conditions for the workers of America... to end the labor of children and to wipe out sweatshops."
(48:10)

Roosevelt’s commitment to labor reforms and social justice is highlighted, cementing his legacy as a reformer.

Social Critic (56:04):
“She had a different approach to politics... demonstrated what it could be.”
(52:13)

Eleanor Roosevelt’s strategic political engagement and advocacy are recognized as instrumental in shaping progressive policies.

Conclusion: Enduring Influence of the New Deal

The episode concludes by reflecting on the enduring influence of Roosevelt’s New Deal, emphasizing its foundational role in shaping modern American social and economic policies. The collaborative efforts of diverse cabinet members, the strategic legislative actions, and the unwavering public support collectively underscore the New Deal's significance in American history.

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Notable Quotes:

• Franklin D. Roosevelt (05:11):
  “There is no vision, the people perish. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truth. We apply social values more noble than mere monetary profits.”

• Franklin D. Roosevelt (33:06):
  “Genius draws no color line... Ms. Marian Anderson, My Country.”

• Franklin D. Roosevelt (44:31):
  “For nearly four years now you have had an administration which instead of rolling up its sleeves... we will keep our sleeves rolled up.”

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This episode of Le Cours de l'histoire meticulously unpacks Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal, offering listeners a comprehensive understanding of its complexities, triumphs, and lasting impact on the United States. Whether you're a history enthusiast or a casual listener, the detailed analyses and rich narratives provide valuable insights into one of America's most pivotal eras.

Transcript

[Historian]

France Guiltyr.

[Political Analyst]

The GREAT CROSSING Franklin Delano.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

Roosevelt the ally I Franklin Delano Roosevelt do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. So help me God. My friends, mes amis this is a day of national consecration that on this day my fellow American.

[Political Analyst]

Well when Roosevelt took office US Steel which is the largest it's hard for people to imagine just how and the American people were really.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

So first of all.

[Historian]

Well the Great Depression surprisingly gave rise to popular discontent old age and there were movements which distribution of wealth of some of the property of the wealthy during the 30s and in those unions communists. The Communist party was probably the largest single radical during the Popular Front period same terms the communists around the world especially they identify themselves very much with American tradition and they opened Thomas Jefferson.

[Commentator]

Etc.

[Historian]

And also they were were the Communist party was.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

This is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's good.

[Commentator]

When.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

There is no vision the people perish. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truth. We apply social values more noble than mere monetary profits.

[Political Analyst]

And it's very interesting you know to think about Roosevelt's disability so he launched this first hundred days would he.

[Commentator]

Galio.

[Political Analyst]

Paravon needed no president in the first hundred days.

[Economist]

WPA Works Progress Administration SSA Social Security Administration Dans Impey La CWA Civil Work Administration.

[Historian]

My father for example was a writer and he.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

Works Progress Administration.

[Historian]

He wrote guides about. He wrote partly.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

The government sponsored a spectacular parade up New York's Fifth Avenue to promote an unprecedented federal effort the National Recovery Administration. Roosevelt called the NRA by establishing profit levels for business and wage levels for labor.

[Political Analyst]

Any company that agreed to follow the provision Industrial Recovery act was to to ask businesses to maintain wages very comprehensive right across the country series of codes and so forth and you know inspirational he had given at the early part of the go out and buy products that had the Blue Eagle do their part There was we have to join together to overcome.

[Economist]

The economic crisis.

[Commentator]

When he took power he said if.

[Economist]

I don't succeed last president.

[Commentator]

And in his inaugural address which you know in the same month he asked very broad I would use if there were a war. There were some Republicans who accused him of that and it's a sort of miracle anyway to fascism.

[Historian]

He understood that the country was very divided as much as it is now United States is now in different ways he understood that in order to support things and doing things.

[Commentator]

So what we.

[Economist]

Have is a Complete and insightful view.

[Commentator]

Into a cabinet member's.

[Economist]

So Henry Morgenthau Jr. Was the treasury secretary.

[Political Analyst]

Henri Morgenthau it in le secretaire du.

[Economist]

Tresor de Franclain Roosevelt him in that role.

[Commentator]

And the two had been friends. They both lived farm activities and things like that.

[Political Analyst]

As you may know, the banking system had all but collapsed over 11,000. And then they had to quickly draft legislation essentially put together. But you know a banking crisis is psychological. American people setosicology banks pulling their money out.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States. My friends, I want to talk for a few minutes.

[Commentator]

And the skill with which nobody understands still. And there were a lot of other things like that. I mean people you know. He began my friend.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

Another question that you will ask is simple and I know you. Your government does not shall be repeated. We do not want and will not as a result. We start tomorrow Monday with the opening of banks in the 12 Federal Reserve Banks.

[Political Analyst]

One of the things about the New Deal that we need to keep in mind is that you know again most people don't realize that the United States.

[Commentator]

We see him as a great progressive and he was. But if you. If you go. If you put yourself back there, I mean he. He sort of knew too far to go too far, wasn't he Always presented it terms.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

What a man. He is the man of men. What a man. A regular f man. What a lucky day was his first birthday. What a lucky day for the USA What a man and how he leads the way. What a heart, what a mind. What a plan. What a birthday celebration. What a day of inspiration. What a blessing to the nation. What a man.

[Historian]

One of the important rationales for motivations is and really sales pitch equality or anything like that. It was the idea that in order.

[Commentator]

To.

[Historian]

Have more money things. So that was the rationale.

[Commentator]

He appointed all kinds of contradictory people in his government opinions. The that he produced was. And it's. If you came to see him you have. You want your case. That sounds wonderful. I think that that fellow's opponent very interesting made his own decision. Both of those people were baffled and bewildered by his administration most diverse. I mean this country was run by wasps by white raps. He had Jews in his cabinet. There was an African. It doesn't seem like much now of how frightening it was that Jews in the federal government. They called it the Jew deal.

[Political Analyst]

It's important to point out that the political structure that Roosevelt there were lots of liberal Republicans.

[Historian]

The Democratic Party was formed in the early 19th century really as a Coalition Solid south as it was called it was very very difficult in most parts of the south right so there's this very strongly racist component of Democratic Party and then of course Roosevelt 1930s proposed dams to provide electricity to to people in the south bring electrification to the South Also help to subsidies to farmers not have to worry about going broke going bankruptcy who were mostly there white people in the south the mine of.

[Economist]

St. Antoine of St. Ante Neuf La Work Progress Administration New Bedford, Massachusetts.

[Political Analyst]

The critical first 34 it dropped a lot so it was a very dramatic.

[Historian]

Yes it's very important to note the kind of made it much easier for.

[Political Analyst]

Groups.

[Historian]

Who were not included in the National Labor Relations Act One were agricultural workers. This really really sort of very landmark piece of legislation to make it easier to organize unions did not apply to two of the major occupations that that act would not have passed had not been made and the Social Security act which for the first time provided pensions to Roosevelt.

[Political Analyst]

The New Deal programs Progress Administration Public Works Administration in some ways.

[Historian]

First ladies in American history have usually not been all that central to the politics of Roosevelt was unusual in that spoken in favor of black rights. A very important incident 38 I forget where the singer who Eleanor Roosevelt was supporting was Mary Nann Roosevelt and she was barred from and it had a white only policy for those who could come to concerts. And so with the help of Harold Ickes who was a former Theodore Roosevelt Republican he was able to secure the so this was something.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

Genius Genius draws no color line and so it is fitting that Marian Anderson should raise her voice in tribute to the noble Lincoln who mankind will ever honor. Ms. Marian Anderson My Country.

[Economist]

Director de la NAACP Association Pola Protection MESSAGE defong.

[Historian]

She was behind the scenes quietly she did urge her Robert Wagner is sponsor of the National Labor Relations act the Wagner act as it was called as I mentioned before was Bill but it was impossible to convince any of the local and clearly those Southern jury is made up of entirely.

[Social Critic]

This is especially one area where I do wish about.

[Economist]

It so of course.

[Social Critic]

But I suspect were personally caught in this evolution of thinking I don't really know what he.

[Commentator]

Felt.

[Social Critic]

Closer to my grandmother than and I suspect that because he let her speak freely and do freely even though he knew black that by letting her speak what thereby leading their thinking as well and if if he wasn't operate.

[Historian]

Political.

[Political Analyst]

The New Deal is not perfect. You know these were massive in a way what various members of Congress various special interest groups would push through agriculture and so there were often the effectiveness of those programs was really dependent on it was very popular the National Recovery.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

Administration.

[Economist]

Henry Ford le vice president politique du government les industrials.

[Social Critic]

And as he got older and experienced his own A one on one relationship with what you can do in your own life. That demanded that you that marginalized some people enriched others and addressed the country to have a democratic country.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

Democrats gangster police.

[Historian]

Libyans want Roosevelt to take stands that were much more 1934 election really changes that and makes possible been striking down a lot of New Deal conservative court. But they wanted to keep their reputation parties court and so they have before.

[Commentator]

One of the things is if you've been a member of that class rightful.

[Political Analyst]

Rulers.

[Commentator]

What they were like scornful of them in a lot of ways. And they rejected him. It was once described to me by someone who was there family of his mother. And he was invited. He was president. They couldn't. The house was just up the Hudson. He attended the wedding brought him in and so on. And he sat on the porch.

[Historian]

Go.

[Commentator]

Out on the lawn. And certainly he's the president of the United States. And in his own family had been a little boy. And he said FDR signaled his mother on the lawn. The breach that he made with those people.

[Economist]

Henry Morgan de la no Roosevelt Henri Morganceau.

[Political Analyst]

Even if you go back to his first inaugural he mentions individuals when he started a call in 1934 he really took these arms in 1936 during the election he said and could no longer follow the procedure economic tyranny such as this. That's the New Deal Roosevelt firm firmly believed that the economic monopolies that had brought the country to ruin.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

For nearly four years now you have had an administration which instead of has rolled up its sleeves. And I can assure you that we will keep our sleeves rolled up. We had to struggle with the old enemies of peace business and financial monopoly. Class antagonism sectionalism war profiteering monopole financier speculateur banquier de gay and we know now that government by organized money. Never before in all our history have these forces been so united again one candidate as they stand today. They are unanimous in their hate for me. And I welcome their hatred.

[Political Analyst]

And as the pressure mounted and let's not forget 1935 we see which guarantees workers the right to form unions. These are really long lines. There are many more when you think about the right it was these kinds of programs 36 elections he really took on those vessels. Of course he won the largest.

[Commentator]

Braces that weighed about. But they ran from in order for him to Move from a podium or to the podium. He had to. And he would throw his weight. You can see it in some in the film. This way, that way. Meanwhile, he was Although he shake hands when he went through a crowd. But he smiled and shouted to people and kept their eyes on his face. To let look how people say he's crippled. He is the key. He was not always happy. Once at the convention in he walked and he gave his speech. And they managed to. And he went and completely out of order. And if you film of him making that speech. Because if he didn't hold on to the podium. All of that to me is heroic. I mean, it is really gallant.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

Of course. Of course we will continue to seek to improve working conditions for the workers of America. To end the labor of children and to wipe out sweatshop. Of course we will continue commercial.

[Social Critic]

I think some people saw her as being not as politically savage. And I don't think that's quite the correct description. I just think she had a different approach to politics. And she knew that what she could contribute. She was a demonstration of what it.

[Political Analyst]

Les Nationalistes TAL West.

[Franklin D. Roosevelt]

Today there is war and rumor of war. But while we guard our shores against threats of war. We will continue to remove the causes of unrest. And note well that those who stand are not on our side in this campaign.

[Economist]

Mesimondevoir on Tonka Ministry.

[Political Analyst]

At the beginning of the war Famously one good example of the sort of planning that was involved by the time you get to the mid-30s. But programs like the National Youth provided support for attending high school and college and so forth. When you get to the end of the night, money got directed because Roosevelt knew. So they trained. Tens of those men were on to work in the factories that, you know, turned the.

[Commentator]

There.

[Economist]

Avec Joffrey Ward David Woolner Anne Roosevelt Michael Kazim Catherine Bronwerm Elivois de Clara Chevalier Lise Combe Laurent Lederer Joaquim Sananger Evelyn Guimara Madeleine Bonio Carnal Mavine Watara Francois l' Hequet Prince de Sant Benjamin Tuot Valentin Azan Zielensky Traduction Celeste Carlin Marine Elgun Recherche Ina Sabine Duron Mixage Valentin Azan Virensky Renamision de Judite Pa realize.